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Frenchman, Stinking Water, to Ogallala on the South Platte, up the South Platte to Chug Water by Big Springs, Julesburg up Pole Creek to Sydney, Pine Bluff, Horse Creek and to Chug Water.

Among those who traveled with me on the trail and whom I met in Kansas were: Eli Baggett, Eli Williams, John Merritt, Tom Christian and Doc Day, Littlefield and Dilworth, Tom Mayhorn, Geo. Hodges, Jesse McCoy, Joe Murrany, Dunn and Bob Houston, Ab Denmark, Matt Patten, Sam Tate, Bill Colley, Dick Dismuke, Jim Tally, Gordon McGriffin, Uncle Jim Ellison, Alonzo Millett, Captain Millett, Hy. Millett, Bill Jackman, Mark Withers, Alex Magee, Dick Withers, Monroe Hardeman, Bob Jennings, John, Bill and Ab Blocker, Jenks Blocker, Henry Maley, Geo. Saunders, Dick Crew, John Little, Geo. Hill, Joe Crouch, Ben Gilman, Charles, Henry, Mike and Joe Shiner, Geo. Burrows, Dick Edwards, Rufe Walker, John Doak, Jim Currey, Will Peacock, Waddy Peacock, Jim Matthews, Bob Savage, Doc Rabb, Bud Chapmann, Solomon Tuttle, Bud and Tobe Driskill, Dal, Cell, Till and Jess Driskill, Hy. Patterson, Kingsbury and Holmesly, John Good, Mont Woodward, Lou O'Shea, Steve Birchfield, Bill Birchfield, Geo. Arnett, Gus Black, Billy Henson, Ace Cutcherfield, Bill Lytle, Finis Bates, Jeff Woodley, Joe Glenn, Jim and Charley Boyce, Noah Ellis, Mack Stewart, Walter Polley, Jim Dobie, Dillard Fant, Sam Glenn, Wallace Fant, Levi Anderson, Al and Dave Hughes, Henry Griffin, Jerry Ellis, "Black Bill" Montgomery, Doc Burnett, John Gamel, Billy Childress, John Slaughter, Joe Matthews, Meyer Halff, Bill Butler, Lott and Virgin Johnson, Everett and Willie Johnson, Tom Newton, Bill Waugh, Mose Stephenson, Henry Yegge, Henry Earnest, Ike, Sol and George West, Allen Harris, Jesse Evans, John Kenedy, Ira Word, John Morrow, John Frazier, Sam Willson, Ben and Bill Choate, Nat Word, George Reno, Sebe Jones, John Dolan, Bill Murchison, Jim Rowden, Bill Perryman, Jim Reel, Tom Merrill,

Uncle Henry Stephens, Jake DePoyster, Cal Mayfield, Col. Risinger, Jack Morris, Willie O'Brien, Bill and Campbell Fountain, Ike Hill, "Aus" Franks, Coleman (Uncle Coley) Lyons, Bob Ragsdale, C. H. Tardy, Nat Haynes, Bob Turner, "Eb" Stewart, Wash Mitchell, Jim Townsend, Bob Miller, Clint Lewis, Perry Thompson, "Uncle" Ed Lyons, Joe Cotulla, Sam Camp, W. S. (Bill) Hall, Lee Harris, Bill Irvin, Lee Trimble, Ben Borroum.

In 1908 I drove the last big herd to San Antonio, 1,300 head for D. & A. Oppenheimer, and delivered them to Tom Coleman at his feed pens. Dan kicked about driving so many in one herd and only a few years before he would not think of starting on a drive with only 1,300 cattle.

FROM TEXAS TO THE OREGON LINE

By W. A. Peril, Harper, Texas

I was born in Benton County, Mo., in 1845, and moved to Burnet County, Texas, with my parents in 1858, where we resided until 1861, when we moved to Gillespie County, with a small bunch of cattle which my father had bought in Milam County.

In 1862 I went with a party and bought a herd of cattle from the Toutout Beauregard ranch, forty miles below San Antonio, which we drove to Gillespie County, camping at Powder House Hill on our way up. In 1864 I went down into Mexico with a herd, going

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W. A. PERIL

by way of Fort McKavett, passing near the head of the South Concho River, by way of Horsehead Crossing, on the Pecos, to old Fort Stockton, on to Presidio del Norte, on the Rio Grande in Mexico.

In 1868 I went with W. C. Lewis with a herd of beeves for the government, to be delivered at old Fort Hudson, on Devil's River. We went by way of Kerrville, Bandera, Uvalde, Fort Clark and San Felipe Springs (Del Rio).

