with a common authority.-How involved in the construction of the Senate.-How
made more precise in the Amendments.-Particulars in which the element of the
States was recognized.-A new rule of construction applied to the American Union.
-The necessity which originated it.-The Constitution of the United States not a
political revolution. The creature of the States.-True interpretation of its moral
grandeur.-The bond of the Union a voluntary one.-No mission apart from the
States. Why coercion of the States was not necessary.-How the Union stood
for an American nationality.-Its power to reach individuals.-The Union, in
practice, rather a rough companionship than a national identity.-Right of seces-
sion. Not necessary to discuss it. The development of the Union a North and
South, and not disintegrated States.-Profound invention of Calhoun of South Car-
olina. How it was a Union measure, and not "Nullification.".
What the American colonies contended for.--Burke's idea.-The first American Con-
gress.--Its demands.--How the question of independence was developed.-Vir-
ginia the first to move for independence.-The Declaration of Independence.-The
Articles of Confederation.-Diverse character and circumstances of the colonies.--
The gentry of Virginia and the Carolinas.-Early type of the Yankee.-Difference
of races. Its value in historical inquiries.-Commercial spirit of New England
in the revolution.-The nature and the value of "the Confederation."—John Ad-
ams' idea." Perpetual Union."-The Confederation a makeshift of the war.-
"State-rights" in the treaty of 1783.-How the revolution succeeded.-Its illustra-
tion of the value of endurance.-Liberty invariably the fruit of rebellion.-The
two conditions of all history..
The times of Thomas Jefferson.-Manners and appearance of the man.-His Demo^-
racy. Its application to the relations of the States and Federal Government.-Ori-
gin of the Republican or Democratic party.-The idea of consolidation.-New
York, and the New England States.-Early political preaching in New England.-
The Alien and Sedition laws.-How the latter infringed the rights of the States.-
The Kentucky Resolutions.-A fact not in the record.-Mr. Jefferson on "nullifi-
cation."-Why the Kentucky Resolutions were modified.—The Virginia Resolutions.
-The replies of the New England States, and of New York.-Jefferson's triumph.
-A new era at Washington.....
The slavery question.-A libel on political nomenclature.-A brief moral de-
fence of negro servitude in the South.-The history of its establishment.-
Accommodation of the slavery question in the Constitution.-Political history of
the question. The Hartford Convention.-Two blows aimed at the South.-Devel-
opment of the slavery controversy.-Mr. Jefferson's opinion as to slavery in
the territories.-The Missouri restriction.-The initial point of the war of sections.-
Mr. Jefferson's alarm.-The trace of disunion.-Real causes of conflict between
the North and the South.-The slavery question subordinate and yet conspicu-
ous. Why so?-How it was bound up in the conflict between State-rights and
consolidation.-Northern civilization.-An insolent democracy.-Yankee "gentle-
men."-Plainness of the South.-A noble type of civilization.-Effect of slavery
on the political and social character of the South.-Yankee vulgarity.-Why the
South was the nursery of American statesmen..