Elements of Mental Philosophy: Embracing the Two Departments of the Intellect and the Sensibilities, Volume 1

Thomas Cogswell Upham

Harper, 1845 - Emotions - 470 pages

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Section INTRODUCTION CHAP I PRIMARY TRUTHS 1 Importance of preliminary statements in Mental Philosophy 2 Nature of such preliminary s...	17

Of the name or designation given them	18

Primary truth of personal existence Page 17 17 18	19

Occasions of the origin of the idea or belief of personal existence	20

Primary truth of personal identity 7 Reasons for regarding this a preliminary truth 8 There are original and authoritative grounds of belief 9 Primary ...	21

No beginning or change of existence without a cause 11 Occasions of the origin of the primary truth of effects and causes	26

Matter and mind have uniform and fixed laws	27

This primary truth not founded on reasoning	28

Writers who have objected to the doctrine of an internal source of knowledge	226

Secondary law of repetition or habit	227

Of the secondary law of coexistent emotion	228

Original difference in the mental constitution	229

The foregoing law as applicable to the sensibilities	230

Imperfections attendant on classifications in mental philosophy	231

CHAP IIORIGINAL SUGGESTION 177 Import of suggestion and its application in Reid and Stewart	232

Association sometimes misleads our judgments	233

CHAP IIIMMATERIALITY OF THE MIND 14 On the meaning of the terms material and immaterial	30

Difference between mind and matter shown from language 16 Their different nature shown by their respective properties 17 The souls immateriality ...	31

37	34

Evidence of this want of exact correspondence	35

Comparative state of the mind and body in dreaming	36

The great works of genius an evidence of immateriality	37

The doctrine of materiality inconsistent with future existence	39

LAWS OF BELIEF 24 Of belief its degrees and its sources 41 25 Of suggestion consciousness and the senses as grounds of belief	41

Memory and testimony considered as sources of belief	42

Objection to reliance on testimony	44

Of relative suggestion as a ground of belief	45

Of reasoning as a ground or law of belief	46

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION 30 The mind may be regarded in a threefold point of view	47

Evidence of the general arrangement from consciousness	48

Evidence of the same from the terms found in different languages 33 Evidence from incidental remarks in writers	50

Further proof from various writers on the mind	53

Classification of the intellectual states of the mind	55

THE INTELLECT OR UNDERSTANDING	57

Further proof of the beginnings of knowledge from external causes	64

The doctrine of innate knowledge not susceptible of proof	70

Origin of the notion of extension and of form and figure	71

On the sensations of heat and cold	72

On the sensation of hardness and softness	73

47	74

48	76

50	78

53	81

Of the secondary qualities of matter	82

Design and uses of the senses of smell and taste	89

Page	99

Of certain indefinite feelings sometimes ascribed to the touch	103

Relation between the sensation and what is outwardly signified	104

THE SENSE OF SIGHT 76 Of the organ of sight and the uses or benefits of that sense	105

Statement of the mode or process in visual perception 105	106

Of the original and acquired perceptions of sight	107

The idea of extension not originally from sight	108

Of the estimation of distances by sight	114

Estimation of distance when unaided by intermediate objects	116

Of objects seen on the ocean	117

Supposed feelings of a being called into existence in the full pos session of his powers	118

Of conceptions attended with a momentary belief	119

Conceptions which are joined with perceptions	120

OF RELIANCE ON THE SENSES 87 By means of sensations we have a knowledge of outward things	122

Objection to a reliance on the senses	123

of sound	124

Some alleged mistakes of the senses owing to want of care	125

Of mistakes in judging of the motion of objects	127

Of mistakes as to the distances and magnitude of objects	129

Manner in which we learn the place of sounds	130

On the real existence of a material world	131

Doctrine of the nonexistence of matter considered	132

134 96 The senses as much grounds of belief as other parts of our con stitution	133

Opinions of Locke on the testimony of the senses	134

HABITS OF SENSATION AND PERCEPTION 98 General view of the law of habit and of its applications	135

Of habit in relation to the smell	137

Of habit in relation to the taste	138

Of habit in relation to the hearing	140

Of certain universal habits based on sounds	142

THE SENSE OF TOUCH	143

Other striking instances of habits of touch	146

Habits considered in relation to the sight	147

Sensations may possess a relative as well as positive increase of power	149

Of habits as modified by particular callings or arts	150

The law of habit considered in reference to the perception of the outlines and forms of objects	151

Notice of some facts which favour the above doctrine 110 Additional illustrations of Mr Stewarts doctrine	152

