of these people from the native standpoint, and from original sources mainly traditional and oral. The chapter subjects of Part One of the book are, "Origin and Early History," "The Origin of the Tribes," "Religion," "Government,' "Yoruban Names," "Yoruban Towns and Villages," "The Principles of Land Law," and "Manners and Customs." Part Two is divided into four periods as follows: "Mythological Kings and Deified Heroes," "Revolutionary Wars and Disruption," "Growth of Prosperity and Oppression," "Arrest of Disintegration," "Inter-Tribal Wars" and "The British Protectorate."

Brief Reviews of books by white persons, on or relating to the Negro, and published in 1922-1924, follow:

"From an Old Garden"-Virginia Woodward Cloud. Norman Remington Co., Baltimore, 1922. This thin book of verse, 30 pages, is in dialect, and the themes are all of nature, and sing of the trees and flowers in spring, in summer and the autumn.

"Poetry by American Negroes, An Anthology of Verse by American Negroes." Edited with critical introduction, biographical sketches of the authors and biological notes-Newman I. White and Walter C. Jackson. Trinity College Press, Durham, N. C., 1924, $2.00. "This book is published because it represents,' says the Editorial note, "meritorious work in the study of a field of American literature hitherto somewhat neglected, and for the purpose of providing for both white people and Negroes material in convenient form for the study of a body of poetic work, in which both races are naturally interested.'

"Negro Poets and Their Poems"-Robert T. Kerlin. Associated Publishers, Washington, 1923. $1.50. The selections noted by the author are grouped under the following heads: "The Present-Day Negro Heritage of Song,' "The Present Renaissance of the Negro," "The Heart of Negro Womanhood," "Ad Astra Per Aspera," "The New Forms of Poetry," "Dialect Verse," "The Poetry of Protest" and "Miscellaneous.' This book makes two contributions to the progress of Interracial understanding, on the one hand it reveals to Negroes themselves a region of largely unexplored spiritual treasure, and on the other hand interprets to white people the heart and mind of the Negro."

"Mister Fish Kelly"-Robert McBlair. D. Appleton & Co., New York, 1924. $2.00. This is a novel purporting to be of Negro life in the South. Fish Kelly, the hero of the novel, is represented as shiftless, lazy and, yet withal, likable. This novel is in the same class as the E. K. Means stories, and while interesting from a literary standpoint and full of wit and humor, "Should not be taken as representing," as one reviewer has said, "Negro character at its best." The author follows the usual custom of most white writers in "Representing the Negro in story as either a clown, a villian or else a faithful and useful servant to some white person."

"Birthright," A Novel-T. S. Stribling. The Century Company, New York, 1922. This novel is an effort to present the problem of the educated Negro in the small Southern community. The story is well told, and has much literary merit. The race relations problems in the small Southern community are well presented. There is dissent, however, from the writer's conclusions with reference to the outlook and moral standards of the educated Negro. There is also dissent from the conclusion that the desire and struggle for education, and for uplift was due to the white blood in the principal characters of the book.

"Green Thursday"-Julia Peterkin, Alfred A. Knopf Company, New York, 1924, $2.50. The stories in "Green Thursday" are all laid on the same plantation and with the exception of the first one, "Ashes," have to do with the experiences of Killdee, a Negro tenant farmer, and his family. They are an intimate description of the life of a Negro tenant farmer. They are well told and the book possesses literary merit, and although dialect is used, in no instance is the Negro caricatured or held up to ridicule. One must not expect to find in "Green Thursday" a description of or an insight into the present situation as it affects the Negro even in South Carolina where the scene of the stories is laid, for the general progress of the State and the advance of the boll weevil have caused many Negro

tenant farmers of the Killdee type either to migrate or to change their mode of farming and living.

"White-Blood"-Vara A. Majette, The Stratford Company, Boston, 1924. $2.50. A novel dealing with the race problem. The scene is in Georgia and for the most part is on a turpentine plantation. The writer appears to be intimately acquainted with conditions in Southern Georgia and particularly with the practices by which Negro laborers are kept in debt and reduced to a state of peonage. Although there are extended descriptions of the political and economic conditions in the State as they affect the Negro, the central theme of the book is the problem of miscegenation as it exists "outside of the law" in the South. Like most writers on this theme, the author takes the ground that a consuming desire and ambition of the Negro is to be white. The book deals only with the lower types of the laboring class of Negroes. Almost all phases of the race problem, however, are dealt with, especially the injustice which the Negro suffers through the lynching evil. What shall the white South do with reference to the race problem? is also one of the questions raised. In order to get the Negro's point of view on the same problems in the same section of Georgia, one should read "The Fire In The Flint." The two volumes furnish a vivid picture of the darker phases of the race problem in the South.

