garding each, its origin in the same manner as Caucasian, Mongolian, Indian, Malay and African, are classes respectively, respecting each, his origin. Under the organic law, when all matter was chaos, these respective classes were called into existence, and received each his organized form, by which he should perpetuate his class, as ordered in the beginning; or we should discover nothing but chance work in creation.

The immortality of the soul, whether it be that of a white man, or that of any of the existences of colors is not a subject which this work is called on to discuss; but the main object of this work is to trace inanimate and animate matter back to its original state, and thence see the order of creation, and how each part is to be governed by natural law, which furnishes the basis for civil or conventional law.

In casting our eyes over the Indian tribes of America, we are unable, at present, to see any material change towards a high stage of social and constitutional liberty; nor do we discern it in their arts and sciences, over what they possessed at the period of their discovery to us; nor do we trace but a retrocession among those European nations who have largely commingled with the aboriginees of this country. This class of progressive existences fall to dust, when in contact with the whites, as the autumn leaves, after the first withering frost. They are fast passing away.

In taking a survey of the oriental nations of Asia, we discover that few of the arts and sciences, which 30 much distinguish the Europeans and Americans,

are understood by them; or otherwise, from their countless hosts, they would be able to repel the attacks of the combined world. Their wants are supplied without adding a finish to symmetrical proportions. They want courage, energy and mind; and when brought in close contact with the whites, they are forced, like the Indians, to yield to superior intellect, and like their congenerics of colors, they must fall to earth, though the contest be strong, and full of little incidents of a progressive nature.

The historic pages of Africa are few and meager, except with respect to its northern portions, where the whites have prevailed. That here, great events and great nations have arisen, no one will question; as the Egyptians and Carthagenians, in their past history, can fully bear proof. Few have explored Central Africa, though quite enough to bear testimony to the general barbarism of the country; however, to a small extent, they manufacture some common cloth out of the agave and cotton grown in the country.

From time immemorial to the present the negro class have commingled more or less with those white nations near them; so much so, if their natures had been open to the reception of new ideas, retaining and rendering them useful, they would have distinguished themselves by their arts and sciences, by their governments, and by that universal progress which nations make in the pursuits of commerce. In all these occupations and progressions which the mind of man makes, when raised from matter, the negro class bear no testimony to the world; for where are

their ambassadors, commercial agents and commercial relations with other nations? That they are above some classes of animals we have abundant proof, but that they are far below mankind, even the Toltecs, Aztecs, and Peruvians of America, no one can question. As a further evidence in confirmation of this position, when we survey the labors and workings of the lower and lowest classes of animals, what is the progress of those which we see around us, over those which lived thousands of years ago? Their habits of gathering their food, building their nests, seeking places of safety for their young, defending themselves against attacks, and all they do, are the same when young as old, and the same in one age as in the preceding. In these animals there is no progress nor advancement; they are content with eating, drinking, sleeping, and giving vent to the passions of their natures. In view of this, survey the history of the negro class in Africa, and what has been their progress from their earliest existence to the present, except such as has been absolutely forced on them, to shield themselves from cold, or to supply their hunger? Consequently, like other animals, they can be taught, or learn to do like the whites only to a certain extent, when their reason ceases, and animal instinct manifests itself again. For ages in Africa, the negroes have lived only to eat. Their progress and developments are only made by contact with the whites! That there is a distinction in the progressive development of the negro class, especially when brought in contact with the whites, compared to those who have never been out of their native coun

try, we have ample proof in the slaveholding States of North America, in the provinces or departments of Brazil and Cuba, where slavery has existed nearly, and over three hundred years; and in other portions of America where they are now free; for full demonstrations we have of such in their whole facial contours over new importations.

They bear in all their actions a higher degree of advancement than those freshly imported into this country and particularly so with reference to their facial contours and their general physical develop ments. If prior to this period, the destiny of the African negroes had been to have possessed the arts and sciences, so near them on the Eastern portion of that Division; if they had not been created in the scale of existence but little above the highest class of apes, showing thereby a close analogy between the two; if it had not been the custom for the Rulers of Central Africa to have immolated some of their captives, after taking them in wars, upon bond-fires for the occasion; eaten a few, and enslaved others; and if there had been humanity to have exerted itself in that benighted land, as in portions of benighted Europe, America would have shrunk from her task to have imported, christainized and educated, in the labors of the field, so many forms without human lore.

From the numerous negroes existing in Central Africa, their obedience, slothfulness, or almost perfect inertia, except stimulated by the cravings of hunger, and from their peculiar beastial adaptation to obey the dictates of superior intelligence and superior will, not only in that region, but on the Continent

of America, we are led to infer that they have no national characteristics; and in order to insure their progression to the higher scale of being, their thralldom must be continued to work out and reclaim, from the wild solitudes of America, that natural fecundity which she so superabundantly possesses, rendering it useful to man in the many multiplied stages of human advancement and refinement.

In most cases, the tenure of slavery on the Continent of America is growing milder, and much more lenient than formerly; masters are seldom accused of cruelty; it is unpopular for one to be thus accused, and consequently much forbearance is brought into requisition, from the desire to gain the applause of our own people, where this institution exists.

If slavery be right to work out the destiny of this vast American Continent, as it would seem to be from surrounding manifestations which are apparent to all, the only true position we can assume, is that slavery can never exist in a statu quo state; the only terms to be applied to it, are pro and anti; the one will let it live by its progress, and increase the Southern products in proportion to the increase of slaves, and the fertility of the lands they cultivate; while the latter, though not in favor of immediate emancipation, would so circumscribe it by legislation, and limit the bounds of slavery, as to call for the manumission of the African race in the present limits of the United States, because the multiplicity of its numbers in the course of time, would permit no other alternative, taking in view the natural increase of the whites and the blacks.