5767.57 16-22 MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE An Important Discovery; Jennie Collins; Greek Phil- CHAPTER VIII.-THE ORIGIN AND FOUNDATION OF THE NEW Introduction to the Journal of Man. As the JOURNAL OF MAN is designed to occupy the highest realm of knowledge attainable by man, it cannot be a magazine for the millions who have no aspiration toward such knowledge. Its pages will not be devoted to the elementary lessons that such persons need to attract them to the science of the soul and the brain, and the philosophy of reform. They must be given to the illustration of science that is essentially new, which would be instructive to those who already have some elementary knowledge of the subject. That knowledge which readers of the Journal will be presumed to have is briefly presented in the following sketch of THE SCIENCE OF ANTHROPOLOGY. 1. The brain is the seat of conscious life, the organ of all the powers of the soul, the controlling organ of the body in all its functions, and is therefore a psycho-physiological apparatus, psychic in its relation to the soul, physiological in its relation to the body. 23 24-32 2. The anatomy of the brain, which is wonderfully complex, was first rationally explored and understood by Dr. Gall, the greatest philosopher of cessful investigation of its psychic functions was the eighteenth century. The first and only sucalso made by him, and his doctrines were for many years admired by the ablest scientists of Europe, but after his death fell into unmerited neglect, for three sufficient reasons: First, his method of investigation by studying comparative development was entirely neglected. Phrenology decayed when the fountain of the science was thus closed, as geology would have declined under similar treatment. But no student of comparative development has ever repudiated the discoveries of Gall. It was unfortunate that Gall and Spurzheim did not give lessons in cranioscopy. Secondly, the intense materialism of the scientific class has made them profoundly averse to all investigation of a psychic nature and to all profound philosophy. Thirdly, the inaccuracies of Gall's incomplete discoveries, especially in reference to the cerebellum, furnished some valid objections to his opponents, who paid no attention to his evidences, but condemned without investigation. Entered at Post Office, Roston, Mass., as second-class matter. 3. The cranial investigations of Dr. Buchanan, from 1835 to 1841, confirmed nearly all the discover ies of Gall, and corrected their inaccuracies as to anatomical location and psychic definition. He also discovered the locations of the external senses, and found the science thus corrected entirely reliable in the study of character. In these results he had the substantial concurrence of Dr. W. Byrd Powell, a gentleman of brilliant talents, the only efficient American cultivator of the science. 4. In 1841, Dr. Buchanan (having previously discovered the organ of sensibility) investigated the phenomena of sensitive constitutions, and found that they were easily affected by contact with any substance, and especially by contact with the human hand, so that the organic action of the brain was modified by the nervaura from the fingers, and every convolution could be made to manifest its functions, whether psychic or physiological, and whether intellectual, emotional, volitional, or passional, so as to make the subject of experiment amiable, irritable, intellectual, stupid, drowsy, hungry, restless, entranced, timid, courageous, sensitive, hardy, morbid, insane, idiotic, or whatever might be elicited from any region of the brain, and also to control the physiological functions, modifying the strength, sensibility, temperature, circulation, and pulse. 5. These experiments have been continually repeated from 1841 to 1887, and have commanded unanimous assent to their truth from many committees of investigation, and have during sixteen years been regularly presented and accepted in medical colleges; hence it is not improper to treat this demonstrated science of the brain as an established science, since the establishment of science depends not upon the opinions of the ignorant, but upon the unanimous assent of its investigators or students. 6. As the brain contains all the elements of humanity, their revelation constitutes a complete ANTHROPOLOGY, the first that has ever been presented, and this science necessarily has its physiological, psychic or social, and supernal or spiritual departments. In its physiological department it constitutes a vast addition to the medical sciences, and essentially changes all the philosophy of medical science, while it initiates many fundamental changes in practice, which have been adopted by Dr. Buchanan's pupils. Hence it deserves the profound attention of all medical schools. 