mand the fort; but although the enemy had commenced raising fortifications upon them, they had never been completed. Fort Henry was an earth-work scientifically constructed, and mounted with seventeen cannon, most of which were of heavy calibre, there being one one hundred and twenty-eight pounder, eight or ten thirty-two pounders, four twelve pounders, and other powerful guns. To the fort were attached barracks and an encampment capable of accommodating fifteen thousand men. Brigadier-General Tilghman was the Confederate chief in command.

Lloyd Tilghman was born in Maryland, and was educated at the Military Academy of West Point, where he completed his studies in 1836. After receiving the commission of second lieutenant of dragoons in July of the same year, he resigned in the following September, and adopted the profession of a civil engineer. He was employed in this capacity on various railroads until the war with Mexico, when he proceeded to the Rio Grande and served as a volunteer aide-de-camp to General Twiggs in the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. He subsequently became the chief of a small partisan band, superintended the erection of the defensive works at Matamoras, and finally closed his career in Mexico as the captain of a company of light artillery in a regiment of volunteers from Maryland and the District of Columbia. After the war Tilghman resumed his profession as a civil engineer and became one of the assistants of the engi

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neer corps employed by the Panama Railroad Company. At the beginning of the civil troubles he was residing at Paducah, in Kentucky, and being an ardent advocate for secession, was one of the first to take up arms in behalf of that cause. Obtaining the command of a regiment of the first Kentucky brigade, he remained for awhile at Clarksville, in Tennessee, engaged in drilling his men. When the Confederate troops invaded Kentucky, he accompanied them to Bowling Green. Soon after he was promoted from a coloneley to a brigadier-generalship, and having been placed in command of the works on the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers, established his headquarters at Fort Donelson, but was in Fort Henry conducting its defence at the moment of its attack by the Federal forces.

The preparations had been very extensive and elaborate at Cairo and Paducah as well as at St. Louis, for the combined naval and military expeditions, from which so much was expected in, carrying out the plans of campaign in the West. Cairo, in Illinois, situated at the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio, and Paducah, in Kentucky, on the latter, just at the mouth of the Tennessee, and commanding that of the Cumberland, served admirably as bases of operations upon these rivers, which penetrated the interior of the vast territory held by the enemy. It was accordingly at these places that large land forces had been concentrated, and an immense fleet of gun-boats built.

General Grant was in immediate com

mand of the troops at Cairo and Paducah, under General Halleck, the chief of the Department of the West. Ulysses S. Grant was born at Point Pleasant, Clermont County, Ohio, 27th of April, 1822. Entering the West Point Military Academy as a cadet in 1839, he completed his studies in 1843, and was immediately brevetted second lieutenant of the Tenth Infantry. In September, 1845, he was promoted to the full rank, and served during the war with Mexico, both under Generals Taylor and Scott. His gallantry and good services won him promotion. In April, 1847, he was serving as regimental quartermaster, and on the 31st of July, 1854, when he resigned, was captain of the Tenth Infantry. On leaving the army he resided for awhile in Missouri, but subsequently removed to Galena, in Illinois, where he was living at the commencement of the present war. He immediately offered his services to the Governor of the State, and was appointed colonel of the Twenty-first Regiment of Illinois Volunteers. After serving for awhile in Missouri, where he took part in several engagements, he was promoted to a brigadier-generalship, and placed in command at Cairo. His enterprise and spirit as a leader were shown in the severe struggle at Belmont. There will soon be occasion to follow him to more important and triumphant fields of battle.

The commander-in-chief of the naval force at Cairo was Captain Foote, a name which will be found gloriously associated with the movements into Kentucky and

Tennessee, soon to be related. Andrew H. Foote was born in Connecticut. His father was the Senator Foote from that State, in answer to whom Daniel Webster made one of his most memorable speeches. Young Foote entered the navy as a midshipman on the 4th of December, 1822. On the 19th of the same month, of the year 1852, after a long period of active service, he was appointed a commander. In the attack made by the Americans, in the year 1856, upon the Chinese forts, he was in command, and showed his spirit and enterprise by laying his vessel, bow fore most, immediately under the guns of the enemy, and by the success of the manoeuvre proved its advantage over the system of his British allies, who fought at long range.

After a service of more than a score of years on sea, and some ten on land, in various employments connected with the naval department, Commander Foote was placed in command of the Navy Yard at Brooklyn, New York. At the beginning of the recent war he was promoted to a captaincy, and charged with organizing the flotilla of gun-boats at St. Louis and Cairo, to operate on the Western rivers. In the performance of this duty, which was beset with great difficulties, he showed an unconquerable energy, and the successful result is a triumph, the honor of which is conceded chiefly to him. "Foote is now (1862) sixty years of age, but though he has grown grey in the tranquil service of his country during peace, still shows a vigor and cour