CHAPTER XVIII.

THE INAUGURATION.-OPENING OF THE WAR.

The Procession-Reception of the President by the People-The Inaugural Address-

Cabinet Appointments-Rebel Sympathizers in Office-Mr. Lincoln's pacific Policy

-Arrival of Rebel Commissioners in Washington-Surrender of Fort Sumter-Effect

upon the North-Proclamation of the President-Response of Massachusetts-At-

tack upon the Troops in Baltimore-Proclamation declaring a Blockade of Rebel

Ports-Position of Virginia-Secession of Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and

Arkansas-Response to the Call of the President at the North and West-Mr. Doug-

las's Visit to Mr. Lincoln-His Devotion to the Country-Speeches in Illinois-His

Sickness and Death,

277

CHAPTER XIX..

FIRST SUMMER OF THE WAR.

Important Military Operations-Washington Relieved from Danger-Fortress Monroe

Reinforced-The Government Works at Harper's Ferry Blown Up and Abandoned

-Occupation of Cairo-Rebel Congress assembled at Montgomery-Message of

President Davis-President Lincoln's Call for additional Troops-Affairs in Missouri

-General Butler's "Contraband" Order-Battle of Big Bethel-Death of Colonel

Ellsworth-Battle of Bull Run-Agreement between Buckner and McClellan-Po-

sition of the Government in reference to Slavery-The State of Western Virginia

Organized-Battles of Laurel Hill and Rich Mountain-Special Session of Congress

-Message of the President-The Majority of Congress sustain the Government-

Mr. Crittenden's Resolution-Effect of the President's Inaugural and Message—Ap-

pointment of General McClellan to the Command of the Army of the Potomac, 305

CHAPTER XX.

FOREIGN RELATIONS.-FREMONT IN MISSOURI.

Results of the Bull Run Battle-Foreign Relations-Seward's Instructions to Minister

Adams-To our Ministers at other European Courts-Belligerent Rights of Rebels

recognized by England and France-Sympathy of England with the Rebellion-J.

C. Fremont appointed Major-general-Battle of Wilson's Creek-Condition of Mis-

souri-Fremont's Proclamation-Lincoln's Letter to Fremont-Modification of Fre-

mont's Proclamation-Letter of Hon. Joseph Holt-General Fremont and Colonel

Blair-Charges against Fremont-General Grant occupies Paducah, Kentucky-Sur-

render of Colonel Mulligan-General Fremont takes the Field-He is superseded

by General Hunter-General McClellan and the Army of the Potomac-General

Butler captures the Hatteras Forts-Munson's Hill occupied by the Rebels-Battle

of Ball's Bluff-Resignation of General Scott-Visit of the President and Cabinet

to General Scott-Appointment of General McClellan to the Chief Command-

Victory at Port Royal-Victories of General Grant in Missouri and General Nelson

in Kentucky-Instructions to General Butler on the subject of Slavery, 324

CHAPTER XXI.

THE TRENT AFFAIR. THE GOVERNMENT AND SLAVERY.

Capture of Mason and Slidell by Captain Wilkes-Difficulties with England-Letter of

Mr. Seward--Release of Mason and Slidell-Session of Congress-Message of the

President-The Question of Slavery-Mr. Lincoln's Regard for the Constitution and

the Laws-He Recommends Gradual Emancipation-Conference with Members of

Congress from the Border States-Address of the President-The Confiscation Act

-Abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia-Letter of Mr. Greeley-Reply of

the President—Mr. Cameron's Resignation-Appointment of Mr. Stanton-Mr. Lin-

coln's Story,

339

CHAPTER XXII.

CAMPAIGNS OF 1862.

