The studies to be pursued in these several departments may be arranged under the following heads: 1. English language and literature; 2. Mathematics; 3. Geography and civil history; 4. Natural history, including human physiology, zoology, botany and geology; 5. Natural philosophy and chemistry; 6. Mental, moral and political science; 7. Drawing, penmanship and book-keeping; 8. Reading, declamation and music; 9. The theory and practice of teaching; 10. The Latin and Greek languages, and the German, to which may, hereafter, be added one or more of the other modern languages.

GEOLOGY FOR SCHOOLS AND FAMILIES.-NO. VII.

BY JOSIAH HOLBROOK.

Not a little enthusiasm prevails among the schools of our National city in furnishing the seventy thousand schools of our nation with specimens of the materials of our National buildings-at once a national and a patriotic enterprise. For the accomplishment of this noble and generous object the members of many schools rise at early dawn, immediately directing their steps towards the Capitol, where they find, by repairs now in progress upon the building, any desirable number of specimens exactly fitted to their wishes. These they select, of a size a little larger than a dollar, in numbers suited to their strength or their purposes. When thus supplied with specimens, showing the material composing the Capitol of the Union, also the President's House and several other buildings, these young scientific and patriotic explorers select for an excursion the Smithsonian Institute or Washington Monument, where they also find, by hundreds of cartloads, specimens of those buildings exactly prepared to their hands. Still persevering till they have accomplished their object, they procure without difficulty specimens of the Post Office, of the pillars in the Representatives chamber, and of all the public buildings in the American metropolis.

Except the Post Office and the Monument, the materials of these buildings are obtained from conglomerate formations; which formations present three general divisions, with several varieties of each. These three divisions come under the terms of sandstone, silicious puddingstone, and calcareous puddingstone; the last also called freccia. The sandstone abounds in various parts of the world, and is very extensively used as a building material, under the common name of freestone, from its yielding readily to the drill, the wedge, and the chisel, and by them worked freely into any desirable forms. Sandstone is the common, if not the only material used for grindstones, and is much used for hearthstones in iron furnaces, forming the deposite for the iron as it becomes liquid from the ore.

Silicious puddingstone is also exceedingly abundant; forming extensive deposites, and even ranges in various parts of the world, especially

in coal fields. The pebbles composing this rock are sometimes simply quartz: at others masses of granite or hornblend formations; varying in size from that of a pea, or even smaller, to a foot, or perhaps two or three feet in diameter; filled in with small pebbles and grains of sand, and the whole being cemented, principally by iron, into solid masses, many miles in extent. Such a rock forms the very highest peaks of the Catskill mountains. The pebbles and large masses composing this extensive formation of rocks are always rounded, giving proof that before they were thus formed in large deposites and extensive ranges of rocks, they had for a long time been subject to attrition. These conglomerate masses and ranges are frequently divided by seams of moderate distances, from half a foot to several feet, hundreds of feet in extent, cutting masses a foot or two in diameter and pebles smaller than peas in one uni.form direction, leaving plain even surfaces upon these exceedingly irregular masses, and thus fitting them for handsomely faced walls, for which they are extensively used between Boston and Providence. Calcareous puddingstone, forming the pillars in the Representatives chamber in our National Capitol, is far more limited than the silicious already mentioned. Though composed almost entirely of rounded masses of limestone, pebbles of quartz occasionally appear in it, greatly increasing the expense of polishing; indeed nearly or wholly prevent its use for the common purposes of marble.

Morning excursions, or any excursions for itstruction so rich and so practical, and for an object so high and noble, bring into harmonious and healthful action muscle, mind, and soul. No faltering of steps; no misgivings of conscience; no doubtful consciousness of noble impulses for a noble object; no doubtful success in accomplishing the object of their generous impulses; no muddy or misty ideas bewildering their investigations; no want of novelty, variety, or richness of ideas, to give new vigor to every step of their progress in substantial, because practical knowledge; nothing irksome; nothing dull; nothing low or vulgar; noth⚫ing demoralizing or of doubtful moral tendency, ever calls for 'the birch,' or other artificial, unnatural stimulants to impel young muscles and young spirits to pursue vigorously and steadily so great an enterprise for so high an object; leaving a deep, durable, and dignified impress upon their minds, by their efforts to implant similar impressions upon the minds of others.

The only question suggested by a movement so truly and so highly national, is, for which it is most to be admired, its simplicity or its magnificence? A few short weeks thus occupied by the young hands, directed by active minds and generous souls in our National metropolis, are sufficient to transmit and diffuse the same noble impulses which animate them to seventy thousand schools, and through them to some eight millions of young spirits, in a few years to determine the character,

and to constitute [the strength of the American republic. How is it possible to conceive of steps more simple, dircet, or certain; or any obJect more noble, grand, or magnificent?

