The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government - Jefferson Davis - Google Books

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its Government; thus denies the Fundamental Principle of Popular Lib-

erty.-Founded a New State Government based on the Sovereignty of the

United States Government.-Annihilation of Unalienable Rights.—Quali-

fication of Voters fixed by Military Power.-Condition of the Voter's Oath.

-Who was the Sovereign in Tennessee?-Case of Louisiana.-Registra-

tion of Voters.-None allowed to register who could not or would not

take a Certain Oath; its Conditions.-Election of State Officers.-Part of

the State Constitution declared void.-All done under the Military Force

of the United States Government

Subjugation of the Border States, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri.-A Mili-

tary Force invades Maryland and occupies Baltimore.-Martial Law de-

clared.-A Military Order.-Banishment from the State.-Civil Government

of the State suspended.-Unalienable Rights of the Citizens invaded.—

Arrests of Citizens commenced.-Number.-Case of John Merryman.-

Opinion of Chief-Justice Taney.-Newspapers seized.—Houses searched

for Arms.-Order of Commanding General to Marshals to put Test to

Voters.-The Governor appeals to the President.-His Reply.-Voters

imprisoned.-Statement of the Governor.-Result of the Election.-State

Constitutional Convention.-Emancipation hardly carried.-First Open

Measures in Kentucky.-Interference at the State Election by the United

States Government.-Voters excluded.-Martial Law declared.-Soldiers

keeping the Polls.-The Vote.-Statement of the Governor.-Attempt to

enroll Able-bodied Negroes.-The Governor visits Washington.-The Re-

sult.-Arrests, Imprisonment, and Exile of Citizens.-Suspension of the

Writ of Habeas Corpus by President Lincoln.-Interference with the State

Election.-Order to the Sheriffs.-Proclamation of the Governor.-Enlist-

ment of Slaves.-Emancipation by Constitutional Amendment.-Violent

Measures in Missouri.-The Governor calls out the Militia.-His Words.-

The Plea of the Invader." The Authority of the United States is Para-

mount," said President Lincoln.-Bravery of the Governor.-Words of

the Commanding General.-Troops poured into the State.-Proceedings of

the State Convention.-Numberless Usurpations.-Provisional Governor.

-Emancipation Ordinance passed

Subjugation of the Northern States.-Humiliating Spectacle of New York.—

'Ringing of a Little Bell."-Seizure and Imprisonment of Citizens.-Num-

ber seized.-Paper Safeguards of Liberty.-Other Safeguards.-Suspension

of the Writ of Habeas Corpus absolutely forbidden with One Exception.—

How done.-Not able to authorize another.-Abundant Protective Provi-

sions in New York, but all failed.-Case of Pierce Butler.-Arrest of Sec-

retary Cameron.-The President assumes the Responsibility of the Crime.

-No Heed given to the Writ of Habeas Corpus issued by the Court.—

The Governor passive.-Words of Justice Nelson.-Prison overflowing.—

How relieved.-Oath required of Applicants for Relief.-Oath declined by

some.-Reasons.-Order forbidding the Employment of Counsel by Pris-

oners.-Victims in almost Every Northern State.-Defeat at the Elec-

tions.-Result.-Suit for Damages commenced.-Congress interferes to

protect the Guilty.-State Courts subjugated.-How suspend Habeas Cor-

pus.-Congress violates the Constitution.-What was New York?-Writ

suspended throughout the United States.-What is "Loyalty"?-Military

Domination.-Correspondence between General Dix and Governor Sey-

mour.-Seizure of Newspapers.-Governor orders Arrest of Offenders.-

Interference with the State Election.-Vote of the Soldiers.-State Agents

arrested.-Provost-Marshals appointed in Every Northern State.—Their

Duties. Sustained by Force.-Trials by Military Commission.-Trials at

Washington.-Assassination of the President.-Trial of Henry Wirz.-

Efforts to implicate the Author.-Investigation of a Committee of Con-

gress as to Complicity in the Assassination.-Arrest, Trial, and Banish-

ment of Clement C. Vallandigham.-Assertions of Governor Seymour on

Inactivity of the Army of Northern Virginia.-Expeditions of Custer, Kilpatrick,

and Dahlgren for the Destruction of Railroads, the Burning of Richmond,

and Killing the Officers of the Government.-Repelled by Government

Clerks.-Papers on Dahlgren's Body.-Repulse of Butler's Raid from Ber-

muda Hundred.—Advance of Sheridan repulsed at Richmond.—Stuart re-

sists Sheridan. Stuart's Death.-Remarks on Grant's Plan of Campaign.

-Movement of General Butler.-Drury's Bluff.-Battle there.-Campaign

of Grant in Virginia.

