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the Whigs were disorganized, and Lord Derby-who had succeeded to the title in 1851-was commanded by the Queen to form a Government. He enjoyed the sweets of office for but a short time, however. He had a hopeless minority in the House of Commons, and the opposing chiefs in a few months agreed to sink their differences and to join in a coalition of "all the talents," under Lord Aberdeen. For five years Lord Derby was in Opposition, and then once more, through the dissensions of the Liberal party, found himself in Downing-street. He had now, however, a stronger Cabinet, and all that he wanted for success was a majority in the House of Commons. The Tory Ministry of 1858-59 made a good fight. In face of considerable resistance they carried their India Bill, by which the Government of our most splendid dependency was transferred from the East India Company to the Sovereign; and in a most memorable debate on Lord Canning's Indian Administration they completely routed their adversaries. The Colonial Administration of Sir Edward Lytton, too, showed a vigorous originality, which gave great satisfaction, and the attempt of Mr. Disraeli to carry a measure of Parliamentary Reform, although it was unsuccessful, extorted the praise even of his opponents. The country, when appealed to, failed to give it support. Lord Palmerston returned to power, and for seven long years the Tories languished in the wilderness.

During this period Lord Derby began to show signs of advancing age, though his mind, indeed, gave no proof of decay. He was still willing to sacrifice himself for his party, and no one joined more earnestly than he in its struggles with Mr. Gladstone when the French Treaty was under discussion. His speech on the repeal of the Paper Duty was a wonder in its way-a marvel of felicitous statement and clear arrangement of financial details, but it could give those who heard it no adequate idea of his old style-its music, its fire, its rapidity, its irresistible dash. In his youth he had been fond of translation, and he now set himself the task of translating the "Iliad." He executed this with much spirit and correctness, and it was a work of which he had reason to be proud.

In 1866 the Reform Bill of Lord Russell's Government was rejected, and Lord Derby, for the third and last time, returned to power. During the next year the great Tory chief induced his followers to pass an Act establishing Household Suffrage; and early in the

following one he resigned the direction of his Government and of his party to Mr. Disraeli, himself retiring very much into private life, and content to serve rather as an adviser than as a commander of the Tory host. He made a last and characteristic speech in the House of Lords on the occasion of the second reading of the Irish Church Bill, which he vehemently denounced.

"We have spoken of Lord Derby," says the Times," chiefly as a statesman. But, after all, it was the man-ever brilliant and impulsive-that most won the admiration of his countrymen. He was a splendid specimen of an Englishman; and whether he was engaged in furious debate with demagogues, or in lowly conversation on religion with little children, or in parley with jockeys, while training Toxophilite, or rendering Homer into English verse, or in stately Latin discourse as the Chancellor of his University, or in joyous talk in a drawing-room among ladies, whom he delighted to chaff, or in caring for the needs of Lancashire operatives,-there was a force and a fire about him that acted like a spell. Of all his public acts none did him more honour, and none made a deeper impression on the minds of his countrymen, than his conduct on the occasion of the cotton famine in Lancashire. No man in the kingdom sympathized more truly than he with the distress of the poor Lancashire spinners, and, perhaps, no man did so much as he for their relief. It was not simply that he gave them a princely donation : he worked hard for them in the committee which was established in their aid; he was, indeed, the life and soul of the committee; and for months at that bitter time he went about doing good by precept and example, so that myriads in Lancashire now bless his name. He will long live in memory as one of the most remarkable, and indeed irresistible, men of our time-a man privately beloved and publicly admired, who showed extraordinary cleverness in many ways; was the greatest orator of his day, and was the most brilliant, though not the most successful, Parliamentary leader of the last half-century."

The Earl of Derby left three children -the eldest, Edward Henry, Lord Stanley, Foreign Secretary from 1866 to 1868, born in 1826; the second, the Hon. Frederick Stanley, M.P., who married a daughter of the Earl of Clarendon; and Lady Emma Charlotte, wife of Colonel the Hon. W. Talbot, brother to the Earl of Shrewsbury.