"White and Black," A Novel.-Hubert Anthony Shands. Harcourt Brace and Company, New York, 1922. The scene of this story is in Texas and undertakes to deal with the many phases of the problem of white and black people living together in a Southern community. The problem of plantation Negro tenancy, the morals of white and black, the law and its application to white and black, and a lynching are all woven into the story which is taken largely from real life.

"The Land of Cotton," A Novel.-Dorothy Scarborough. The McMillan Company, New York, 1923. The story is full of facts about the growing and marketing of cotton and the many troubles from the boll weevil, floods and droughts incident to its production. All of this, however, is a work covering the tragedy of the growing of cotton under present conditions, where the labor is mainly of "poor whites" and "Negroes."

"Veiled Aristocrats," A Novel.-Gertrude Sanborn. The Associated Publishers, Washington, 1924 $1.50. The Plot of the story is in Chicago. Conditions throughout the country as they relate to the Negro, however, are depicted. By veiled aristocrats the author means Negroes with white blood in their veins. It is upon this that the story turns. As a story the novel is interesting. As emphasizing the artistic side of Negro life it has some significance. One can well question, however, the contradictory premise on which this novel, like the many other novels dealing with race mixture, is based for it seems to connote on the one hand that misceganation is a menace to society and should be prohibited and on the other hand that the progress of the Negro race in the higher things of life is due to admixture of white blood.

"Holiday," A Novel.-Waldo Frank. Boni and Liveright Publishers, New York, 1923, $2.00. The scene of Holiday is in the South of to-day. The attempt is to set forth by means of a story, the race prejudice, bitterness, wrongs and injustices which are ever present. 'A very beautiful and finely educated Southern girl, possessing not only charm, but kindness and an uplifting spirit, typifies the tolerant Southerner. An intelligent Negro youth, conscious of race distinctions and accepting this without protest, also kind and helpful. It is around these two characters the story is built. The tragedy comes when at a chance meeting of the two there came “sympathy, understanding, emotion a release of spirit and body" and for the youth death by a mob.

"Nigger," A Novel.-Clement Wood. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1922, $2.00. The scene of the book is in Wilcox County, Alabama, and Birmingham, Alabama. The book treats of the Race Problem in its various aspects. This is done by describing what happened to the members of a Negro family on a plantation in Wilcox County and later after this family had migrated to Birmingham. The period covered is from Emancipation to the Present. The story is interestingly told.

"Prancing Nigger."-Ronald Firbank, Brentano's, New York, 1924, $2.00. A novel, dealing with the social advances and amorous adventures of a West Indian Negro family. As a piece of literature it is good.

"La Randonee' de Samba Diouf (The Long Walk of Samba Diouf)," A Novel.

-Jerome and Jean Tharoud, Paris, 1922, 7 fr. This is the story of an African youth who started to get an inheritance left him by his grand father. On the way he is seized and sent to France, to help fill out the quoto required from that part of the French possessions. He eventually helped to make history at Verdun. In this dramatic story the contrasts between two worlds is skillfully drawn. On the one hand the simple life of an African Native, on the other the European cataclysm. These two worlds meet in the person Samba Diouf.

"Colored Soldiers," Stories of the World War.-W. Irwin MacIntyre. The J. W. Burke Co., Macon, Ga., 1923, $1.25. This is a series of stories dealing with the colored soldiers drafted in the World War and are given by the author as received without comment and constitute a book of very humorous stories. Among the titles of these stories are "Scran Jenning's Whiskey," "Corporal Shoe-Blacker," "Presidential Interference,' ," "The Grave Digger," "The 'K. P's' or A Dark Knight in June," "The Razor Raffle," "Skeeter and the Dentist,' "Cuffy Greene," "Capt. Pig-Iron-Pete."

"Dark Days and Black Knights"-Octavius Roy Cohen. Dodd, Meade & Co., New York, 1923, $2.00. The work consists of eight stories: "Music Hath Charms," "Presto Change," "The Widow's Bite," "The B. V. Demon," "Focus Pokus," "His Bitter Half," "Far Better Than Worse" and "Completelv Done in Oils." These stories have literary merit and are well done. On the other hand, they present no truths and are not representative of the significant, the important things in Negro life. They are intended for amusement rather than instruction.

"Sun Clouds"-Octavius Roy Cohen. Dodd Meade & Company, New York, 1924, $2.00. These are Negro stories in Cohen's typical style. They are humorous, entertaining, and full of caricature. Being stories, they, of course lack a certain reality. They are exaggerations and in some respect distortions. They are to be read for entertainment only and not for insight into Negro life as it really is in Birmingham, Alabama.