General Grant assumes Command in Virginia.-Positions of the Armies.-Plans

of Campaign open to Grant's Choice.-The Rapidan crossed.-Battle of

the Wilderness.-Danger of Lee.-The Enemy driven back.-Flank Attack.

-Longstreet wounded.-Result of the Contest.-Rapid Flank Movement

of Grant.-Another Contest.-Grant's Reënforcements.-Hanover Junc-

tion.-The Enemy moves in Direction of Bowling Green.-Crosses the Pa-

munkey.-Battle at Cold Harbor.-Frightful Slaughter.-The Enemy's

Soldiers decline to renew the Assault when ordered.-Loss.-Asks Truce

to bury the Dead.-Strength of Respective Armies.-General Pember-

ton.-The Enemy crosses the James.-Siege of Petersburg begun

Situation in the Shenandoah Valley.-March of General Early.-The Object.-

At Lynchburg. -Staunton.-His Force.-Enters Maryland.-Attack at

Monocacy.-Approach to Washington.-The Works.-Recrosses the Po-

tomac.-Battle at Kernstown.-Captures.-Outrages of the Enemy.-State-

ment of General Early.-Retaliation on Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.—

Battle near Winchester.-Sheridan's Force routed.-Attack subsequently

renewed with New Forces.-Incapacity of our Opponent.-Early falls

back. The Enemy retires.-Early advances.-Report of a Committee of

Citizens on Losses by Sheridan's Orders.-Battle at Cedar Creek.-Losses,

Subsequent Movements, and Captures.-The Red River Campaign.-Re-

pulse and Retreat of General Banks.-Capture of Fort Pillow.

CHAPTER XLVIII.

Assignment of General J. E. Johnston to the Command of the Army of Ten-

nessee. Condition of his Army.-An Offensive Campaign suggested.—

Proposed Objects to be accomplished.-General Johnston's Plans.-Ad-

vance of Sherman.-The Strength of the Confederate Position.-General

Johnston expects General Sherman to give Battle at Dalton.-The Enemy's

Flank Movement via Snake-Creek Gap to Resaca.-Johnston falls back

to Resaca.-Further Retreat to Adairsville.-General Johnston's Reasons.

-Retreat to Cassville.-Projected Engagement at Kingston frustrated.—

Retreat beyond the Etowah River.-Strong Position at Alatoona aban-

doned.-Nature of the Country between Marietta and Dallas.-Engage-

ments at New Hope Church.-Army takes Position at Kenesaw.-Senator

Hill's Letter.-Death of Lieutenant-General Polk.-Battle at Kenesaw

Mountain.- Retreat beyond the Chattahoochee. Results reviewed.-

Popular Demand for Removal of General Johnston.-Reluctance to re-

move him.-Reasons for Removal.-Assignment of General J. B. Hood to

the Command.-He assumes the Offensive.-Battle of Peach-tree Creek.—

Death of General W. H. T. Walker.-Sherman's Movement to Jonesboro.-

Defeat of Hardee.-Evacuation of Atlanta.-Sherman's Inhuman Order.-

Visit to Georgia.-Suggested Operations.-Want of Coöperation by the

Governor of Georgia.-Conference with Generals Beauregard, Hardee, and

Cobb, at Augusta.-Departure from Original Plan.-General Hood's Move-

ment against the Enemy's Communications.-Partial Successes.-With-

drawal of the Army to Gadsden and Movement against Thomas.-Sher-

man burns Atlanta and begins his March to the Sea.-Vandalism.-

Direction of his Advance.-General Wheeler's Opposition.-His Valuable

Service. Sherman reaches Savannah.-General Hardee's Command.-The

Defenses of the City.-Assault and Capture of Fort McAlister.—The

Results. Hardee evacuates Savannah

Exchange of Prisoners.-Signification of the Word "loyal."-Who is the Sover-

eign?-Words of President Lincoln.-The Issue for which we fought.-Posi-

tion of the United States Government.-Letters of Marque granted by us.-

Officers and Crew First Prisoners of the Enemy.-Convicted as “Pirates.”—

My Letter to President Lincoln.-How received.-Act of Congress relating

to Prisoners.-Exchanges, how made.-Answer of General Grant.-Request

of United States Congress.-Result.-Commissioners sent.-Agreement.—

Disputed Points.-Exchange arranged.-Order to pillage issued.-General

Pope's Order.-Proceedings.-Letter of General Lee relative to Barbari-

ties. Answer of General Halleck.-Case of Mumford.-Effect of Threat-

ened Retaliation.-Mission of Vice-President Stephens.-A Failure.-Ex-

cess of Prisoners.-Paroled Men.-Proposition made by us.-No Answer.