L

SIR J. EMERSON-TENNENT.

Sir James Emerson-Tennent, Knight and first Baronet, of Tempo Manor, in the county of Fermanagh, who died suddenly on the 6th of March, was the third and only surviving son of the late Mr. William Emerson, of Ardmore, county Armagh, an eminent merchant at Belfast, by Sarah, youngest daughter of the late Mr. William Arbuthnot, of Rockville, in the county of Down. He was born at Belfast on the 7th of April, 1794, and was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he took the usual degrees, and ultimately proceeded LL.D. Soon after this he travelled abroad, and, among other countries, visited Greece; he was enthusiastic in the cause of Greek freedom, and while there made the acquaintance of Lord Byron. In 1831 he was called to the Bar at Lincoln's-inn, where he had entered himself as a student by the advice and under the auspices of Jeremy Bentham, but we are not aware that he ever practised or intended to practise that profession, as in the June of the same year he married Letitia, only daughter and heiress of Mr. William Tennent, a wealthy banker at Belfast, whose name and arms he assumed by Royal licence in addition to his own. He entered Parliament as M.P. for Belfast in December, 1832, and was again elected in December, 1834; but he failed to obtain re-election at the dissolution consequent upon the King's death in the summer of 1837, though he was seated on petition in the following year. He was again returned for Belfast at the general election of 1841; but he now found the tables turned upon him, for a Parliamentary Committee unseated him. He regained his seat, however, in the following year, and held it until 1845, when, having held for some time the post of Secretary to the India Board, he accepted from Sir Robert Peel the Colonial Secretaryship of Ceylon. He was knighted on his appointment to this post, which he held until the end of the year 1850. He discharged the office of Secretary to the Poor-Law Board under Lord Derby's first Administration from February to November, 1852, during which year also he sat in Parliament as M.P. for Lisburn. Just before the retirement of Lord Derby from office he was appointed Permanent Secretary to the Board of Trade, an office from which he retired in 1867, in the February of which year he was raised to a baronetcy. Sir James Emerson-Tennent was a deputy-lieutenant for the counties of Fermanagh and Sligo, a magistrate for Down,

Antrim, and Fermanagh, and a Knight Commander of the Greek Order of the Saviour. He was a frequent contributor to magazine literature, and a constant correspondent of Notes and Queries. He was the author also of some works of a more permanent character, among which we may mention his "Travels in Greece in 1852;" his "Letters from the Egean;" his " History of Modern Greece;" his "Belgium in 1840;" his "Essay on the Copyright of Designs," a subject which he had studied very care. fully while in Parliament; his "Wine, its Use and Taxation;" his "Account of Cey lon," an admirable and exhaustive work; and, lastly, his "History of Christianity in Ceylon." In politics Sir James was a Conservative of the English rather than of the Irish type. In early life, indeed, he had been a Liberal of a somewhat advanced character, and he first entered Parliament as a Reformer. He was, however, one of those who went over to the Tories about the same time with Lord Stanley, and during several Sessions his votes were given on the Tory side; but in his advanced years he ad. hered to the policy of Sir Robert Peel; and it was from Lord Palmerston's Government that he accepted his baronetcy.

By his marriage with Miss Tennent Sir James had issue one son and two daughters.

THE BISHOP OF EXETER.

This remarkable prelate was born at Bridgewater, in Somersetshire, on May 6, 1778, being the second son of Mr. John Phillpotts, a wholesale brickmaker of that place, who afterwards became landlord of that old-fashioned hotel at Gloucester, the Bell Inn, once kept by the father of the Rev. George Whitfield, born in the same house. The elder son of Mr. John Phillpotts became M.P. for Gloucester, but died in London many years ago. Henry Phillpotts was edacated at the College School, Gloucester, and thence passed to Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where, before he had attained his fourteenth year, he was elected to a scholarship. In June, 17%, he took his degree of B.A., and soon obtained the Chancellor's prize for an essay "On the Influence of Religioas Principle." Within a few weeks afterwards he was elected a Fellow of M dalen College, and subsequently receiva the prize offered by the Asiatic Society for a Latin panegyric on the celebrated Oriental scholar, Sir William Jones Having taken his degree of M.A., Mr

Dr.