7. In its psychic or social relations, anthropology enables us to form correct estimates from development of all vertebrate animals, of persons and of nations, showing their merits and deficiencies, and consequently the EDUCATION or legislation that is needed. By showing the laws of correlation between persons, it establishes the scientific principles of SOCIAL SCIENCE, and the possibilities of human society. By explaining all the elements of character and their operation, it establishes the true MORAL PHILOSOPHY, By giving the laws of development it formulates the true EDUCATION, and by giving the laws of expression it establishes the science of ORATORY and the PHILOSOPHY OF ART, making a more complete and scientific expression of what was empirically observed by Delsarte with remarkable success. new views of animal development and an entirely new conception of statuesque conformation and expression. 10. The magnitude and complexity of the new science thus introduced give an air of romance and incredibility to the whole subject, for nothing so comprehensive has ever before been scientifically attempted, and its magnitude is repulsive to conservative minds, to those who tolerate only slow advances; but the marvellous character of anthropology has not prevented its acceptance by all before whom it has been distinctly and fully presented, for the singular ease and facility of the demonstration is almost as marvellous as the allembracing character of the science, and the revolutionary effects of its adoption upon every sphere of human life. This marvellous character is most extraordinary in its department of PSYCHOMETRY, which teaches the existence of divine elements in man, powers which may be developed in millions, by means of which mankind may hold the key to all knowledge, to the knowledge of the individual characters of persons in any locality or any age, of the history of nations and the geological history of the globe, the characters of all animals, the properties of all substances, the nature of all diseases and mental conditions, the mysteries of physiology, the hidden truths of astronomy, and the hidden truths of the spirit world. Marvellous as it is, psychometry is one of the most demonstrable of sciences, and the evidence of its truth is fully presented in the "Manual of Psychometry," while the statement and illustration of the doctrines of anthropology were presented in the "System of Anthropology," published in 1854, and will be again presented in the forthcoming work, "Cerebral Psychology," which will show how the doctrines of anthropology are corroborated by the labors of a score of the most eminent physiologists and vivisecting anatomists of the present time. If but one tenth part of the foregoing cautious and exact statements were true in reference to anthropology, its claims upon the attention of all clear, honest thinkers, and all philanthropists, would be stronger than those of any doctrine, science, or philanthropy now under investigation; and as those claims are well-endorsed and have ever challenged investigation, their consideration is an imperative duty for all who recognize moral and religious responsibility, and do not confess themselves helplessly enthralled by babit and prejudice. Collegiate faculties may do themselves honor by following the example of the Indiana State University in investigating and honoring this science before the public, and thoughtful scholars may do themselves honor by following the examples of Denton, Pierpont, Caldwell, Gatchell, Forry, and Robert Dale Owen. The discoverer has ever been ready to co-operate with honorable inquirers, and has satisfied all who have met him as seekers of truth; a fact which justifies the tone of confidence with which he speaks. The only serious obstacles he has ever encountered have been the mental inertia which shuns investigation, the cunning cowardice which avoids new and not yet popular truths, and the moral torpor which is indifferent to the claims of truth and duty when not enforced by public opin8. In its spiritual department, anthropology ion. When standing at the head of the leading shows the relation of human life to the divine, of medical college of Cincinnati, he taught, demonterrestrial to supernal existence, and the laws of strated, and proclaimed, during ten years, with coltheir intercourse; hence establishing scientific re- legiate sanction, for the medical profession, the ligion and destroying superstition. It gives the doctrines which he now brings before the American scientific principles of animal magnetism, spiritual-people by scientific volumes (the "Manual of Psyism, trance, dreaming, insanity, and all extraor- cometry, "Therapeutic Sarcognomy," and the dinary conditions of human nature. "New Education"), and by the JOURNAL OF MAN, which, being devoted chiefly to the introduction of anthropology as the most effective form of philanthropy, may justly claim the active cooperation of the wise and good in promoting its circulation as the herald of the grandest reforms that have ever been proposed in the name and by the authority of positive science. 