MUSCULAR HABITS 111 Instances in proof of the existence of muscular habits	154

Muscular habits regarded by some writers as involuntary	155

Objections to the doctrine of involuntary muscular habits	156

CONCEPTIONS 114 Meaning and characteristics of conceptions	158

Of conceptions of objects of sight	159

Of the influence of habit on our conceptions	161

Of the senses sinking to sleep in succession	166

General remarks on cases of somnaınbulism	167

Origin of the distinction of simple and complex	168

Nature and characteristics of simple mental states 124 Simple mental states not susceptible of definition 168 169	169

Simple mental states representative of a reality	170

Origin of complex notions and their relation to simple	171

The precise sense in which complexness is to be understood	173

Illustrations of analysis as applied to the mind	174

Complex notions of external origin	175

Of objects contemplated as wholes	176

Something more in external objects than mere attributes or qual ities	177

Imperfections of our complex notions of external objects	178

ABSTRACTION 134 Abstraction implied in the analysis of complex ideas	180

Instances of particular abstract ideas	181

Mental process in separating and abstracting them	182

Of generalizations of particular abstract mental states	183

Of the importance and uses of abstraction	184

GENERAL ABSTRACT IDEAS 139 General abstract notions the same with genera and species 140 Process in classification or the forming of genera ...	185

Objection sometimes made to the existence of general notions	190

The power of general abstraction in connexion with numbers c	191

147	192

Of different opinions formerly prevailing	193

149	194

151	195

152	197

of attention 153 Of the general nature of attention	198

154	199

155	200

156	202

Alleged inability to command the attention	203

158	204

159	205

Dreams are often caused by our sensations	206

161	207

Second cause of the incoherency of dreams	208

Apparent reality of dreams 1st cause	209

Apparent reality of dreams 2d cause	210

Of our estimate of time in dreaming	211

VII Of relations of cause and effect 272	212

Of complex terms involving the relation of cause and effect	213

Remarks on instituted or conventional relations 273	214

Connexion of relative suggestion or judgment with reasoning CHAP V ASSOCIATION PRIMARY LAWS	215

Reasons for considering this subject here	216

Meaning of association and illustrations	217

Of the general laws of association	218

Bection DIVISION FIRST THE INTELLECT OR UNDERSTANDING INTELLECTIVE OR INTELLECTUAL STATES OF THE MIND PART SEC...	219

Resemblance in every particular not necessary	220

CHAP LINTERNAL ORIGIN OF KNOWLEDGE 169 The soul has fountains of knowledge within	221

Declaration of Locke that the soul has knowledge in itself	222

Opinions of Cudworth on the subject of internal knowledge	223

Further remarks of the same writer on this subject	224

Secondary laws and their connexion with the primary	225

Ideas of existence mind selfexistence and personal identity	234

Connexion of our ideas of extension and time	235

Origin of the idea of externality	236

Idea of matter or material existence	237

Origin of the idea of motion	238

Of the nature of unity and the origin of that notion	239

Nature of succession and origin of the idea of succession	240

Origin of the notion of duration	241

Marks or characteristics of time	243

The idea of space not of external origin	245

The idea of space has its origin in suggestion	246

Characteristic marks of the notion of space	247

Of the origin of the idea of power	249

Origin of the idea of the first or primitive	250

Of the ideas of right and wrong	251

Origin of the ideas of moral merit and demerit	252

Of other elements of knowledge developed in suggestion	253

Suggestion a source of principles as well as of ideas CHAP III CONSCIOUSNESS	254

Consciousness the second source of internal knowledge its nature	256

Further remarks on the proper objects of consciousness	257

Consciousness a ground or law of belief	258

Instances of knowledge developed in consciousness	259

Of committing to writing as a means of aiding the memory	260

RELATIVE SUGGESTION OR JUDGMENT 200 Of the susceptibility of perceiving or feeling relations	261

Occasions on which feelings of relation may arise	262

Of the use of correlative terms	263

204	264

206	265

207	266

209	268

210	270

211	271

Process of the mind in all cases of reasoning	272

Of habits of reasoning	278

Demonstrations do not admit of different degrees of belief	284

Care to be used in correctly stating the subject of discussion	299

Consider the kind of evidence applicable to the subject	300

Tendency of the mind to pass from the sign to the thing signified	301

Whether there be heat in fire	302

Page	303

Benefit of examining such connexions of thought	304

Power of the will over mental associations	305

Association controlled by indirect voluntary power	306

Further illustrations of indirect voluntary power	307

MEMORY 245 Remarks on the general nature of memory	309

Of memory as a ground or law of belief	310

Of differences in the strength of memory	311

Of circumstantial memory or that species of memory which is based on the relations of contiguity in time and place	312

Ilustrations of specific or circumstantial memory	314

Of philosophic memory or that species of memory which is based on other relations than those of contiguity	315