General McClellan and the Army of the Potomac-Blockade of the Potomac-Order of

the President for a grand Movement of the Armies of the Union-Order to the

Army of the Potomac-General McClellan advises a different Plan from that pro-

posed in the President's Order-Mr. Lincoln's Reply to McClellan-McClellan's

Plan Adopted-Evacuation of Manassas--Orders of the President-Organization of

Army Corps-Blenker's Division ordered to join Fremont-Banks to attack Jack-

son-McDowell's Corps retained for the Defense of Washington-McClellan at York-

town-McClellan complains of the Inadequacy of his Force-Correspondence be-

tween McClellan and the Authorities at Washington-General Franklin's Division

sent to General McClellan-Evacuation of Yorktown-Battle of Williamsburgh-

Battle at West Point-Correspondence on the Subject of Army Corps-Mr Lincoln's

"Little Story "-Capture of Norfolk-McClellan still Clamorous for Reinforcements

-Defeat of Banks-Defeat of the Rebels at Hanover Court-House-Battle of Fair

Oaks-Further Correspondence-The "Seven Days' Fight," and Retreat to James

River-McClellan's Advice to the Government-The President at Harrison's Land-

ing-The Army of the Potomac returns to Alexandria-Failure of McClellan to Re-

inforce General Pope-The Rebels cross the Potomac-General McClellan appointed

to the Command of the Army in Virginia-Battles of South Mountain and Antietam

-General McClellan ordered to pursue the Rebels-Stuart's Raid-President's Let-

ter to General McClellan-The Army across the Potomac-McClellan relieved of his

Command-His Character-General Burnside appointed to the Command-Defeat

at Fredericksburg-Capture of Roanoke Island-New Orleans surrendered to Gen-

eral Butler-Military Affairs at the West, .

358

CHAPTER XXIII.

PROCLAMATION OF EMANCIPATION.

Mr. Lincoln's Proclamation in pursuance of the Confiscation Act-Fernando Wood's

Letters, advising Negotiation with the Rebels-The President's Replies-Mr. Lin-

coln's Letter to Mr. Hodges-Mr. Carpenter's Account of the Emancipation Procla-

mation-Cabinet Meeting-Opinions of Messrs. Chase, Blair and Seward-Mr. Bout-

well's Account-The Preliminary Proclamation issued-Its Reception by the People

-General McClellan's Order to the Army-The Emancipation Proclamation of

January 1st, 1863-Proclamation suspending the Writ of Habeas Corpus-Criticisms

upon it-Circular Letter of the President on Sabbath-breaking in the Army-Letter

to Governor Shepley, .

.387

CHAPTER XXIV.

SUSPENSION OF HABEAS CORPUS. THE DRAFT.-CAM-

PAIGNS OF 1863.

Colonization Schemes of the President-Compensated Emancipation recommended-
Bill for Enrolling and Drafting the Militia-Financial Measures of Congress-Opin-
ions of the President-Western Virginia admitted to the Union-Representatives
from Louisiana admitted to Congress-Feace Agitations-Course of Vallandigham
of Ohio-His Arrest by General Burnside-Decision of Judge Leavitt-Vallandig-
ham's Trial and Sentence-Sentence modified by the President-Letter of Gov-
ernor Seymour-Vallandigham nominated for Governor by the Democratic Con-
vention of Ohio-The Committee of the Convention visit the President-The Pres-
ident's Reply to their Letter-Resolutions of the Albany Meeting-The President's
Reply-Universal Suspension of the Writ of Habeas Corpus-The Draft-Riots in
New York-Course of Governor Seymour-Action of the President-Elections of
1863-Letter from the Working Men of Manchester, England-The President's
Reply-Mr. Lincoln's Letter to J. C. Conkling-Military Events of the Year-Battle

of Chancellorsville-Lee's Invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania-General Meade

succeeds General Hooker in Command-Battle of Gettysburg-The President's

Dispatch-Dedication of the Gettysburg Cemetery-Speech of the President-Sur-

render of Vicksburg and Port Hudson-Mr. Lincoln's Letter to General Grant-

Rosecrans' Campaign in Tennessee-General Grant defeats Bragg, and drives Long-

street from Tennessee-The President's Thanksgiving Proclamations-Difficulty

among Union Men in Missouri-Mr. Lincoln's Opinion,

CHAPTER XXV.

PRIVATE LIFE AT THE WHITE HOUSE.

405

Mr. Lincoln at the White House-His Relations to the Members of the Cabinet-His

Health-His Love of Music-His Sympathy with the Soldiers-Anecdotes-His

Charity for Human Weakness-His Severity towards Deliberate and Mercenary

Crimes-Anecdotes-Mr. Lincoln's Religious Character-Death of his Son-Anec-

dotes illustrating his Religious Character-His Interest in the Christian Commis-

sion-Anecdotes-Visit of Two Hundred Members of the Christian Commission-

Remarks of Mr. Stuart, and the President's Reply-Mr. Lincoln's Interview with

Rev. J. T. Duryea-His Interest in the Efforts of Religious Men-His Habits at the

White House- Narrative of a Lady who urged him to establish Military Hospitals

in the Northern States-Injurious effects of Excessive Labor, Anxiety, and Loss

of Sleep-Visits of Representatives of various Churches and Public Bodies-His

Melancholy-Anecdotes-His Character,
429

CHAPTER XXVI.

SESSION OF CONGRESS, 1863-4.—SANITARY FAIRS.