9. In the department of SARCOGNOMY, anthropology fully explains the triune constitution of man, the relations of soul, brain, and body, thus modifying medical and psychic philosophy, and establishing a new system of external therapeutics for electric and nervauric practice, which have been heretofore superficially empirical. It also gives us JOURNAL OF MAN. VOL. I. SEPTEMBER, 1887. No. 8. The Concord Symposium and their Greatest Contribution to Philosophy. LET no one accuse the critic of irreverence, who doubts the wisdom of universities, and of pedantic scholars who burrow like moles in the mouldering remnants of antiquity, but see nothing of the glorious sky overhead. While I have no reverence for barren or wasted intellect, I have the profoundest respect for the fruitful intellect which produces valuable results for the vast energy of the lower class of intellectual powers, which have developed our immense wealth of the physical sciences and their useful applications. Indescribably grand they are. The mathematicians, chemists, geologists, astronomers, botanists, zoologists, anatomists, and the numerous masters of dynamic sciences and arts, have lifted the world out of the ruder elements of barbarism and suffering. But, as for the class of speculative talkers, whose self-sufficiency prompts them to assume the name of philosophers, to which they have no right, what have they ever done either to promote human welfare, or to assist human enlightenment and reveal the mysteries of life? Have they not always been as blind as owls, bats, and moles, to daylight progress? Are they not at this time utterly and unconsciously blind to the progress of spiritual sciences, to the revelations of psychometry and anthropology - placing themselves, indeed, in that hopeless class who are too ignorant to know their ignorance, too far in the dark to know or suspect that there is any light? A remnant of these worshippers of antiquity still holds its seances at Concord, Mass., and publishes its amazingly dry Journal of Specu lative Philosophy. With the unconscious solemnity of earnestness, it still digs into Aristotle's logic and speculations - the dryest material that was ever used to benumb the brains of young collegians, and teach them how not to reason, for Aristotle never had a glimmering conception of what the process of reasoning is. Yet all Concordians are not Aristotelians; some of them have more modern ideas, and a vigorous, though misdirected, mentality. Prof. W. T. Harris, the leader of the Concordians, to whose lucubrations the newspapers give ample space, as those of the representative man, made a second attempt to explore the Aristotelian darkness, in which his first essay was totally lost. If there is but a step from the sublime to the ridiculous, it is not even a step from the absurd to the ludicrous and amusing. The professional wit or joker is never so richly amusing as the man who is utterly unconscious that he is in the least funny, while heroically in earnest. The professed comedian never furnishes so much amusement as the would-be heroic tragedian, who, like the Count Joannes, furnishes uproarious merriment for the whole evening. I have seen nothing in our Boston newspapers quite so amusing as the very friendly and sympathetic report of Prof. Harris' most elaborate and laborious comments on the SYLLOGISMS, which reminds one of Hopkinson's metaphysical and elaborate disquisition on the nature, properties, relations, and essential entity of a salt-box. We do not laugh at the professor as we did at Daniel Pratt, the "Great American Traveller," whose travels are now ended; for, aside from his metaphysical follies, Prof. Harris is a man of real merit and great intellectual industry, whose services in education will entitle him to be remembered; but when the metaphysical impulse seizes him, "Who would not laugh if such a fool there be, The lecture of Prof. Harris was reported in the Boston Herald, in the style of a gushing girl with her first lover, as a "NEW STEP IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY," attended by a full audience as "a rare treat" "like buckwheat-cakes fresh from the griddle," for "Prof. Harris took a decidedly new step in Philosophy," giving "an insight which no philosopher, ancient or modern, has attained." Again, speaking of it privately, Prof. Harris said, "I got hold of the idea three or four years ago, and I have been trying to work it out since. I regard it as my best