to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committees on Territories and on Foreign Affairs. He took part in the Great Rebellion as a General, and was killed at the battle of Sharpsburg, September 17, 1862.

Brandegee, Augustus.-He was born in New London, Connecticut, July 15, 1828; graduated at Yale College in 1849, and at the Yale Law School in 1851; adopted the profession of law; was elected in 1854, 1858, 1859, and 1861, a member of the Counecticut Legislature, having been chosen Speaker in the latter year; in 1861, he was a Presidential Elector, and was elected a Representative from Connecticut to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Naval Affairs and Expenditures on Public Buildings, and also as Chairman of a special Committee on the Air-line Railroad from Washington to New York. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, Revolutionary Pensions, and the Postal Railroad to New York. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866.

-

He was

Brayton, William D. born in Warwick, Kent County, Rhode Island, November 6, 1815. He was educated at Brown University, and, ill health preventing him from following a sedentary profession, he entered into active mercantile pursuits; he held the position for some time of Town Clerk; was elected in 1841 to the State Assembly, serving two terms; after serving for two years in the Town Councils, part of the time as President, he was in 1848 elected to the State Senate; again elected to the State Assembly in 1851; elected a second time to the Senate in 1855, was Presidential Elector in 1856; and was elected a member from Rhode Island of the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Patents and as Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures on the Public Buildings.

Braxton, Carter. Born on the Mattapony River, Virginia, September 10, 1736; graduated at the College of William and Mary; inheriting a large fortune, he spent three years in England; in 1760, he was elected to the House of Burgesses, in which he was conspicuous; was Sheriff of King and Queen County for a time; on the commencement of the war, he was a member of the Committee of Safety; was a Delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress in 1776, and signed the Declaration of Independence; after that service, frequently served in the Virginia Legislature; and, having lost his large

property by the war, was, subsequently, greatly perplexed in his financial circumstances. Died at Richmond, Virginia, of paralysis, October 10, 1797.

Breck, Daniel.-He was born near Boston, Massachusetts, in 1788; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1812; he studied law, and removed to Kentucky in 1814; soon after commenced the practice of his profession there. His first public position in Kentucky was that of Judge of a County Court; in 1824 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected five years; from 1835 until 1843 he was President of the Branch Bank of Kentucky, at Richmond; in 1840 he was a Presidential Elector; in 1843 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Kentucky; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Manufactures. The degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by the Transylvania University in 1843, and he has attained the title of Colonel in the Militia service. After leaying Congress he resumed the office of Bank President.

Breckinridge, James D.-He was born in Jefferson County, Kentucky, and. was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1823. He died at Louisville, May, 1849.

Breckinridge, John. - Was a Virginian by birth, and the author and advocate of the celebrated "Resolutions of 1798-'99" in the Legislature of that State. Emigrating to Kentucky, he was elected United States Senator in 1801, and was appointed Attorney-General of the United States, by President Jefferson, in January 1805, holding that office until January, 1806. One of his sons, Robert C. Breckinridge, is a distinguished Presbyterian divine; another, John Cabell Breckinridge, was an eminent lawyer, and the father of Vice-President Breckinridge. He died at Lexington, Kentucky, December 14, 1806.

Breckinridge, John C.-He was born near Lexington, Kentucky, January 16, 1821; was educated at Centre College, Kentucky; spent a few months at Princeton; studied law at the Transylvania Institute, and was admitted to the bar at Lexington. He emigrated to Burlington, Iowa, where he remained for a time, but returned to Lexington, where he has since

resided, and when not engaged in public duties has practised his profession with success. He served as a Major of Infantry during the war with Mexico, and while in that country distinguished himself as the counsel of Major-General Pillow during the famous court-martial. Ou his return from Mexico he was elected to the State Legislature; and was a Representative in Congress, from the Ashland District, from 1851 to 1855. During his administration, President Pierce tendered to him the mission to Spain; but family affairs compelled him to decline the honor. He was elected Vice-President of the United States in 1856, on the ticket with James Buchanan, and entered upon the duties of his office in March, 1857, as President of the United States Senate. In 1861 he went into the Senate as the successor of Mr. Crittenden. In 1860 he was nominated by the Southern Democratic party as their candidate for President, but was defeated. He was expelled from the Senate on the 4th December, 1861; and took part in the Great Rebellion as a General.