The President's Message-Proclamation of Amnesty-Supplementary and Explanatory

Proclamation of March 24, 1864-Failure of the Bill establishing a Bureau of Freed-

men's Affairs, and of the Constitutional Amendment Abolishing Slavery-Repeal of

the Fugitive Slave Law-Debate in the House of Representatives on the Expulsion

of Long and Harris-Case of General F. P. Blair-U.S. Grant appointed Lieutenant-

general-Sanitary Fair at Baltimore-At Philadelphia-At the Patent-office in Wash-

ington-Visits and Speeches of the President-Order in reference to the Treatment

of Colored Soldiers-Speech of the President on the Subject, ....

CHAPTER XXVII.

457

PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN OF 1864.—RE-ELECTION OF

MR. LINCOLN.

'Presidential Election of 1861-State of the Country-Chase-Fremont-Convention at

Cleveland-J. C. Fremont nominated for President-His Reasons for Accepting

the Nomination-Withdrawal of his Name-Meeting in New York in Honor of Gen-

eral Grant-Baltimore Convention-Platform-Mr. Lincoln nominated for President

His Speech accepting the Nomination-Letter to the Committee of the Conven-

tion-Case of Arguelles-Congressional Plan of Reconstruction-The President's

Proclamation-Manifesto of Senators Wade and Davis-Peace Negotiations—Mr.

Greeley's Letters-Mr. Lincoln's Replies-Mr. Greeley at Niagara Falls-Consulta-

tions with Clay and Holcombe-The President's Letter to H. J. Raymond-Demo-

cratic Convention at Chicago-The Platform-MeClellan and Pendleton Nominated

--Vallandigham-Mr. Blair Retires from the Cab. et-Mr. Dennison appointed in

his Place-Mr. Lincoln's Speech on the Adoption of a Free Constitution in Mary-

land-Protest against the Tennessee Test Oath-The President's Reply-Call for

500,000 Men-President Lincoln Re-elected-His Letter to Mrs. Bixby,. . . . . 467

CHAPTER XXVIII.

MILITARY EVENTS OF 1864.—RE-INAUGURATION OF

MR. LINCOLN.

Military Operations of 1864-General Smith's Expedition from Memphis-Kilpatrick's

Raid-The Red River Expedition-Surrender of Fort Pillow-Battles of the Wil-

derness-General Butler at City Point-Siege of Petersburg-Sherman's Campaign.

in Georgia-Capture of Atlanta-Sherman's March for the Coast-Capture of Sa-

vannah-General Thomas defeats Hood in Tennessee-Sheridan defeats Early in

the Shenandoah Valley-Rout of Price in Missouri-Changes in the Cabinet-Death

of Chief-Justice Taney, and Appointment of Mr. Chase-Message of the President

-Passage by Congress of the Amendment to the Constitution abolishing Slavery

Call for 300,000 Men-Peace Conference in Hampton Roads-Mr. Lincoln's "Story"

-Close of President Lincoln's First Term-His Re-Inauguration-His Inaugural

Address-Resignation of Secretary Fessenden--Appointment of Mr. McCulloch-

Proclamation to Deserters-The Draft,

CHAPTER XXIX.

499

MILITARY EVENTS OF 1865.-CLOSE OF THE WAR.

Sherman's March-Occupation of Columbia-Evacuation of Charleston-Battles of

Averysboro and Bentonville-Occupation of Goldsboro-The President at City Point

-Advance of the Army of the Potomac-Defeat of General Lee-Evacuation of Rich-

mond-Its occupation by General Weitzel-Surrender of General Lee-The Pres-

ident and the Kittens-The President visits Richmond-His Interview with Judge

Campbell-Negotiations of General Sherman-Surrender of General Johnston-End

of the Rebellion-Joy of the People-Popularity of the President-His Speech at

the White House,.

506

Position of President Lincoln before the World-Plots for his Assassination-Letter of
Mr. Seward-The President's Interview with Speaker Colfax-His attendance at
Ford's Theater-Enthusiasm of the People on his Arrival-J. Wilkes Booth-His
Arrangements for the Assassination-Perpetration of the Deed-Escape of Booth-
Death of the President-Attack upon Mr. Seward and his Son-Profound Grief of
the Nation-Funeral Services at Washington-Departure of the Funeral Train for
Springfield-Ceremonies at Baltimore-At Harrisburg-At Philadelphia-At New
York-At Albany-At Buffalo-At Cleveland-At Columbus-At Chicago-Funeral
Services at Springfield-Foreign Expressions of Sympathy with the Nation, and
with Mr. Lincoln's Family--Mr. Johnson succeeds to the Presidency-Large Re-
wards offered for the apprehension of the Murderer-He is traced to his Hiding-
place and Killed-Capture and Trial of his Associates-Closing Tribute to the Char-
acter and Administration of Abraham Lincoln,
515