contribution to philosophy." "Montes parturiunt," "What do they bring forth? Is it a mouse of respectable size? The Boston Herald, which is generally smart, though never profound, says of the symposium, "It has set up Aristotle this year as its golden calf to be worshipped." "But when you ask the question, what does all this talk amount to, it is difficult to give an affirmative answer." "It is simply threshing straw over, again and again." But it is not aware that the Concord straw is merely the dried weeds that Lord Bacon cut up and threw out of the field of respectable literature over two hundred and sixty years ago. "What man (says the Herald), with any serious purpose in life, has any time to waste over what somebody thinks Aristotle ought to have thought or said." And my readers may ask, why give the valuable space of the JOURNAL OF MAN to examining such trash? Precisely because it is trash, and yet occupies a place of honor, standing in the way of progress and representing the tendencies of education for centuries, which still survive, though they may be said to have gone to seed. Concord represents University philosophy, as a dude represents fashion, and as University philosophy is a haughty antagonist of all genuine philosophy, it is important to illustrate its worthlessness. The subject of Prof. Harris' lecture was "Aristotle's Theory of the Syllogism, Compared with that of Hegel." As these two were the great masters of obscurantism, the lecture should have been, of " course, as perfect a specimen as either of darkness and emptiness. Omitting the definitions of syllogisms, which are familiar to all collegians, but too intolerably tedious to be inflicted on my readers, we find a very unexpected specimen of common sense following the talk about syllogisms, which embodied Aristotle's ideas of Reason. Here it is: Logic is often called the art of reasoning, and many people study it with a view to mastering an art of correct thinking, hoping thereby to get an instrument useful in the acquirement of truth. may be doubted, however, whether the mind gets much aid in the pursuit of truth by studying logic." There is no doubt at all about it, not one rational individual out of a hundred thousand collegians will confess that he ever got any benefit in reasoning or in pursuing truth from Aristotle's syllogistic formula. "All men are mortal-Socrates is a man, and therefore Socrates is mortal." It Why, then, such a flourish of trumpets over some new trick in playing with syllogism, when the whole thing is utterly worthless? And the Professor upsets himself in his own lecture, thus: "If the middle tub is contained in the big tub, and the little tub is contained in the middle tub, then the little tub is contained in the big tub. Hegel says: "Common sense in its reaction against such logical formality and artificiality turned away in disgust, and was of the opinion that it could do without such a science as logic." Most true, Philosopher Hegel, you have absurdities of your own on a gigantic scale, but you do well to reject the petty absurdities of Aristotle. How does Prof. Harris rise up from Hegel's fatal blow? He rises like Antæus from touching the earth, and triumphantly shows that syllogisms are the most necessary of all things to humanity in its mundane existence; that, in fact, we have all been syllogizing ever since we left the maternal bosom to look at the cradle, the cat, and the dog. In fact we never could have grown up to manhood, much less to be Concordian philosophers, if we had not been syllogizing all the days of our life, and, indeed, it is probable we shall continue syllogizing to all eternity, in the next life, if we have any growth in knowledge at all. Blessed be the memory of Aristotle, the great original and unrivalled discoverer of the syllogism, by means of which all human knowledge has been built up, and "blessed be the man (as Sancho Panza said) who first invented sleep," by which we are relieved, to rest after the mighty labors of the syllogism. And lo! we have been syllogizing all these years, alike when we listen to the nocturnal yowl of the tomcat, and to the morning song of the lark; alike, when we smell the rose, seize the orange, or devour the tempting oyster. In syllogism do we live and move, and have our being. This is the grand discovery-the last great contribution to philosophy from Concord's greatest philosopher. We suddenly discover that we have been syllogizing like philosophers, as Mrs. Malaprop discovered that her children had been speaking English. The illustration of this overwhelming discovery is peculiarly happy, for he applies it to the discovery of a red flannel rag in the back yard or garden, and, after detecting the red flannel by syllogism, he advances to the grander problem of showing how, by philo |