Phillpotts, in 1804, married Miss Surtees, a niece of Lady Eldon, and resigned his fellowship; he became one of the chaplains of Dr. Shute Barrington, then Bishop of Durham, in 1806. He first distinguished himself in theological controversy by publishing a defence of an episcopal charge delivered by Dr. Barrington, whose remarks had been attacked by Dr. Lingard, the Roman Catholic historian. Three years afterwards he was made a Prebendary of Durham Cathedral, and with that dignity held the cure of one of the larger parishes in the city of Durham for ten years, when he was preferred to the rich rectory of Stanhope. In 1821 Mr. Phillpotts took his degree of D.D., and in 1825 he entered upon a controversy with Mr. Charles Butler, the author of "The Book of the Roman Catholic Church." Phillpotts published his answer in an octavo volume, entitled "Letters to Charles Butler, Esq., on the Theological Parts of his Book of the Roman Catholic Church, with Remarks on Certain Works of Dr. Milner and Dr. Lingard, and on some parts of the Evidence of Dr. Doyle before the Committee of the Houses of Parliament." In the ensuing year Dr. Phillpotts followed up the controversy by the publication of "A Supplemental Letter to Charles Butler, Esq., on some parts of the Evidence given by the Irish Roman Catholic Bishops, particularly by Dr. Doyle, before the Committee of the Two Houses of Parliament, in the Session of 1825; and also on Certain Passages in Dr. Doyle's Essay on the Catholic Claims." In the year 1827, when the question of Roman Catholic emancipation occupied so much public attention, Dr. Phillpotts published two "Letters to Mr. Canning," in which he insisted, as he had done before in a "Letter to Earl Grey," that the claims of the Catholics to political enfranchisement ought not to be conceded without “adequate securities for the Church of England." But in 1828 he accepted the Deanery of Chester from the Duke of Wellington, who about that time, in conjunction with Sir Robert Peel, made up his mind to grant Catholic emancipation. wards the end of 1830 the see of Exeter became vacant by the translation of Dr. Christopher Bethell to that of Bangor, and Dr. Phillpotts was appointed to ful it. As the income of the wee wat bot 27001. a year, he endeavoured to get, permission to keep the Rertory of tranhope, worth 5000l. a year, along with his bishopric. This was refused by ne Government of Earl Grey, which had just come in; but the Bianop was avera

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to enjoy his Durham prebend, of not much less value. In Parliament, for thirty Sessions and more, he figured as a bitter opponent of the Whig Government, and the tone of his speeches in the House of Lords was extremely virulent. He was the most vehement opponent of the Reform Bill, Irish Church Reform, National Education, the Ecclesiastical Commission, and the New Poor Law. In his diocesan administration, during more than a quarter of a century, he involved himself in manifold contentions and litigations with some of the clergy and with some of the influential laity of Devonshire, having his own notions both of ecclesiastical discipline and of the rights of patronage and of presentation to benefices of the Church. His contests with the late and the present Duke of Somerset, and with the Rev. James Shore, minister of the Duke's chapel-ofease at Bridgetown, Totnes, were highly characteristic; as well as his proceedings against the Rev. H. E. Head, Rector of Feniton, upon a charge of heresy, and his refusal to institute the Rev. G. C. Gorham, Vicar of Brampford Speke, on the ground of his imperfect belief of the doctrine of baptismal regeneration. After a vast amount of litigation, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council finally decided in favour of Mr. Gorham, and ordered the Bishop of Exeter to perform the legal act of his institution. refused to do so; and it was therefore performed by the Archbishop of Canter bury, Dr. Sumner, in due execution of the law. The Bishop thereupon declared that his ecclesiastical superior was "a fautor of heretical tenets; that as such his Grace had "forfeited all right to Catholic communion;" and that he, the Bishop, "thereupon renounced commanion with him.” As to the Judges, "they had committed themselves to s statement notorionaly at variance with the facts of the ease; their judgment proceeded on an atter disregard of the canons of the Church, and the Berty tence, swayed by other mods your Yeaydom justice and truth, was a priestore pop top. sion of justice.?? The Mianop attempřed

