parison of ratios between their respective groups of effective and influential graduates, it is not always the little College that suffers. Colleges vary as the square of the ideals which they impart and vivify. Those are large that issue the largest pro rata of large men, and those are small whose man-product is relatively lesser in mental and executive efficiency. Those who are so ready to make a patronizing complaint that the College unduly attempts the functions of the University in advanced specialization should logically be as careful to see that the University should not usurp or minify the indispensable functions of the College.

Neither legitimately includes the other. The University has no more call to dictate the College course than the College has call to dictate the University course. The two are of right as distinct as they should be complemental.

The edges where they divide may and probably must slightly overlap, but this is no reason for friction, either by an airy and opulent condescension, or by a covetous and impatient ambition. There should be a self-respecting individuality in each task, and in the assertion and fulfilment of that individuality the utmost mutual regard and cooperation. Graduate or under-graduate course, let each affirm, honor and magnify its own peculiar and distinct occasion and sphere, ever more persistently, symmetrically, convincingly, and let neither envy and neither vaunt.

Emma Willard

AN ADDRESS AT THE PRESENTATION

OF THE RUSSELL SAGE HALL IN TROY, N. Y.
MAY 16, 1895

It is one of the high privileges of a college president to be put into relation with many noble enterprises and occasions that lie somewhat outside of his own strict sphere. It is also one of the penalties of such an office that its incumbent is often summoned to minister in matters that quite transcend his own special fitness.

But willingly I have met the cordial request of these twain whose united hearts and hands are responsible for this occasion, and most cheerfully I become the spokesman of an appreciation and gratitude which all now here share, and would, each, I am sure, desire to express and to augment. Most cordially I bring to this assembly, and, first of all, to these generous benefactors, the greetings of an institution that has a fraternal interest and zeal for whatever shall advance the cause of true and general education within the bounds of a state whose primacy in learning, in law, in civil and domestic character, in commercial enterprise and influence, in noble popular ideals and in all that promotes their realization, in reverent and religious purpose,-whose primacy in these things that make a commonwealth truly great, all the states of this august "family of nations" may well honor without envy and emulate without rivalling. The motto of this imperial New York of ours, with its ardent six millions and its noble schools, colleges, churches and homes, its varied centres of manufacture and trade, its splendid thorofares of traffic and travel, its strong and earnest homogenity,—is a motto of per

petual ambition and betterment. EXCELSIOR is a device that was both a purpose and a prophecy. Vital labor is always the impulse and expression of hope. Manly hope, which must be hope for all that uplifts and unites man, can never tire nor pause in its outreach and upgoing. The New York of this generation is but an enlarging link between the New York that was and the New York that in God's providence is to be. To Him, under the word Excelsior, we are pledged, in the comparative degree,- pledged always to transcend present attainment in committing ourselves to more, larger, better things. We accept this onward step as a token of progress in this community and as a type of the duty to which all our Empire State is elected and divinely urged.

Zeal for the simultaneous deepening and widening of education is the recognition of God's august plan for a nation, and, thro a nation, for all nations. The mind that is at all taught by Chrisť knows that the genius of His plans of universal sovereignity holds education to be not the luxury of the few, but the right and calling of the many. The spirit of that thought for humanity which Christianity, when faithful to its trust, is ever more strenuously expounding, is the spirit of both intensification and of diffusion. The extension of knowledge is a Christian instinct. The open Bible is both itself a mighty school and is the inspiration of all schools. It at once demands and incites general advance. All gifts toward extension of true thought are tributary toward the sweetening and ennobling of human life. That wisdom and goodness which meet in God are His intention for men whom He trains to know and serve Him.

Generosity is the counterproof of genuine grace. But generosity has wishes that are not bounded by the artificial demarcations of a semi-civilized and half-christianized exclusiveness. Help toward one group only rises to its true stature when it is offered as a step toward the help of all who need help-to the very least and neediest. Uncommon schools are

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intended at last to leaven and lift common schools, else they lapse into a selfish pedantry which is its own defeat.

"That white soul of my race (nobly said George William Curtis) naturally loves the man, of whatever race or color, who bravely fights and gloriously dies for equal rights, and instinctively loathes every man, who, saved by the blood of such heroes, deems himself made of choicer clay." [1:173] We hail this recognition of the impulse of our beloved state to diffuse the blessings of which knowledge is the almoner and guardian.

And, met as we now are, we also read reverently another paragraph in God's evident method of process. We all hope that this fine and well-adapted building will be a means to noble uses and ends, and that the institution it so advantages will 'grow from more to more': but we are to remember that we are celebrating results, a past as well as a future summons our attention. Here is fruitage as well as blossoming and promise. All survival is proof of fitness. All evolution is essentially ethical in its demonstration that God counts no process too complex, no graduation too slow, no cost too great, no sacrifice too painful, that makes toward betterment. God's way leading up to man, and God's leading of man of which history is the record, is supremely expressive of his will to secure the eventual best. Evolution is charged with ideality.

Therefore, we trace steps, and hope is educated into unfaltering trust that He who sees the end selects the means.

Therefore, we turn properly and heartily to consider her name and prescient fidelity to whose original labors this building is at once a tribute and a testimony. You will I am sure gladly go with me in tracing the personality and services of EMMA HART WILLARD.

She was born in Worthington parish, Connecticut, upon February the 23rd, 1787, and she died in this city of Troy, April 15th, 1870. Her life thus compassed the long period of

four-score years and three. It is suggestive of much to say that she was two years old at the date of Washington's first inauguration, and that by five years she survived the death of Lincoln. What events, changes, discoveries, achievements, for America and mankind, crowd the record of those abundant years! Of good stock-that virile stuff that has made the influence of her little state so wide and so enduring,- she was the sixteenth of an old-fashioned family of seventeen children. Beginning upon seventy-five cents a week, she was a teacher at the age of sixteen. Rapidly advancing she became an academy preceptress in Berlin, Conn., in Westfield, Mass., and, in 1807, in Middlebury, Vt. Hers was thus a New England training, well absorbed by a New England character of energy and ideality.

The little town of Middlebury was well-famed for its intelligent society. Of the college there, Dr. Henry Davis was president. Men of Hamilton College who know the story of their Alma Mater recall with pride that having in his hands in 1817 two calls, one to Hamilton and one to Yale, he deliberately preferred the former, and in 1818 as the second president of Hamilton succeeded the lamented and beloved Azel Backus, entering upon a career of fifteen years of arduous and noble service service whose results are still indelible.

Emma Hart was married to Dr. John Willard, of Middlebury, in 1809. The robbery and the failure of the local bank with which he was connected, led her to open a school for young women in 1814. Avid of books and eager for all mental acquisition and skill, she was also full of ideas that for that time were far advanced. The contrast of the education then afforded to girls with that administered in the College at her doors led her to introduce many new studies and methods.

Great changes have taken place since that early day in the curriculum furnished to both young men and maidens; but preeminently it was Emma Willard who asserted and demonstrated the capacity of young women for higher studies.