The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government - Jefferson Davis - Google Books

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bardment of the Forts commenced.-Advance of the Fleet.-Its Passage

of the Forts.-Batteries below the City.-Darkness of the Night.-Evac-

uation of the City by General Lovell on Appearance of the Enemy.-Ad-

dress of General Duncan to Soldiers in the Forts.-Refusal to surrender.—

Meeting of the Garrison of Fort Jackson.-The Forts surrendered.—Iron-

elad Louisiana destroyed.-The Tugs and Steamers.-The Governor Moore.

-The Enemy's Ship Varuna sunk.-The McRae.-The State of the City

and its Defenses considered.-Public Indignation.—Its Victims.—Efforts

made for its Defense by the Navy Department.—The Construction of the

Naval Affairs (continued).-Farragut demands the Surrender of New Orleans.-

Reply of the Mayor.-United States Flag hoisted.-Advent of General

Butler. Barbarities.-Antecedents of the People.-Galveston.-Its Sur-

render demanded.-The Reply.-Another Visit of the Enemy's Fleet.-

The Port occupied.-Appointment of General Magruder.-Recapture of

the Port.-Capture of the Harriet Lane.-Report of General Magruder.—

Position and Importance of Sabine Pass.-Fleet of the Enemy.-Repulse

by Forty-four Irishmen.-Vessels captured.-Naval Destitution of the

Confederacy at first.-Terror of Gunboats on the Western Rivers.-Their

Capture. The most Illustrious Example.-The Indianola.-Her Capture.

-The Ram Arkansas.-Descent of the Yazoo River.-Report of her Com-

mander. Runs through the Enemy's Fleet.-Description of the Vessel.-

Attack on Baton Rouge.—Address of General Breckinridge.—Burning of

the Arkansas
230

Naval Affairs (continued).-Necessity of a Navy.-Raphael Semmes.-The Sum-

ter.-Difficulties in creating a Navy.-The Sumter at Sea.-Alarm.—Her

Captures.-James D. Bullock.-Laird's Speech in the House of Commons.

-The Alabama.-Semmes takes Command.-The Vessel and Crew.-Goes

to Sea.-Banks's Expedition.-Magruder at Galveston.-The Steamer Hat-

teras sunk.-The Alabama not a Pirate.-An Aspinwall Steamer ransomed.