-Another Arrangement.-Stopped by General Grant.-His words, "Put

the Matter offensively."-Exchange of Slaves.-Proposition of Lee to

Grant.-Reply of Grant.—Further Reply.—His Dispatch to General Butler.

-Another Proposition made by us.-No Answer.-Proposition relative to

Sick and Wounded.-Some exchanged.-The Worst Cases asked for to

be photographed.-Proposition as to Medicines.-No Answer.-A Final

Effort.-Deputation of Prisoners sent to Washington.-A Failure.-Cor-

respondence between Ould and Butler.-Order of Grant.-Report of Butler.

-Responsibility of Grant for Andersonville.-Barbarities of the United

States Government.-Treatment of our Men in Northern Prisons.-Deaths

Subjugation the Object of the Government of the United States.-The only

Terms of Peace offered to us.-Rejection of all Proposals.-Efforts of the

Enemy. Appearance of Jacques and Gilmore at Richmond.-Proposals.-

Answer.-Commissioners sent to Canada.-The Object.-Proceedings.—

Note of President Lincoln.-Permission to visit Richmond granted to

Francis P. Blair.-Statement of my Interview with him.-My Letter to him.

-Response of President Lincoln.-Three Persons sent by me to an In-

formal Conference.-Their Report.-Remarks of Judge Campbell.-Oath

of President Lincoln.-The Provision of the Constitution and his Procla-

mation compared.-Reserved Powers spoken of in the Constitution.—

What are they, and where do they exist?-Terms of Surrender offered to

General Sherman leaves Savannah.-His March impeded.-Difficulty in collect-

ing Troops to oppose him.—The Line of the Salkehatchie.-Route of the

Enemy's Advance.-Evacuation of Columbia.-Its Surrender by the Mayor.

-Burning the City.-Sherman responsible.-Evacuation of Charleston.-

The Confederate Forces in North Carolina.-General Johnston's Estimate.

-General Johnston assigned to the Command.-The Enemy's Advance

from Columbia to Fayetteville, North Carolina.-"Foraging Parties."-

Sherman's Threat and Hampton's Reply.-Description of Federal "Treas-

ure-Seekers" by Sherman's Aide-de-Camp.-Failure of Johnston's Projected

Attack at Fayetteville.-Affair at Kinston.-Cavalry Exploits.-General

Johnston withdraws to Smithfield.—Encounter at Averysboro.—Battles of

Bentonville.-Union of Sherman's and Schofield's Forces.-Johnston's Re-

treat to Raleigh

Siege of Petersburg.-Violent Assault upon our Position.-A Cavalry Expedi-

tion.-Contest near Ream's Station.-The City invested with Earthworks.

-Position of the Forces.-The Mine exploded, and an Assault made.-

Attacks on our Lines.-Object of the Enemy.-Our Strength.-Assault on

Fort Fisher.-Evacuation of Wilmington.-Purpose of Grant's Campaign.

-Lee's Conference with the President.-Plans.-Sortie against Fort Stead-

man. Movements of Grant farther to Lee's right.-Army retires from

Petersburg. The Capitulation.-Letters of Lee

General Lee advises the Evacuation of Richmond.-Withdrawal of the Troops.

The Naval Force.-The Conflagration in Richmond.-Telegram of Lee to

the President. The Evacuation complete.-The Charge of the Removal

of Supplies intended for Lee's Army.-The Facts.-Arrangement with

General Lee.-Proclamation.-Reports of Scouts

Invitation of General Johnston to a Conference.-Its Object.-Its Result.—

Provisions on the Line of Retreat.-Notice of President Lincoln's Assas-

sination. Correspondence between Johnston and Sherman.-Terms of the

Convention.-Approved by the Confederate Government.-Rejected by the

United States Government.-Instructions to General Johnston.-Disobeyed.

-Statements of General Johnston.-His Surrender.-Movements of the

President South.-His Plans.-Order of General E. K. Smith to his Sol-

diers. Surrender.-Numbers paroled.-The President overtakes his Fam-

ily. His Capture.-Taken to Hampton Roads, and imprisoned in Fortress

Number of the Enemy's Forces in the War.-Number of the Enemy's Troops

from Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee.-Cruel Conduct of the

War.-Statements in 1862.-Statements in 1863.-Emancipation Procla-

mation.-Statements in 1864.-General Hunter's Proceedings near Lynch-

burg. Cruelties in Sherman's March through South Carolina

Final Subjugation of the Confederate States.-Result of the Contest.-A Simple

Process of Restoration.-Rejected by the United States Government.—A

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