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PERCENTAGE OF NEGROES IN THE TOTAL POPULATION: 1910.

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PER CENT OF NEGROES IN TOTAL POPULATION, BY STATES: 1920. [District of Columbia, 25.1 per cent, not shown separately on the map.]

PERCENTAGE BY STATES OF BLACK ELEMENT IN NEGRO POPULATION UNITED STATES 1850

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Over 95% S. C.

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80-85% Mo., Va., N. J., N. Y., R. I. (5) 70-80% Vt., Ct., Mass., Penn., D. C. (6) 60-70% Me., N. H. 40-50% Ohio, Minn,. Utah. (9) 20-30% Oregon, New Mex.

(2) 90-95% Ga., Ala., Miss., Fla., Del., Cal., Tenn.

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85-90% Ark., Tex.. La., Ky., N. C., Md. (7) 50-60% Mich.. Ind., Ill., Wis., Iowa. Territories. Population not Reported.

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PERCENTAGE BY STATES OF BLACK ELEMENT IN NEGRO POPULATION UNITED STATES 1910

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85-90,% Del., Wyoming (2) 80-85,% N. J., Penn., Md., S, C., Ga., Fla. Ala., Miss., Ark., Tex. Mo., N. D., Neb., Kan.. N. C., Ky., Tenn., La., Okla., N. Mex., Ariz., Utah, Oregon Ill., Wis. Minn., S. D., D. C., Va., W. Va., Mont., Idaho, Col., Wash., Calif., Nev.,

(3) 70-80,% Vt., Ct., N. Y., Ind., Ia.
60-70,% N. H.,Mass.. R. I.,, Ohio,
(5) 50-60,% Me., Mich.

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The census report for 1920, Vol. 11, page 16 says: "Considerable uncertainty necessarily attaches to the classification of Negroes as black and mulatto, since the accuracy of the distinction made depends largely upon the judgment and care employed by the enumerators. Moreover, the fact that the definition of the term "Mulatto" adopted at different censuses has not been entirely uniform doubtless affects the comparability of the figures in some degree. At the census of 1920 the instructions were to report as "black" all full-blooded Negroes and as "mulatto" all Negroes having some proportion of white blood. The instructions were substantially the same at the censuses of 1910 and 1870, but the term "black" as employed in 1890 denoted all persons "having three-fourths or more black blood," other persons with any proportion of Negro blood being classed as "mulattoes," "quadroons,' or "octoroons." In 1900 and in 1880 no classification of Negroes as black or mulatto was attempted, and at the censuses of 1860 and 1850 the terms "black" and "mulatto" appear not to have been defined.

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The Editor of the Negro Year Book is of the opinion that some probable causes for the apparent decrease in the number of mulattoes in 1920 as compared with 1910 are, (1): As already noted above, many Negroes were probably not enumerated in 1920. (2) Many mulattoes of dark complexion were, no doubt, returned as blacks. (3) Many mulattoes of very light complexion were, no doubt, returned as whites.

The explanation as given by the United States Census, Volume 2, 1920 Census, Page 17 is that: "It is likely that the explanation of the relatively large proportion of mulattoes shown for 1910 may be found in part in the fact that a large proportion of the Negro population was canvassed by Negro enumerators in that year than in any other census year. It is probable that the practice of return ing as black those mulattoes who had but a small admixture of white blood was greater among the white than among the Negro enumerators. Moreover, the Negro enumerators may have taken somewhat greater care than did the white enumerators to ascertain whether Negroes whom they were not able to interview personally were blacks or mulattoes.

"In order to ascertain the probable effect of the employment of Negro enumerators in 1910 upon the proportion of the Negro population returned as mulattoe in that year as compared with 1920, a special tabulation was made for the 16 Southern States and the District of Columbia and for 10 Northern States: Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri and Kansas-in all of which a part of the Negro population was canvassed by Negro enumerators in 1910. The total Negro population of the area covered was 10,303,399 in 1920 and 9,714,770 in 1910, or between 98 and 99 per cent of the total Negro population of the United States in each year. The number of enumeration districts in this area in which Negro enumerators were employed in 1910 was 2,055. This special tabulation brought out the following facts:

"Considering as one group those counties in each of which three or more Negro enumerators were employed in 1910, the percentage mulatto in the Negro population decreased from 21-8 in that year to 16.1 in 1920; considering as another

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