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cent for each package not exceeding four ounces in weight, and an additional charge of one cent is made for each additional four ounces, or fraction thereof, the postage to be paid quarterly or yearly in advance.

NEWS-DEALERS may send newspapers and periodicals to regular subscribers at the quarterly rates, in the same manner as publishers, and may also receive them from publishers at subscribers' rates. In both cases the postage to be prepaid, either at the mailing or delivery office.

Publications issued without disclosing the office of publication, or containing a fictitious statement thereof, must not be forwarded by postmasters unless prepaid at the mailing office at the rates of transient printed matter.

[All printed matter (except single copies of newspapers, magazines, and periodicals to regular subscribers) sent via Overland Mail, is to be charged at letter postage rates.] Books not over 4 oz. in weight, to one address, 4 cents; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., 8 cents; over 8 oz. and not over 12 oz., 12 cents; over 12 oz. and not over 16 oz., 16 cents.

CIRCULARS, not exceeding three in number, to one address, 2 cents; over three and not over six, 4 cents; over six and not over nine, 6 cents, over nine and not exceeding twelve, 8 cents.

ON MISCELLANEOUS MAILABLE MATTER (embracing all pamphlets, occasional publications, transient newspapers, handbills and posters, book manuscripts and proofsheets, whether corrected or not, maps, prints, engravings, sheet music, blanks, flexible patterns, samples and sample cards, phonographic paper, letter envelopes, postal envelopes or wrappers, cards, paper, plain or ornamental, photographic representations of different types, seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots and scions), the postage to be prepaid by stamps, is, on one package to one address, not over 4 oz. in weight, 2 cents; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., 4 cents; over 8 oz. and not over 12 oz., 6 cents; over 12 oz. and not over 16 oz., 8 cents.

By a recent order of the Postmaster-General, the fifth subdivision of the 42d instruction of the new post office law has been amended by striking out the word twelve and inserting thirty-two before the word ounces, so that it shall read as follows: "The weight of packages of seeds, cuttings, roots and scions, to be franked, is limited to thirty-two ounces."

All mail matter not sent at letter-rates of postage, embracing books, book manuscripts, proof-sheets, and other printed matter, and all other mail matter, except seeds, must be so wrapped or enveloped with open sides or ends as to enable the postmaster to examine the package without destroying the wrapper, otherwise such packages must be rated with letter postage. No communication, whether in writing or in print, can be sent with any seeds, roots, cuttings, or scions, maps, engravings, or other matter not printed, except upon the separate payment of postage upon each separate matter at the established rates.

Exchange newspapers and periodicals cannot be remailed without being chargeable with postage.

Where packages of newspapers or periodicals are received at any post office directed to one address, and the names of the club of subscribers to which they belong, with the postage for a quarter in advance, shall be handed to the postmaster, he shall deliver the same to their respective owner. But this does not apply to weekly newspapers which circulate free in the county where printed and published.

Weekly newspapers and all other printed matter to the British North American Provinces, although sent from countries bordering on the line, are chargeable with the same rates as when sent to any point in the United States.

All transient matter must be prepaid by stamps. But if it comes to the office of delivery without prepayment or short-paid, the unpaid postage must be paid on delivery at double the prepaid rate.

To enclose or conceal a letter or other thing (except bills and receipts for subscription) in, or to write or print anything, after its publication, upon any newspaper, pamphlet, magazine or other printed matter, is illegal, and subjects such printed matter, and the entire package of which it is a part, to letter postage.

Any word or communication, whether by printing, writing, marks, or signs upon the cover or wrapper of a newspaper, pamphlet, magazine or other printed matter,

other than the name or address of the person to whom it is to be sent, and the date when subscription expires, and a business card printed on the wrapper subjects the package to letter postage.

The rates of postage to Foreign Countries are so numerous, so various, and so changeable, that it has not been deemed expedient to print them in this place, but the particulars can always be found at the local post offices.

NAVY DEPARTMENT.

The duties of this Department are distributed through the Secretary's office and eight bureaus, namely: Bureau of Yards and Docks; Bureau of Navigation; Bureau of Ordnance: Bureau of Construction and Repair; Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting; Bureau of Provisions and Clothing; Bureau of Steam Engineering; and Bureau of Medicine and Surgery.

SECRETARY'S OFFICE.

The Secretary of the Navy has charge of everything connected with the naval establishment, and all the duties of the several bureaus are performed under his authority, and their orders are considered as emanating from him. The Secretary issues all instructions to commanders of squadrons and vessels; appointments of officers; commis. sions; requisitions for money, etc. The general superintendence of the Marine Corps attaches to the Secretary, and the orders of the commandant of that corps are approved by him. He is assisted in his duties by one Assistant Secretary.

OFFICE OF YARDS AND DOCKS.

This bureau has charge of the navy yards, including the docks, wharves, buildings, and machinery; the regulation of labor, and the general police of the yard. The Naval Asylum is attached to this bureau.

OFFICE OF NAVIGATION.

This bureau has charge of the maps, charts, navigating instruments, flags, signals, etc. The Naval Academy, Naval Observatory, and Nautical Almanac are attached to it.

OFFICE OF ORDNANCE.

This bureau has charge of ordnance and ordnance stores, the manufacture and purchase of cannon, guns, powder, shot, shell, etc.

OFFICE OF CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR.

This bureau has charge of the construction and repair of all vessels-of-war.

OFFICE OF EQUIPMENT AND RECRUITING.

