especially to express, sublime, impassioned and pathetic emotions.

1. EFFUSIVE OROTUND.

Examples.

"SUBLIMITY."

MILTON'S INVOCATION OF LIGHT.

Hail! holy Light,—offspring of Heaven, first-born,

Or of the Eternal co-eternal beam

May I express thee unblamed? since God is light,
And never but in unapproached light,
Dwelt from eternity,-dwelt then in thee,
Bright effluence of bright Essence increate!
Or hear'st thou, rather, pure ethereal stream,
Whose fountain who shall tell?-Before the sun,
Before the heavens thou wert, and, at the voice
Of God, as with a mantle didst invest
The rising world of waters, dark and deep,
Won from the void and formless infinite.

"SUBLIMITY."

FROM THE BOOK OF PSALMS.

Bless the Lord, O my soul! O Lord, my God, Thou art very great. Thou art clothed with honor and majesty; who coverest thyself with light as with a garment; who stretchest out the heavens like a curtain: who layeth the beams of His chambers in the waters: who maketh the clouds His chariot; who walketh upon the wings of the wind; who laid the foundations of the earth, that it should not be removed forever.

2. EXPULSIVE OROTUND.

Examples.

"DECLAMATORY STYLE."

WEBSTER'S SPEECH OF JOHN ADAMS.

Sir, before God, I believe the hour is come. My judgment approves this measure; and my whole heart is in it. All that I have, and all that I am, and all that I hope, in this life, I am now ready here to stake upon it; and I leave off, as I began, that, live or die, survive or perish, I am for the declaration. It is my living sentiment; and, by the blessing of God, it shall be my dying sentiment:-independence now, and INDEPEND

ENCE FOREVER!

"IMPASSIONED."

FROM CAREY'S ODE ON ELOQUENCE.

Where rests the sword ?-where sleep the brave?
Awake! Cecropia's ally save

From the fury of the blast!

Burst the storm on Phocis' walls,

Rise! or Greece forever falls;

Up! or Freedom breathes her last!

3. EXPLOSIVE OROTUND.

Examples.

"IMPASSIONED."

ODE TO THE GREEKS.

Strike for the sires who left you free!
Strike for their sakes who bore you!

Strike for your homes and liberty,

And the Heaven you worship, o'er you!

"IMPASSIONED."

ANTONY, TO THE CONSPIRATORS.-Shakspeare.

Villains! you did not threat, when your vile daggers

Hacked one another in the sides of Cæsar!

You showed your teeth like apes, and fawned like hounds,
And bowed like bondmen, kissing Cæsar's feet;

Whilst damned Casca, like a cur, behind,

Struck Cæsar on the neck.-Oh! flatterers !

ASPIRATED.

The Aspirated Tone is a forcible breathing or whispering utterance, and is used to express fear, anger, terror, revenge, and remorse.

Examples.

"TERROR."

MACBETH, TO THE GHOST OF Banquo.

Avaunt! and quit my sight! Let the earth hide thee!

Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold:

Thou hast no speculation in those eyes

Which thou dost glare with!

Hence, horrible shadow !

Unreal mockery, hence!

"FEAR."

CALIBAN CONDUCTING STEPHANO AND TRINCULO TO THE CELL OF PROSPERO.-Shakspeare.

Pray you tread softly,—that the blind mole may not

Hear a footfall; we are now near his cell.

All's hushed as midnight yet.

Speak softly!

See'st thou here?

This is the mouth o' the cell: no noise! and enter.

GUTTURAL.

The Guttural is a deep, aspirated tone of voice, used to express aversion, hatred, loathing, and contempt.

Examples.

"AVERSION AND HATRED."

SHYLOCK, REGARDING ANTONIO.

How like a fawning publican he looks!
I hate him, for he is a Christian;

But more, for that, in low simplicity,

He lends out money gratis, and brings down
The rate of usuance with us here in Venice.
If I can catch him once upon the hip,

I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him!
He hates our sacred nation; and he rails,
Even there where merchants most do congregate,

On me, my bargains, and my well-won thrift,
Which he calls interest.-Cursed be my tribe,
If I forgive him!

"LOATHING AND CONTEMPT."

MASANIELLO, IN REPLY TO THE BASE SUGGESTIONS OF GENUINO.

I would that now

I could forget the monk who stands before me;

For he is like the accursed and crafty snake!

Hence! from my sight!-Thou Satan, get behind me,

Go from my sight!—I hate and I despise thee!

These were thy pious hopes; and I, forsooth,
Was in thy hands a pipe to play upon;
And at thy music my poor soul to death
Should dance before thee!

V. ARTICULATION.

Articulation is the distinct utterance of all the oral elements in syllables and words, according to the most approved custom of pronouncing them. With faithful practice on the following examples, giving to each syllable and letter its proper sound, the student will find little difficulty in articulation.

Remember, that in good articulation, very much depends upon opening the mouth sufficiently, so that nothing can impede a round, full tone of voice.

A daily practice, upon the following examples, cannot be too strictly enjoined; because there is nothing that indicates Vocal Culture more plainly than good articulation.

Examples.

1. He begged to be permitted to stay.

2. The foulest stain and scandal of our nature,

Becomes its boast. One murder makes a villain,
Millions a hero.

3. Bright angels! strike your loudest strings,—
Your sweetest voices raise.

4. I love my country's pine-clad hills,
Her thousand bright and gushing rills,
Her sunshine and her storms;

Her rough and rugged rocks that rear
Their hoary heads high in the air,

In wild fantastic forms.

5. The cricket kept creeping across the crevices.

6. For fear of offending the frightful fugitive, the vile vagabond

ventured to vilify the venerable veteran.

7. While wandering where the whirlpool wends its winding way,

We wistfully watched the wrathful waters wildly play.

8. The stripling stranger strayed straight toward the struggling stream.

9. The sleepy sluggard sits slumbering silently.

10. All that's bright must fade,

The brightest still the fleetest;

All that's sweet was made

But to be lost when sweetest.

11. He carves with classic chisel the Corinthian capital that crowns the column.

12. Now on his couch he shrunk and shivered.

13. Morn that now meet'st the orient sun, now fly'st.

14. Yet say, should tyrants learn at last to feel,

And the loud din of battle cease to bray;

Would death be foiled? Would health, and strength, and youth,
Defy his power? Has he no arts in store,

No other shafts save those of war? Alas!

Even in the smile of peace-that smile which sheds

A heavenly sunshine o'er the soul,—there basks

That serpent-Luxury.

15. The Almighty sustains and conducts the universe. It was He who separated the jarring elements! It was He who hung up the worlds in emply space! It is He who preserves them in their circles, and impels them in their course!

16. The bliss of man,-could pride that blessing find,

Is not to act or think beyond mankind.

17. All the oriental luster of the richest gems, all the enchanting beauties of exterior shape, the exquisite of all forms, the loveliness of color, the harmony of sounds, the heat and brightness of the enlivening sun, the heroic virtue of the bravest minds, with the purity and quickness of the highest intellect, are all emanations from the Deity.

VI. MODULATION.*

MODULATION includes the consideration of Key, Variations, Force, and Rate.

* The terms and a part of the definitions in modulation are adopted from Mandeville.