Breese, Sidney. - He was born in Whitesborough, Oneida County, New York. July 15, 1800. He attended Hamilton College, but graduated at Union College. He removed to Illinois, and, after due preparation, and before becoming of age, was admitted to the bar. His first public position was that of Captain of Militia, after which he became Assistant Secretary of State under Secretary Kane, and was appointed Postmaster of Kaskaskia. In 1822 he was appointed State Attorney, which office he held until 1827, when he was appointed Attorney of the United States for Illinois. In 1829 he published a volume of Decisions of the Supreme Court, which now bears his name, and was the first octavo volume published in the State; he served in the Black Hawk war as a Lieutenant of Volunteers.

In 1835 he was elected a Circuit Judge. He was a Senator in Congress, from Illinois, from 1843 to 1849 and officiated as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands; he was a Regent of the Smithsonian Institute during President Polk's administration. In 1850 he went into the Illinois Legislature, and was elected Speaker. He was one of the originators of the Illinois Central Railroad. In 1855 he was again placed under the Circuit Court bench, and having been made Chief Judge, still holds the position.

Brengle, Francis.—He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Died December 10, 1846.

tor in Congress from 1809 to 1814. He died December 30, 1814.

Brent, William L.- He was born in Charles County, Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1823 to 1829. Died in July, 1848.

Brenton, Samuel.-He was a native of Gallatin County, Kentucky; was a Minister of the Gospel from the age of twenty until 1848, when, stricken by paralysis, he resigned, and was appointed Register of the Fort Wayne Land Office. He was elected to Congress, from Indiana, in 1851, and again in 1855. He was also President of the Fort Wayne College. He died March 29, 1857, aged forty-eight years.

Brevard, James.-He was born in Iredell County, North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1819 to 1821.

Brewster, David P.-He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1843.

Bridges, George W.-Was born in McMinn County, Tennessee, October 9, 1825; was educated at the East Tennessee University; adopted the profession of law; was Attorney-General of the State in 1849 and in 1854, holding the office for eleven years; held the positions of Bank Attorney and Railroad Director; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; was elected a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, in 1861, to serve in the Thirtyseventh Congress; but, having been arrested by the " Confederates" during the Rebellion, did not take his seat until towards the close of the last session.

Bridges, Samuel A.-He was born in Colchester, Connecticut, January 27, 1802; received an academic education, and graduated at Williamstown College in 1826; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1829. In 1830 he removed to Pennsylvania; was for seven years Deputy Attorney-General of the State for Lehigh County; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1848 to 1849, and from 1853 to 1855.

Briggs, George. - He was born in Fulton County, New York, in 1805, but removed to Vermont in 1813, to the Legislature of which State he was elected in 1837. In 1838 he settled in the City of New York, and for many years devoted himself to the hardware business, by which he amassed a fortune. He represented the City of New York in Congress, from 1849 to 1853, and in 1858 was elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary

Claims. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866.

Briggs, George N.-He was born in Adams, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, April 12, 1796; commenced life by learning the trade of a hatter; spent one year in an academy; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1818; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1831 to 1843, officiating during the Twentyseventh Congress as Chairman of the Committee on the Post Office; and from 1844 to 1851 was Governor of Massachusetts. From 1853 to 1859 he also held the position of Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; having been a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1853, and Register of Deeds from 1824 to 1831. He was a Trustee of Williams College for sixteen years; a noted advocate of the Temperance Cause; died in 1861 from the effects of an accident received from a gun; and an interesting biography of him was published in 1866, by Rev. Wm. C. Richards.

Brigham, Elijah.-He was a native of Northborough, Massachusetts; a graduate of Dartmouth College in 1778; studied law at Harvard; was a inerchant by occupation; held many positions of trust and responsibility; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1816, when he resigned. He died in Washington City, of croup, April 22, 1816, aged sixty-six years.

Bright, Jesse D.-Born at Norwich, Chenango County, New York, December 18, 1812; received an academic education, and studied law as a profession. He was Circuit Judge of Indiana, State Senator, Marshal of the United States for the District of Indiana, and Lieutenant-Governor of that State. He was a United States Senator from Indiana, from 1845 to 1857, and President of the Senate during several sessions. He was elected for an additional term in 1857, for six years, and was Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, and a member of the ComImittees on Finance and the Pacific Railroad. Expelled for disloyalty in February, 1862. He subsequently settled in Kentucky and was elected to the Senate of that State.

Brinkerhoff, Henry R.-He was born in Adams County, Pennsylvania, in 1788, and emigrated at an early period to New York. During the last war with England he served in command of a volunteer company, and distinguished himself at the battle of Queenstown. He was twice elected to the New York Legislature, and for many years held the office of Major-General of the New York Militia. In 1837 he removed to Ohio, and was elected to Congress, as Representative

from that State, in 1843, but died before the expiration of his term, in Huron County, Ohio, April 30, 1844.