The size of THE SCHOOL FRIEND AND OHIO SCHOOL JOURNAL will be the same as that in which the School Friend has heretofore appeared. Each number will contain sixteen quarto pages, equal in amount of matter to thirty-two pages of the Ohio School Journal. The Publishers would therefore most respectfully, but earnestly appeal to the friends of Education in the West to use their influence and exertions to secure for the "School Friend and Ohio School Journal" a wide circulation. The great importance of a well conducted educational periodical is admitted by all. We have incurred considerable expense, and and are ready to spare no exertion to render our paper such a one in the fullest sense of the term, and to adapt it fully to the wants of the friends of education in the West, in this respect. Will they do their part in securing for us a wide circulation? Complaint surely cannot be made of our terms.

PERRYSBURG UNION SCHOOL.

We take pleasure in presenting our readers the accompanying neatly engraved view of the Union School House erected in Perrysburg during the year 1848. The following description of it is from the first Annual Catalogue just published. "The building is a new and spacious brick edifice two stories high, sixty by ninety feet. It contains four large school rooms, seated after the most approved models, with some original inprovements. The heating apparatus is ingeniously constructed, so as to keep the rooms uniformly comfortable by means of a constant supply of fresh heated air, and at the same time the vitiated air is allowed to escape through ventilators. The air in the rooms is thus kept constantly pure and healthy.

The School House lot contains an acre of ground, enclosed with a picket fence, and divided into three yards; two yards in the rear for play grounds, and one in front for plants and shrubbery.

The school contains four departments; Primary, Secondary, Grammar and High School, for each of which a definite course of study and instruction is prescribed, and all are under the supervision, and the High School under the immediate instruction of Prof. A. D. Wright, A. M., a gentleman who has been long and favorably known in New York. The assistant Teachers are Mr. Edward Olney, Misses H. C. Peck and M. A. Jones; Mrs. C. J. Wright, Teacher of Drawing and Painting, and Mrs. E. F. Robinson, Teacher of Music."

The number of pupils instructed during the year is 471.

Of the increase of the School thus far, the Board of Education speak as follows: "This Institution was commenced under a strong and abiding sense that a system of classified schools was the true system for towns and villages, and much was expected from it, but, under the wise and skillful superintendence of Prof. Wright, the most sanguine anticipations of its friends have been far more than realized."

OHIO SCHOOL JOURNAL.

CURE FOR A PASSIONATE TEMPER.-A merchant in London had a dispute with a Quaker, respecting the settlement of an account. The merchant was determined to bring the question into court, a proceeding which the Quaker honestly deprecated, using every argument in his power to convince the merchant of his error, but the latter was inflexible. Desirous to make a last effort, the Quaker called at his house one morning, and inquired of his servant if his master was at home. The merchant hearing the inquiry, and knowing the voice, culled aloud from the top of the stairs, "Tell that rascal I am not at home." The Quaker, looking up towards him, calmly said, "Well, friend, God put thee in a better mind." The merchant, struck afterward with the meekness of the reply, and having more deliberately investigated the matter, became convinced that the Quaker was right, and he in the wrong. He reques ted to see him, and after acknowledging his error, he said "I have one question to ask you-how were you able, with such patience, on various occasions, to bear my abuse?" "Friend," said the Quaker, "I will tell thee; I was naturally as hot and violent as thou art. I knew that to indulge this temper was sinful; and I found that it was imprudent. I observed that men in a passion always speak aloud; and I thought if I could control my voice, I should repress my passion. I have, therefore, made it a rule never to suffer my voice to rise above a certain key; and by a careful observance of this rule, I have, with the blessing of God entirely mastered my natural temper." The Quaker reasoned philosoph ically, and the merchant, as every one else may do, benefited by his example.

EDITORIAL NOTICES.

To Subscribers.-If any of the subscribers have failed to receive the Journal regularly, they will please inform us, and the missing numbers will be forwarded without delay.

To Exchanges.--We are under great obligations to those newspapers and journals which have favored us with an exchange, notwithstanding the disparity of the prices at which their papers and the Journal are furnished. Those who wish to continue the exchange, will please direct their papers hereafter, to the "School Friend and Journal," Cincinnati.

The Youths' Department is omitted in this number to make room for the Index, under which head we have arranged the contents of the four volumes.

Back Volumes. These can still be furnished at the rates published in the Journal. Complete sets can be furnished from the office of the "School Friend and Journal," in Cincinnati, or by the Editor in Columbus.

All subscriptions and communications should be addressed, POST PAID to "The School Friend and Ohio School Journal, Cincinnati, Ohio "