-Other Captures.-Prizes burned.-At Cherbourg.-Fight with the Kear-

sarge.-Rescue of the Men.-Demand of the United States Government for

the Surrender of the Drowning Men.-Reply of the British Government.—

Sailing of the Oreto.-Detained at Nassau.-Captain Maffit.-The Ship

half equipped.-Arrives at Mobile.-Runs the Blockade.-Her Cruise.—

Capture and Cruise of the Clarence.-The Captures of the Florida.-Cap-

tain C. M. Morris.—The Florida at Bahia.-Scized by the Wachusett.—

Brought to Virginia and sunk.—Correspondence.-The Georgia.—Cruises

and Captures.-The Shenandoah.-Cruises and Captures.-The Atlanta.—

The Tallahassee.-The Edith

Naval Affairs (concluded).-Excitement in the Northern States on the Appear-

ance of our Cruisers.-Failure of the Enemy to protect their Commerce.—

Appeal to Europe not to help the So-called “Pirates."-Seeks Iron-plated

Vessels in England.-Statement of Lord Russell.-What is the Duty of

Neutrals?-Position taken by President Washington.-Letter of Mr. Jef-

ferson.-Contracts sought by United States Government.-Our Cruisers

went to Sea unarmed.-Mr. Adams asserts that British Neutrality was

violated. Reply of Lord Russell.-Rejoinder of Mr. Seward.-Duty of

Neutrals relative to Warlike Stores.-Views of Wheaton; of Kent.-

Charge of the Lord Chief Baron in the Alexandra Case.-Action of the

Confederate Government sustained.-Antecedents of the United States

Government.-The Colonial Commissions.-Build and equip Ships in Eu-

rope.-Captain Conyngham's Captures.-Made Prisoner.-Retaliation.—

Numbers of Captures.-Recognition of Greece.-Recognition of South

American Cruisers.-Chief Act of Hostility charged on Great Britain by

the United States Government.-The Queen's Proclamation: its Effect.-

Cause of the United States Charges.-Never called us Belligerents.-Why

not?-Adopts a Fiction.-The Reason.-Why denounce our Cruisers as

"Pirates "?-Opinion of Justice Greer.-Burning of Prizes.-Laws of Mari-

time War.-Cause of the Geneva Conference.-Statement of American

Claims.-Allowance.-Indirect Damages of our Cruisers.-Ships trans-

ferred to British Registers.-Decline of American Tonnage.-Decline of

Coasting Tonnage.-Decline of Export of Breadstuffs.-Advance of In-

Attempts of the United States Government to overthrow States.-Military Gov-

ernor of Tennessee appointed.-Object.-Arrests and Imprisonments.—

Measures attempted.-Oath required of Voters.-A Convention to amend

the State Constitution.-Results.-Attempt in Louisiana.-Martial Law.-

Barbarities inflicted.-Invasion of Plantations.-Order of General Butler,

No. 28.-Execution of Mumford.-Judicial System set up.-Civil Affairs

to be administered by Military Authority.-Order of President Lincoln for

a Provisional Court.-A Military Court sustained by the Army.-Words

of the Constitution.-"Necessity," the reason given for the Power to create

the Court. This Doctrine fatal to the Constitution; involves its Subver-

sion.-Cause of our Withdrawal from the Union.-Fundamental Prin-

ciples unchanged by Force.-The Contest is not over; the Strife not ended.

-When the War closed, who were the Victors?-Let the Verdict of Man-

CHAPTER XXXIII.

Further Attempts of the United States Government to overthrow States.-Elec-

tion of Members of Congress under the Military Governor of Louisiana.—

The Voters required to take an Oath to support the United States Govern-

ment.-The State Law violated.-Proposition to hold a State Convention;

postponed. The President's Plan for making a Union State out of a Frag-

ment of a Confederate State.-His Proclamation.-The Oath required.—

Message.—“ The War-Power our Main Reliance."-Not a Feature of a

Republican Government in the Plan.-What are the True Principles ?—

The Declaration of Independence asserts them.-Who had a Right to in-

stitute a Government for Louisiana ?-Its People only.-Under what Prin-

ciples could the Government of the United States do it ?—As an Invader to

subjugate.-Effrontery and Wickedness of the Administration.—It enforces

a Fiction.—Attempt to make Falsehood as good as Truth.-Proclamation

for an Election of State Officers.-Proclamation for a State Convention.-

The Monster Crime against the Liberties of Mankind.-Proceedings in

Arkansas.-Novel Method adopted to amend the State Constitution.-Per-

version of Republican Principles in Virginia.-Proceedings to create the

State of West Virginia.-A Falsehood by Act of Congress.-Proceedings

considered under Fundamental Principles.-These Acts sustained by the

United States Government.-Assertion of Thaddeus Stevens.-East Vir-

ginia Government.-Removed to Richmond and upheld by the United

States Government.-Such Acts caused Entire Subversion of States.-Mere

Fictions thus constituted .

Address to the Army of Eastern Virginia by the President.-Army of General

Pope.-Position of McClellan.-Advance of General Jackson.-Atrocious

Orders of General Pope.-Letter of McClellan on the Conduct of the War.

-Letter of the President to General Lee.-Battle of Cedar Run.-Results

of the Engagement.-Reënforcements to the Enemy.-Second Battle of

Manassas. Capture of Manassas Junction.-Captured Stores.-The Old

Battle-Field.-Advance of General Longstreet.-Attack on him.-Attack

on General Jackson.-Darkness of the Night.-Battle at Ox Hill.-Losses

Return of the Enemy to Washington.-War transferred to the Frontier.-Con-

dition of Maryland.-Crossing the Potomac.-Evacuation of Martinsburg.

-Advance into Maryland.-Large Force of the Enemy.-Resistance at

Boonesboro.-Surrender of Harper's Ferry.-Our Forces reach Sharps-

burg. Letter of the President to General Lee.-Address of General Lee

to the People.-Position of our Forces at Sharpsburg.-Battle of Sharps-

burg. Our Strength.-Forces withdrawn.-Casualties

Efforts of the Enemy to obtain our Cotton.-Demands of European Manufac-

turers.-Thousands of Operatives resorting to the Poor-Rates.-Complaint

of her Majesty's Secretary of State.-Letter of Mr. Seward.-Promise to

open all the Channels of Commerce.-Series, of Measures adopted by the

United States.-Act of Congress.-Its Provisions.-Its Operation.-Uncon-

stitutional Measures.-President Lincoln an Accomplice.-Not authorized

by a State of War.-Case before Chief-Justice Taney.-His Decision.-Ex-

peditions sent by the United States Government to seize Localities.-An

Act providing for the Appointment of Special Agents to seize Abandoned

or Captured Property.-The Views of General Grant.—Weakening his

Strength One Third.-Our Country divided into Districts, and Federal

Agents appointed.-Continued to the Close of the War

CHAPTER XXXVII.