Further illustrations of philosophic memory	317

Of that species of memory called intentional recollection	318

Instance illustrative of the preceding	319

258	327

259	329

261	330

262	331

263	333

First cause of permanently vivid conceptions or apparitions Morbid sensibility of the retina of the	338

Second cause of permanently excited conceptions or apparitions Neglect of periodical bloodletting	339

Methods of relief adopted in this case	340

Third cause of excited conceptions Attacks of fever	341

Fourth cause of apparitions and other excited conceptions In flammation of the brain	342

Facts having relation to the fourth cause of excited conceptions 429	344

Meaning of the term and kinds of insanity	345

Of disordered or alienated sensations	346

Of disordered or alienated external perception	347

Disordered state or insanity of original suggestion	348

Unsoundness or insanity of consciousness	349

Insanity of the judgment or relative suggestion	350

Disordered or alienated association Lightheadedness	351

Illustrations of this mental disorder	352

Of partial insanity or alienation of the memory	353

Of the power of reasoning in the partially insane	354

Instance of the above form of disordered reasoning	355

Of readiness of reasoning in the partially insane	356

Partial mental alienation by means of the imagination	357

Insanity or alienation of the power of belief	358

Idea of total insanity or delirium	359

Of perception in cases of total or delirious insanity	360

Of association in delirious insanity	361

Illustration of the above section	362

Of the memory in connexion with delirious insanity	363

Of the power of reasoning in total or delirious insanity	364

Of the form of insanity called furor or madness	365

Of the causes of the different kinds of insanity	366

Of moral accountability in mental alienation	367

Caution to be used in reasoning from analogy	368

Of the treatment of the insane	369

On the sophism of estimating actions and character from the cir cumstances of success merely	379

Of adherence to our opinions	380

Effects on the mind of debating for victory instead of truth CHAP XIV IMAGINATION	381

Imagination an intellectual process closely related to reasoning	383

Definition of the power of imagination	384

Of the sense of touch and its sensations in general	385

309	386

311	387

312	388

314	390

315	391

317	394

318	396

319	397

Feelings of sympathy aided by the imagination	398

COMPLEX IDEAS OF INTERNAL ORIGIN 321 Of complex ideas of external origin	399

Nature of complex ideas of internal origin 323 Of complex notions formed by the repetition of the same thing	400

Of the help afforded by names in the combination of numbers	401

Instances of complex notions made up of different simple ideas	402

Not the same internal complex ideas in all languages	404

Origin of the complex notion of a Supreme Being	406

Section DIVISION FIRST THE INTELLECT OR UNDERSTANDING	409

CONNEXION OF THE MIND AND BODY 398	411

The mind constituted on the principle of a connexion with the body	412

Illustration of the subject from the effects of old	413

The connexion of the bodily system with the mental shown from the effects resulting from diseases	414

Shown also from the effects of stimulating drugs and gases	415

Influence on the body of excited imagination and passion	416

This doctrine of use in explaining mental phenomena	417

EXCITED CONCEPTIONS OR APPARITIONS 335 Of excited conceptions and of apparitions in general	418

Of the less permanent excited conceptions of sight	419

Of the less permanent excited conceptions of sound	421

447	447

451	451

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Elements of Mental Philosophy: Embracing the Two Departments of ..., Volume 1
Thomas Cogswell Upham
Full view - 1843

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Thomas Cogswell Upham
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Elements of Mental Philosophy, Volume 1
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Full view - 1831

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Common terms and phrases

acquired action affections antecedent apparent magnitude appear apply ascribed assert association attention belief blind body called cause ception circumstances colour complex notion conceptions connexion consciousness consideration considered constitution degree direct distance distinct doctrine dreams eral evidence exercise existence experience express extension external objects external origin fact ginal give habit hearing Hence human voice instance intel intellectual internal James Mitchell jects knowledge language material world matter means memory mental mental philosophy merely nature ness nexion Nominalists notice occasion operations organ outward papillæ particular perceive person philosophy possess present principle propositions Puiseaux qualities reasoning reference relation remark respect retina sensations exhibit sense of touch sidered sight simple smell sophism soul sound speak statement suggestion supposed susceptible taste term ternal testimony things tion train of thought true truth tympanum VENTRILOQUISM ventriloquist visual perception volition whole words writers

Bibliographic information

Title	Elements of Mental Philosophy: Embracing the Two Departments of the Intellect and the Sensibilities, Volume 1 Elements of Mental Philosophy: Embracing the Two Departments of the Intellect and the Sensibilities, Thomas Cogswell Upham
Author	Thomas Cogswell Upham
Publisher	Harper, 1845
Original from	the University of Michigan
Digitized	26 Jan 2011
Length	470 pages

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