In 1869 George T. Dorris & Son of St. Louis, and Felix Dorris of Montana, contracted with W. C. Lewis of Fredericksburg, and Pleas Oatman of San Antonio, for 1,700 head of beeves and 150 stock cattle to be delivered to them at Salado Springs in Bell County, and I was employed to help make the delivery in four herds. Lewis took one herd from Crabapple Creek, in Gillespie; I took one herd from near Loyal Valley; Old Man Hoerster took one from Mason, and John Oatman one from Llano. They were all old, wild longhorns, from five to fifteen years old, and we had to brand them on the horns and saw off the point of the left horn when we delivered them. The Dorris Company then hired me to go to Montana with the herd, and we went by Belton, Waco, Cleburne, Fort Worth, Gainesville, Fort Arbuckle, east of Wichita, to Abilene, Kansas. We had to swim all the rivers from the Brazos to the Republican. We had a boat on one of our wagons to carry our camp outfit and the boys who could not swim crossed the rivers in it. We had many rainstorms and stampedes before we reached Kansas, but I will not undertake to describe them. After we left Abilene we drove north, crossing the Republican River, the Big and Little Blue Stocking, the Platte at Fort Kearney, thence up the Platte by Fort McPherson to Julesburg, up Lodge Pole Creek to Cheyenne City; through Cheyenne Pass and over the mountains to Laramie City; on around the base of the mountains by Elk Mountain; crossing the North Platte where it flowed out.

of the mountains; then through Bridger Pass on down Bitter Creek to Green River. At Green River Station we had a snowstorm, and the owners decided to winter at Brown's Hole, about seventy-five miles down Green River. Two tribes of Ute Indians came in and camped near us the following spring. They moved out before we did and took some of our horses with them. That winter we had to cut ice for the cattle to get water. We moved out from there about the first of May, 1870, when the snow was melting, and had to swim streams again. We went back to Green River Station and there the owners decided to drive the cattle to Nevada. We took the California and Oregon route west to the parting of the ways near old Fort Bridger, taking the northern route down Bear River, through Bear Lake Valley, Soda Springs, on down to Snake River to where the old routes divided, then followed the California route, crossing the Portneff, Goose Creek, Raft River, through the City of Rocks, Thousand Springs Valley to Humboldt Wells, down the Humboldt River to Lassen's Meadows. They shipped all of the cattle that were fat to San Francisco, and I took 500 head up near the Oregon line and kept them until the spring of 1871, when we rounded them up and sold them on the range, and I started for Texas via the railroad route, passing through Winnemucca, Nevada, Ogden, Utah, and Cheyenne, Wyoming, coming on through Denver, Kansas City and St. Louis; by boat down the Mississippi to New Orleans and Galveston; to Columbus by rail, to San Antonio by stage, and then went to my home in Gillespie County on horseback.

AN OLD FRONTIERSMAN TELLS HIS EXPERIENCE

By Joe Chapman, Benton, Texas

I was born in Tennessee, February 18, 1854, and came to Texas with my parents when I was about five years

old. My father stopped in Parker County for a short time, then bought a tract of land in Jack County, nine miles north of Jacksboro, on Hall's Creek, and opened up a fine farm there. At that time we were on the extreme frontier, and the country was infested with hostile Indians, who made raids almost every full moon, and we had to keep our horses locked with trace chains to trees in the yard to keep the redskins from stealing them. In July, 1860, my father was waylaid and killed by the Indians, while he was out deer hunting in a little ravine near home. This tragedy happened just at sundown, and was so near home I heard his gun fire, and we all thought he was shooting a deer. But when he failed to return we became uneasy and gave the alarm, and next morning the neighbors found his body. He had been shot eighteen times with arrows, scalped, and his clothing taken. His gun had been broken off at the breech, evidently in the hand-to-hand struggle that took place when the Indians closed in upon him.

Some time previous to the killing of my father, the Indians had murdered a man named Cooley, our nearest neighbor, three miles away. Also in the same year one of the Browning boys over on the West Fork was killed and his brother shot through the breast with an arrow. Before that the Loss Valley murder took place, in which several women and children were killed, one of the women, Mrs. Cameron, being scalped and left for dead, but recovered. After father's death we went back down in Parker County and remained there until the winter of 1861-2, then moved to Cooke County, and often had to leave there on account of the Indians, sometimes going as far east as Collin County.

In 1863, on Christmas day, the Indians made a raid on the head of Elm, where the large town of Saint Jo now stands, and all of the people went to the old Spanish fort on Red River for protection. They killed many people and stole lots of stock in this raid. I knew a little

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