This bureau has charge of the enlistment of men for the Navy; the equipment of vessels, including anchors, cables, rigging, sails, coal, etc.

OFFICE OF PROVISIONS AND CLOTHING.

All provisions for the use of the navy, clothing, and small stores, come under the charge of this bureau.

OFFICE OF STEAM ENGINEERING.

The construction and repair of steam engines for the Navy, whether in the navy yards or on contract, come under this bureau.

OFFICE OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY.

Everything relating to medicines and medical stores, treatment of sick and wounded, management of hospitals, etc., comes within the superintendence of this ureau.

MARINE CORPS.

This corps is attached to the navy, and the immediate supervision of all the duties connected with it is vested in a colonel commandant, whose orders for duty are approved by the Secretary of the Navy. Attached to the corps is one quartermaster, two assistant-quartermasters, one adjutant and inspector, and one paymaster, with the duties usually appertaining to such offices.

WAR DEPARTMENT.

This Department is in charge of the Secretary of War, and one regular Assistant. The following bureaus are attached to this Department :

COMMANDING-GENERAL'S OFFICE.

The duties of this officer comprise the arrangement of the military forces, and the superintendence of the recruiting service; he attends to the discipline of the army; orders courts-martial; and it is his province to see that the laws and regulations of the army are enforced. This office is usually located in Washington, but wherever it may be, it is called the Head-quarters of the Army.

ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE.

In this office are kept all the records which refer to the personnel of the army, the rolls, etc., and where all military commissions are made out; all orders which emanate from Headquarters or the War Department proper, pass through this office; and here are received all the annual returns from the army and militia of the United States.

QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL'S OFFICE.

The objects of this bureau are to insure an efficient system of supply, and to give facility and effect to the movements and operations of the army. It also has control of the barracks, and furnishes the clothing and all transportation that may be required for the army.

PAYMASTER-GENERAL'S OFFICE.

All the disbursements in money are made to the army from this office.

COMMISSARY-GENERAL'S OFFICE.

This office is charged with the duty of purchasing and issuing all rations to the army.

SURGEON-GENERAL'S OFFICE.

All matters connected with medicine and surgery, are under the control of this office, as well as the management of the sick and wounded, and also all the hospitals.

ENGINEER'S OFFICE.

In addition to a general direction of all matters connected with the Engineer Corps of the army, this office is also charged with the care of the Military Academy at West Point.

TOPOGRAPHICAL OFFICE.

This bureau has charge of all topographical operations and surveys for military purposes, and for purposes of internal improvement, and of all maps, drawings, and documents relating to those duties.

ORDNANCE OFFICE.

This office is charged with the control of the arsenals and armories, and has the superintendence of the manufacture of the arms and cannon, and the custody of all ordnance stores.

OFFICE OF REFUGEES AND FREEDMEN.

This office is in charge of a Major-General of the army, who has several assistants, including a Commissioner and a Commissary of Subsistence.

To the above should be added the Bureau of Military Justice, that of the InspectorGeneral, and that of the Signal Corps of the Army, whose several duties will be readily understood.

THE

SEVERAL STATES AND TERRITORIES

OF THE

AMERICAN UNION.

THE THIRTEEN ORIGINAL STATES THAT FORMED AND CONFIRMED THE UNION, BY THE ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION, ARE AS FOLLOWS:

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

First settled at Dover and Portsmouth, in 1623, by the English Puritans. Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same jurisdiction until September 18, 1679, when a separate charter and government was granted. A Constitution was formed January 5, 1776, which was altered in 1784, and was further altered and amended February 13, 1792.

This State ratified the Constitution of the United States June 21, 1788.
Area, 9,280 square miles. Population in 1850, 317,976; 1860, 326,073.

MASSACHUSETTS.

First settled at Plymouth, by English Puritans from Holland, who landed December 22, 1620.

Chartered March 4, 1629; also chartered January 13, 1630; an explanatory charter granted August 20, 1726; and more completely chartered October 7, 1731. Formed a Constitution March 2, 1780, which was altered and amended November 3, 1820, and on several occasions since that time.

Ratified the Constitution of the United States February 6, 1788.
Area, 7,800 square miles. Population in 1850, 994,514; 1860, 1,231,066.

RHODE ISLAND.

First settled at Providence, in 1636, by Roger Williams.

Was chartered by Parliament in 1644; by King Charles II. in 1663, which charter was abrogated in 1776. Had an unwritten Constitution until 1842, when a written Constitution was adopted.

Ratified the Constitution of the United States May 29, 1790.

Area 1,306 square miles. Population in 1850, 147,545; 1860, 174,621.

CONNECTICUT.

First settled at Windsor, in 1635, by English Puritans.

Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same jurisdiction until April 23, 1662, when a separate charter was granted, which continued in force until a Constitution was formed, September 15, 1818.

Ratified the Constitution of the United States January 9, 1788.

Area 4,750 square miles. Population in 1850, 370,792; 1860, 460,147.

NEW YORK.

First settled on Manhattan Island, in 1614, by the Dutch.

Granted to Duke of York, March 20, 1664, April 26, 1664, and June 24, 1664. Newly patented, February 9, 1674; formed a Constitution, April 20, 1777, which was amended October 27, 1801, and further amended November 10, 1821. A new Constitution was formed in 1846.

Ratified the Constitution of the United States July 26, 1788.

Area 47,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 3,097,394; 1860, 3,880,735.

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