Brinkerhoff, Jacob.-He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1843 to

1847.

Bristow, Francis M.-Born near Nicholasville, Jessamine County, Kentucky, August 11, 1804; received a good English education; studied law, but divided his time between that profession and farming; in 1831 and 1833 he was elected to the Kentucky Legislature; in 1846 to the State Senate; in 1849 was a member of the State Constitutional Convention; in 1854 was elected a Representative in Congress for the unexpired term of Presley Ewing; and in 1859 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture and of the Special Committee of Thirty-three. Died at Elkton, Kentucky, June 10, 1864.

Broadhead, John C.-He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1833, and again from 1837 to 1839.

Brockenbrough, William H.Born in 1813; he originally went to Florida for the benefit of his health, which, during his residence there, was a continual depression upon his physical and mental energies. He, however, held no undistinguished position as a citizen, having been, under the Territorial government, a Senator from the Western District, and at one time President of the Senate, also United States District Attorney, and a Representative in Congress, from Florida, from 1845 to 1847. He was also a Presidential Elector on several occasions; and he died in Tallahassee, Florida, in June, 1850, of pulmonary consumption.

Brockway, John H.-Born in Ellington, Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1820; he commenced active life by teaching the academy at East Windsor Hill; he studied law, and has been devoted to the practice of the profession ever since. He has frequently served in the two Houses of the State Legislature, and was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1839 to 1843.

Broderick, David C.-Born in the District of Columbia, of Irish parentage, in December, 1818; when a boy of five years removed to New York City with his father; during his youth he was apprenticed to the trade of a stone-cutter, which was the trade of his father; was for many years foreman of a fire-engine company in

New York, during which period he was an active politician; removed to California in 1849, and engaged in the business of smelting and assaying gold; was a member of the Convention which draughted the Constitution of that State; served two years in the California Senate, and was President of that body in 1851; and he was elected a Senator in Congress, from California, in 1856, for the long term, taking his seat during the second session of the Thirty-fourth Congress. Died in San Francisco, California, September 16, 1859. from a wound received in a duel fought with David S. Terry, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of that State, on the 13th of the same month. He was the first member of the United States Senate ever killed in a duel; and it is said that some of the marble pillars in the old Senate Chamber, where he had a seat, were cut by his own father.

Brodhead, John C.-He was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church for forty-four years, and a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1829 to 1833. He died at New Market, New Hampshire, April 7, 1838, aged sixty-seven years.

Brodhead, Richard. - He was a native of Pike County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1849, and a Senator of the United States from 1851 to 1857, from Pennsylvania. Died at Easton, Pennsylvania, September 17, 1863.

Bromwell, Henry P. H.-Born in Baltimore, Maryland, August 26, 1823; spent seven years of his boyhood in Ohio; went with his father to Illinois in 1836; received a good English and classical education; studied law, came to the bar in 1853, and practised in different parts of the State; from 1852 to 1854 he was the publisher and editor of the "Age of Steam and Fire," at Vandalia; in 1853 he was elected Judge of Fayette County for four years; was a Presidential Elector in 1860, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Patents, Expenses in the State Department and the Civil Service. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures.

Bronson, David.--Born in Suffield, Connecticut; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1819; studied law and admitted to the bar in 1823; was a member of the Legislature, as Representative, in 1832 and 1834, and as Senator in 1846; and was a Representative in Congress, from Norridgewock, Maine, from 1841 to 1843, and served as a member of the Committee on Public Lands. From 1850 to 1853, he was Collector of Customs at Bath, Maine;

and from 1854 to 1857 was Judge of Probate for Sagadahock County. Died in Talbot County, Maryland, in November, 1863.

Bronson, Isaac H.-Born in Rutland, New York, October 16, 1802, and died at Pilatka, Florida, August 13, 1855. He was educated for the bar, and admitted to practise in 1822; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1837 to 1839, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Territories, when he was appointed one of the Territorial Judges of Florida, and from that time until his death he served continually on the bench; at the time of his death being District Judge of the United States for Northern Florida.

Brooke, Walter.-He was a Senator in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1852, to 1853, in place of H. S. Foote, resigned. Took part in the Rebellion.

Brooks, David.-Was born in 1736; entered the army in 1776 as a Lieutenant in the Pennsylvania line; was captured at Fort Washington, and remained a prisoner for two years. Upon being exchanged, he was promoted Assistant Clothier General at head-quarters,-an office of responsibility, which he so filled as to secure the friendship of Washington. After the close of the war he removed to New York, and afterwards settled in Duchess County, representing each locality in the State Legislature. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from May, 1797, to July, 1797; a Commissioner for making the first treaty with the Seneса Indians (signed where the city of Utica now stands), and subsequently first Judge of Duchess County for sixteen years. He died at his home, where he was universally esteemed, in August, 1838.