Pub

"Bert Williams, Son of Laughter. A Symposium of Tribute to the Man and to His Work by His Friends and Associates." Edited by Mable Rowland. lished by the English Crafters, New York, 1923. The editor says: "My purpose is, to fulfill the desire of that splendid artist and fine gentleman, Egbert Austin Williams, which was that some day the many thousands of persons who made up his audience, should know something of the hopes and fears, joys and sorrows which actuated and inspired or dominated and controlled him."

"The Black Border," Gullah Stories of the Carolina Coast.-Ambrose E. Gonzales, The State Company, Columbia, 1922, $3.00. This is a collection of very interesting and humorous stories under such titles as "The Cunjuh that came Back," "The Wiles that in the Woman Are," "Jim Moultry's Divorce," "Waiting Till the Bridegrooms Come," "One Was Taken, The Other Was Left" and "Eggzactly." An extended glossary of some 1700 words enables the reader to understand the Gullah dialect which in many respects is almost like a foreign language. "The Black Border" is an important addition to the literature of Negro folklore in the United States.

"Folk-lore of the Sea Islands, South Carolina."-Elsie Clews Parsons, published by The American Folk-lore Society, New York, 1923. A very interesting and valuable collection of Folk-tales and Folk ways and notions, as these Folk tales and Folk ways and notions are now found on the Sea Islands of South Carolina for these tales were collected in 1919.

"Public Education in the South."-Edgar W. Knight, Ginn and Company, New York, 1922. The preface states that "The book attempts to give the first general survey yet published in a single volume of the growth of public educational organization and practices in those eleven States which formed the Confederacy. The study seeks to trace the development of the democratic principles of education in the South, to explain their apparently slow application or practical acceptance, and to point out from the past certain valuable lessons for the educational problems of the present." The titles of the thirteen chapters of the book are: "European Antecedents,” "Colonial Theory and Practice," "Public Education of Dependents: The Apprenticeship System," "The Academy Movement,' "Beginnings in the Older States," "Permanent Public-School Funds,' "The Awakening And Attempt At Reform," "School Practices Before 1860," "Reorganization After the War," "Education During Reconstruction," "The Peabody

Fund and the Rise of City Schools,""Re-adjustment and the Re-awakening,” "The Present System: Its Task and Tendencies."

"More Light. A Treatise On Tuberculosis Written Especially For The Negro Race."-John H. Woodcock. The Advocate Publishing Company, Asheville, N. C., 1924, $1.50. Written in the interest of the layman that a fuller knowledge of Tuberculosis may be acquired." Contains much useful information concerning the treatment of tuberculosis for the layman and indicates the growing interest of white people of the South in the welfare of Negroes.

"The Negro in Industry."-Survey Report, No. 5 of the American Management Association, New York, 1923. This report concerning the Negro in industry is, in fact, a survey of the Negro in industry. The report, on the whole, is interesting and informing and is of especial interest from the standpoint of the employer of labor. The subjects considered in the report are "The Present Situation," "The Negro," "The Negro in Industry," "Types of Negro Workers," "Negro Migration," "The Character of the Negro," "The Negro as an Industrial Worker," "Procuring a Negro Labor Supply," "Employing the Negro," "The Housing Problem" and "The Future."

"A History of Organized Felony and Folly." The Record of Union Labor in Crime and Economics, New York, 1923. This is a collection of a series of 32 articles published in the Wall Street Journal in 1922 and are intended to show the record for 20 years of union labor in the United States. One chapter in the book under the title "Getting Rid of Negroes," is devoted to the labor unions part in the East St. Louis Riot. Another chapter under the title, “Union Butchers at Work," gives the labor unions part in the lynching of the Negro butcher during the strike of the Butchers Union in Oklahoma City.

"The Negro in Tennessee, 1790-1855, A Study in Southern Politics."-Ph. D. Thesis, Columbia University-Caleb Perry Patterson, University of Texas bulletin, 2205, Austin, Texas, 1922. This work is a study of the history of slavery in Tennessee in its various aspects, political, religious, social and economic and is a valuable contribution to the literature relating to slavery in particular states. "The Anti-Slavery Movement in Kentucky Prior to 1850.”—Asa Earl Martin, Filson Club Publication No. 29, Standard Printing Co., Louisville, 1918. This work is an important addition to the literature on the abolition and anti-slavery movement in the slave states. The work contains much valuable information not hitherto accessible to the average student.

"Reconstruction In Arkansas, 1862-1874."-Ph. D. Thesis. Columbia University, New York, 1923. This volume is a valuable contribution to the literature of the Reconstruction Period. The method and form of treatment is the same as that followed in other studies of Reconstruction in particular states. Only the political side of Reconstruction is studied. An adequate and comprehensive study would include all phases of reconstruction, economic and social as well as political.