The Enemy crosses the Potomac and concentrates at Warrenton.-Advances

upon Fredericksburg.-Its Position.-Our Forces.-The Enemy crosses the

Rappahannock.-Attack on General Jackson.-The Main Attack.-Re-

pulse of the Enemy on the Right.-Assaults on the Left.-The Enemy's

Columns broke and fled.-Recross the River.-Casualties.-Position during

the Winter.-The Enemy again crosses the Rappahannock.—Also crosses

at Kelly's Ford.-Converging toward Chancellorsville, to the Rear of our

Position.-Inactivity on our Front.-Our Forces concentrate near Chancel-

lorsville and encounter the Enemy.-Position of the Enemy.-Attempt to

turn his Right.—The Enemy surprised and driven in the Darkness.—

Jackson fired upon and wounded.—Stuart in Command.-Battle renewed.

-Fredericksburg reoccupied.-Attack on the Heights.—Repulse of the

Enemy. The Enemy withdraws in the Night.-Our Strength.-Losses.-

Death of General Jackson.-Another Account .

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

Relations with Foreign Nations.-The Public Questions.-Ministers abroad.-

Usages of Intercourse between Nations.-Our Action.-Mistake of Eu-

ropean Nations; they follow the Example of England and France.-Dif-

ferent Conditions of the Belligerents.-Injury to the Confederacy by the

Policy of European Powers relative to the Blockade.-Explanation.-The

Paris Conference.-Principles adopted.—Acceded to by the Confederacy

with a Single Exception.-These Agreements remained inoperative.-

Extent of the Pretended Blockade.-Remonstrances against its Recog-

nition.-Sinking Vessels to block up Harbors.-Every Proscription of

Maritime Law violated by the United States Government.-Protest.-Ad-

dition made to the Law by Great Britain.-Policy pursued favorable to

our Enemies.-Instances.-Mediation proposed by France to Great Britain,

and Russian Letter of French Minister.-Reply of Great Britain.—Reply

of Russia.-Letter to French Minister at Washington.-Various Offensive

Actions of the British Government.-Encouraging to the United States.-

Hollow Profession of Neutrality
. 367

Advance of General E. K. Smith.-Advance of General Bragg.-Retreat of Gen-

eral Buell to Louisville.-Battle at Perryville, Kentucky.-General Morgan

at Hartsville.-Advance of General Rosecrans.-Battle of Murfreesboro.-

General Van Dorn and General Price.-Battle at Iuka.-General Van Dorn.

-Battle of Corinth.-General Little.-Captures at Holly Springs.-Re-

treat of Grant to Memphis.-Operations against Vicksburg.-The Canal.—

Concentration.-Raid of Grierson.-Attack near Port Gibson.-Orders of

General Johnston.-Reply of General Pemberton.-Baker's Creek.-Big

Black Bridge.-Retreat to Vicksburg.-Siege.-Surrender.-Losses.-Sur-

render of Port Hudson.-Some Movements for its Relief.

Inactivity in Tennessee.-Capture of Colburn's Expedition.-Capture of

Streight's Expedition.—Advance of Rosecrans to Bridgeport.-Burnside

in East Tennessee.-Our Force at Chattanooga.-Movement against Burn-

side. The Enemy moves on our Rear near Ringgold.-Battle at Chicka-

mauga. Strength and Distribution of our Forces.-The Enemy with-

draws. Captures.-Losses.-The Enemy evacuates Passes of Lookout

Mountain.-His Trains captured.-Failure of General Bragg to pursue.-

Reenforcements to the Enemy, and Grant to command.-His Description

of the Situation.—Movements of the Enemy.-Conflict at Chattanooga

Movement to draw forth the Enemy.-Advance to Culpeper Court-House.-

Cavalry Engagement at Beverly's and Kelly's Fords.-Movement against

Winchester.-Milroy's Force captured.-Prisoners.-The Enemy retires

along the Potomac.-Maryland entered.-Advance into Pennsylvania.-The

Enemy driven back toward Gettysburg.-Position of the Respective Forces.

-Battle at Gettysburg.-The Army retires.-Prisoners.-The Potomac

swollen.-No Interruption by the Enemy.-Strength of our Force.-

Strength of the Enemy.-The Campaign closed.-Observations.-Kelly's

Ford.-Attempt to surprise our Army.-System of Breastworks.-Pris-

Subjugation of the States of Tennessee, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Virginia.—

Object of a State Government; its Powers are "Just Powers"; how

exercised; its Duty; necessarily sovereign; its Entire Order; how found-

ed; how destroyed.-The Crime against Constitutional Liberty.-What is

the Government of the United States?-It partakes of the Nature of a

Limited Partnership; its Peaceful Objects.-Distinction between the Gov-

ernments of the States and that of the United States.-Secession.-The

Government of the United States invades the State; refuses to recognize

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