Brooks, James. - He was born in Portland, Maine, November 10, 1810. When only eleven years old he became a clerk in a store; when sixteen was a school teacher, and at the age of nearly twenty-one he graduated at the Waterville College. He has been an extensive traveller both in this country and Europe, and has published a large number of letters descriptive of his tours. In 1835 he was elected to the Legislature of Maine; in 1836 he established the "New York Daily Express," of which he has since been the chief editor and proprietor; in 1847 he was elected a member of the New York Legislature, and from 1849 to 1853 he was a Representative in Congress, from the city of New York, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Re-elected to the

Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Ways and Means and the Pacific Railroad, but his seat was successfully contested by W. E. Dodge. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866; and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Ways and Means, Reconstruction and on Rules. He was also a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1867.

Brooks, Micah. He was born in Cheshire, Connecticut, in 1775; was educated by his father, with whom he removed to Western New York, and where he taught school. He settled on a farm, but was a Justice of the Peace in 1806, and for twenty years thereafter he was a County Judge. He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1808 and 1809; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1815 to 1817; a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1821; and a Presidential Elector in 1824. He died in Livingston County, New York, July 7, 1857.

Brooks, Preston S.-He was born in Edgefield District, South Carolina, in August, 1819; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1839; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1843, and was a State Representative in 1844. In 1846 he raised a company of volunteers, was made Captain, and served in the Palmetto regiment during most of the Mexican war. After the war he devoted himself to planting. He was elected to Congress in 1853, and again in 1855. In 1856 he made a personal assault upon Charles Sumner, in the United States Senate Chamber, which event caused much excitement throughout the country. The attack was caused by words uttered in debate by Senator Sumner against A. P. Butler, who was Mr. Brooks' relative. He died in Washington, District of Columbia, January 27, 1857.

Broom, Jacob.-He was born in Baltimore, Maryland, July 25, 1808; received a classical education; on removing to Pennsylvania, was appointed, in 1840, Deputy Auditor of that State; in 1849 he was elected Clerk of the Orphan's Court for the City and County of Philadelphia; and was elected a Representive, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Died in Washington in November, 1864.

Broomall, John M.-Was born in Upper Chichester, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, January 19, 1816; received a good classical and mathematical education in the schools of the Quakers, to which his family had belonged for several generations; studied law, and was devoted to that profession; served in the

Legislature of the State; was a Presidential Elector in 1861; and in 1862 was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committees on Accounts and Public Expenditures; reelected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures, on Accounts, and on the Memphis Riots; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Accounts.

Broome, James M.-He was Representative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1805 to 1807; graduated at Princeton College in 1794.

Brown, Aaron V.-Born in Brunswick County, Virginia, August 15, 1795. He graduated at Chapel Hill University in 1814, and in 1815 removed with his parents to Tennessee, where he devoted himself to the study of law; and, when admitted to practice, became a partner of the late James K. Polk, in Giles County, serving in the mean time for a number of years in the Legislature of Tennessee. In 1839 he was elected a member of Congress, from Tennessee, and re-elected in 1841 and 1843. On his retirement from Congress, in 1845, he was elected Governor of Tennessee; and he was at all times considered one of the most faithful and industrious leaders of the Democratic party in Tennessee. His last position was that of Postmaster-General in the cabinet of President Buchanan. Among the measures which marked his administration of our postal affairs may be mentioned the establishment of a new and shorter oceanic communication to California, by Tehuantepec; of the great overland mail from Memphis and St. Louis to San Francisco, and another, across the continent, by the way of Salt Lake. His speeches, congressional and political, were published at Nashville, in 1854. He died in Wash ington, March 8, 1859.

Brown, Albert G.-He was born in Chester District, South Carolina, May 31, 1813; taken to Mississippi when a boy; adopted the law as a profession; was a member of the State Legislature from 1835 to 1839; and was a Representative in Congress, from Mississippi, in 1840 and 1841. He was also a Judge of the Circuit Superior Court in 1852 and 1853; Governor of Mississippi from 1844 to 1848; was again elected a Representative in Congress, from 1848 to 1854; was elected a United States Senator from 1854 to 1858; and re-elected for six years, commencing March 4, 1859, but was expelled in March, 1861, and joined the Great Rebellion. He was Chairman of the Committee on the District of Columbia in the Thirty-fifth Congress, and a member of