"The Twenty-fourth Infantry Past and Present. A brief history of the regiment compiled from official records, under the direction of the Regimental Commander."-William G. Muller, Captain and Adjutant, 24th Infantry, Ft. Benning, Columbus, Ga., 1923. While this history is purely documentary, it has great value as a source book of information for writing a history of the Negro in the regular army.

"The Populist Movement in Georgia." A view of the Agrarian Crusade in the light of solid South Politics-Alex. Mathews Arnett., Ph. D. Thesis, Columbia University, 1922. This is an interesting and illuminating study of the causes, manifestations and results of the populist movement as they appeared in Georgia and at the same time throws light on the political changes in the South after the Reconstruction Period.

"The Negroes of Lynchburg, Virginia."-Benjamin Guy Childs, Phelps-Stokes Fellow in the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., 1923. This is the fifth number in the series of studies on the race problem promoted at the University of Virginia by the Phelps-Stokes Fund and is an addition to the series of studies of Negroes in local communities which have from time to time been made in various sections of the country.

"Race Differences in Inhibition." A Psychological Study of the comparative characteristics of the Negro and the White man as measured by certain Tests, with Especial References to the Problem of Volition, Ph. D. Thesis, Columbia University—Albert Loyal Crane. Published in the Archives of Psychology,

No. 63, New York, March, 1923. While the writer draws a number of conclusions, as a result of his study, one can well raise the question as to the validity. of these conclusions for the reason that another experimenter with an equal number of subjects, 200 whites and 100 Negroes, might obtain a different result. One can also raise the question what would be the result if the experimenters were Negroes and the subjects were equally divided between Whites and Negroes.

"The Education and Economic Development of The Negro In Virginia," W. H. Brown, Phelps-Stokes Fellow in The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., 1923. This is the sixth number in the series of studies on the race problem promoted at the University of Virginia by the Phelps-Stokes Fund. The study endeavors to present a history of the education of the Negro in Virginia from Colonial times to the present. Chapters are also devoted to the "Negro Farmer and Land Owner," "Home Ownership," "Occupations" and Busi

ness.

"The Comparative Ability of White and Negro Children."-Joseph Peterson, Comparative Psychological Monographs No. 5, Baltimore, July, 1923. The tests for this study were made under the direction of the Jessup Psychological Laboratory of George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville, Tenn. The tests for the study made in six different school systems as follows: Nashville, Tenn.; Hamilton County, Tenn.; Shelby County, Tenn.; Elizabeth City, N. C.; Wilmington, N. C. and Ashley County, Ark. While the material brought together is comparatively large and is interesting, no new and definite information concerning the comparative ability of White and Negro children, is presented, that is no differences in ability which it can be demonstrated absolutely as not being due to differences in environment.

"The Changing Race Relationship in the Border and Northern States."-H. G. Duncan, Philadelphia, 1922. This production, the author's thesis (Ph. D.) at the University of Pennsylvania, discusses Migration, Segregation and other forms of Race Distinctions, Sex Relationship, Religious Relationship, Riots, Lynchings, and other crimes. Although there is evidence of considerable work in the preparation of this study, it does not make any contribution to knowledge in this field.

"The Negro Press in the United States."-F. G. Detweiler., University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1922, price, $3.00. This study of the Negro press is a serious attempt to find out the character of the publications issued by Negroes, their history and their influence. The title of the several chapters of the book indicate the thoroughgoing and comprehensive way in which the study was made. The titles of these chapters are: "Volume and Influence of the Negro Press, "The Negro Press in Slavery Days," "The Negro Press in Freedom," "Favorite Themes of the Negro Press," "What is in a Negro Paper," "The Demand for Rights," "Other Solutions of the Race Problem," "Negro Life," "Negro Criticisms of Negro Life."

"Negro School Attendance in Delaware." A report to the State Board of Education-Richard Watson Cooper and Herman Cooper, Newark, Delaware, 1923. The foreword of the book states that "The study described in this book is probably the most extensive study of school attendance that has ever been reported upon." It is, at any rate, the most extensive study of school attendance of colored children which has been reported upon. The sixteen chapters in the study take up the problem of school attendance from many angles. The last four chapters of the book deal with the causes of absence. Many maps and graphs illuminate and illustrate the study. The work is a valuable addition to the literature on the education of the Negro.

"Slavery And Its Results."-Alfred H. Benners, The J. W. Burke Company, Macon, Ga., 1923, .75. The author's preface says "Among other things that the book gives his personal recollections for seventy-four years." It deals with the Civil War and its causes, the slaves, the slave owners, the treatment of slaves, and while in part a brief in defence of the South, it is also an effort to trace the orderly development of the Negro from a condition of savagery to one of citizenship.

"When Black Meets White."-John Louis Hill, The Argyle Publishers, Chicago, 1922. A discussion of the Race Problem. "The author makes no plea," he says, "for colored people as such. In fact, after birth and training in the South