divisions, and harassed by foreign wars-France with her mighty. monarchy perpetually at war. Compare the peasants of Switzerland with those of any other mighty nation; you will find them far more happy: for one civil war among them, there have been five or six among other nations: their attachment to their country, and to freedom, their resolute intrepidity in their defence, the consequent security and happiness which they have. enjoyed, and the respect and awe which these things produce in their bordering nations, have signalized those republicans. Their valor, sir, has been active; everything that sets in motion the springs of the human heart, engaged them to the protection of their inestimable privileges. They have not only secured their own liberty, but have been the arbiters of the fate of other people. Here, sir, contemplate the triumph of republican governments over the pride of monarchy. I acknowledge, sir, that the necessity of national defence has prevailed in invigorating their councils and arms, and has been, in a considerable degree, the means of keeping these honest people together. But, sir, they have had wisdom enough to keep together and render themselves formidable. Their heroism is proverbial. They would heroically fight for their government, and their laws. One of the illumined sons of these times would not fight for those objects. Those virtuous and simple people have not a mighty and splendid president, nor enormously expensive navies and armies to support. No, sir, those brave republicans have acquired their reputation no less by their undaunted intrepidity, than by the wisdom of their frugal and economical policy. Let us follow their example, and be equally happy. The honorable member advises us to adopt a measure which will destroy our bill of rights: for, after hearing his picture of nations, and his reasons for abandoning all the powers retained to the states by the confederation, I am more firmly persuaded of the impropriety of adopting this new plan in its present shape.

THE APPEAL TO ARMS.-DICKINSON.

OUR cause is just. Our union is perfect. Our internal resources are great, and, if necessary, foreign assistance is undoubtedly attainable. We gratefully acknowledge, as signal instances. of Divine favor towards us, that His providence would not permit us to be called into this severe controversy until we were grown up to our present strength, had been previously exercised in warlike operations, and possessed the means of defending ourselves. With hearts fortified by these animating reflections, we most solemnly, before God and the world, DECLARE that, exerting the utmost energy of those powers which our beneficent Creator has graciously bestowed upon us, the arms we have been compelled by our enemies to assume, we will, in defiance of every hazard, with unabating firmness and perseverance, employ for the preservation of our liberties; being with one mind resolved to die freemen rather than to live slaves.

Lest this declaration should disquiet the minds of our friends and fellow-subjects in any part of the empire, we assure them that we mean not to dissolve that union which has so long and so happily subsisted between us, and which we sincerely wish to see restored. Necessity has not yet driven us into that desperate measure, or induced us to excite any other nation to war against them. We have not raised armies with ambitious designs of separating from Great Britain, and establishing independent states. We fight not for glory or for conquest. We exhibit to mankind the remarkable spectacle of a people attacked by unprovoked enemies, without any imputation or even suspicion of offence. They boast of their privileges and civilization, and yet proffer no milder conditions than servitude or death.

In our own native land, in defence of the freedom that is our birth-right, and which we ever enjoyed till the late violation of it-for the protection of our property, acquired solely by the honest industry of our forefathers and ourselves, against violence actually offered, we have taken up arms. We shall lay them down when hostilities shall cease on the part of the

e. If there be any in this assembly-any dear esar's—to him I say, that Brutus' love to Cæsar was an his. If, then, that friend demand why Brutus = Cæsar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Cæsar at I loved Rome more. Had you rather Cæsar were die all slaves, than that Cæsar were dead, to live all As Cæsar loved me, I weep for him; as he was forjoice at it; as he was valiant, I honor him; but as itious, I slew him. There are tears, for his love; fortune; honor, for his valor; and death, for his Who is here so base, that would be a bondman? k; for him have I offended. Who is here so rude, not be a Roman? If any, speak; for him have I Who is here so vile, that will not love his country? k; for him have I offended. I pause for a reply. Then none have I offended.

I have done no more to

you should do to Brutus. The question of his death in the Capitol: his glory not extenuated, wherein hy; nor his offences enforced, for which he suffered

es his body, mourned by Mark Antony; who, though hand in his death, shall receive the benefit of his ce in the commonwealth as which of you shall not? depart: That as I slew my best lover for the good have the same dagger for myself, when it shall ɔuntry to need my death.

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION.-HENRY.

shut you in? Human naLook for an example of a

I AM constrained to make a few remarks on the absurdity of adopting this system, and relying on the chance of getting it amended afterwards. When it is confessed to be replete with defects, is it not offering to insult your understandings, to attempt to reason you out of the propriety of rejecting it, till it be amended? Does it not insult your judgments to tell youadopt first, and then amend? Is your rage for novelty so great, that you are first to sign and seal, and then to retract? Is it possible to conceive a greater solecism? I am at a loss what to say. You agree to bind yourselves hand and foot-for the sake of what? Of being unbound. You go into a dungeon-for what? To get out. Is there no danger when you go in, that the bolts of federal authority shall ture never will part from power. voluntary relinquishment of power, from one end of the globe to another you will find none. Nine-tenths of our fellow-men have been, and are now, depressed by the most intolerable slavery, in the different parts of the world; because the strong hand of power has bolted them in the dungeon of despotism. Review the present situation of the nations of Europe, which is pretended to be the freest quarter of the globe. Cast your eyes on the countries called free there. Look at the country from which we are descended, I beseech you; and although we are separated by everlasting, insuperable partitions, yet there are some virtuous people there who are friends to human nature and liberty. Look at Britain; see there the bolts and bars of power; see bribery and corruption defiling the fairest fabric that ever human nature reared. Can a gentleman, who is an Englishman, or who is acquainted with the English history, desire to prove these evils? See the efforts of a man descended from a friend of America; see the efforts of that man, assisted even by the king, to make reforms. But you find the faults too strong to be amended. Nothing but bloody war can alter them. See Ireland that country groaning from century to century, without getting their government amended. Previous adoption

:

SE OF KNOWLEDGE.--CARDINAL WISEMAN.

ER shall try to cultivate a wider field, and follow, day, as humbly we have striven here to do, the gress of every science, careful ever to note the ich it exercises on his more sacred knowledge, shall such pure joy and such growing comfort as the geagerness of mere human learning may not supone I know not unto whom to liken, save to one n enthusiastic love of Nature's charms to a sufficient with her laws, and spends his days in a garden st bloom. And here he seeth one gorgeous flower, lasped all its beauty to the glorious sun; and there st about to disclose its modester blossom, not yet d; and beside them, there is one only in the handbut slender promise of much display; and yet he ently, well knowing that the law is fixed whereby it , in due season, its tribute to the light and heat

Even so the other doth likewise behold one the other, when its appointed hour is come, and influences have prevailed, unclose some form which the varied harmony of universal truth, which shall to the full, the genial power that hath given it life, r barren it may have seemed at first, produce someadorn the temple and altar of God's worship.

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