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his intention to resign his see, and to accept the pension in that case provided by the late Act of Parliament; but had been unable, in his last illness, to complete the forms of resignation. He had taken no active part in public affairs since 1863, when he delivered his last charge to the clergy of his diocese, at his triennial tour of visitation; since which time he had lived in seclusion, having the assistance of Dr. Trower, Bishop of Gibraltar, to perform the episcopal business.

A writer in the Times remarks, "From the days of Pitt and Fox down to those of Gladstone and Bright few Parliamentary speakers have excelled the late Bishop. Tierney may have been more witty, Canning more brilliant, Sir James Mackintosh more philosophical, and Brougham more sarcastic, Lord Derby may be more of an orator, but they never surpassed Bishop Phillpotts in his general command of all these qualities, and in readiness and dexterity in debate. He was never at a loss either for words or for matter; and, thoroughly master of every subject that he took up, he surprised those who thought that the man who wielded the pen of controversy so well would prove an ordinary mortal when he passed within the portals of the House of Peers."

FIELD-MARSHAL VISCOUNT

GOUGH.

The Right Hon. Sir Hugh Gough, first Viscount Gough, of Goojerat, in the Punjaub, and of the city of Limerick; and Baron Gough, of Chin-Kean-Foo in China, and of Maharajpore and the Sutlej in the East Indies, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom; and a Baronet; K.P., G.C.B., G.C.S.I., P.C., a FieldMarshal in the Army, Colonel of the Royal Horse Guards (Blue), and Colonelin-Chief of the 60th Rifles, who died on the 2nd of March, at his residence, St. Helen's, Booterstown, near Dublin, was a descendant of the Right Rev. Francis Gough, Bishop of Limerick in 1626, and was the fourth son of George Gough, Esq., of Woodstown, in the county of Limerick, Lieutenant-Colonel of the Limerick Militia, by his wife, Letitia, daughter of the late Thomas Bunbury, Esq., of Lisnevagh and Moyle, in the county of Carlow. He was born Nov. 3, 1779. At the age of thirteen young Hugh Gough obtained a commission in father's regiment of Militia, from

he was transferred to the Line, mmission as an Ensign in the

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army dating from the 7th of August, 1794, and that of Lieutenant a month or two later. His first regiment was the 119th Foot, on the disbanding of which he passed into the 78th Highlanders, which he joined in 1795 at the Cape of Good Hope, in time to take part in the capture of that place and in that of the Dutch fleet in Saldanha Bay. We next find him serving in the 87th (the Royal Irish Fusiliers) in the West Indies, and present at the attack on Porto Rico and the capture of Surinam, and taking part in the brigand war in St. Lucia. had already gained a high reputation for soldierlike ability when, in 1809, he proceeded to the Peninsula, to join the army under the Duke of Wellington. As Major he had the temporary com. mand of his regiment, then before Oporto, and at its head took a brilliant part in the operations by which Soult was dislodged. In the battle of Talavera he was severely wounded in the side by a shell while charging the enemy, and he had his horse shot under him. His conduct in this action was so distinguished that the Duke of Wellington subsequently recommended him for promotion to a lieutenant-colonelcy, urging, also, that his commission should be antedated from the date of his despatch, and it is remarked in Hart's Army List, in reference to this fact, that Hugh Gough was the first officer who ever received brevet rank for services performed in the field at the head of a regiment. The next battle in which he took part was that of Barossa, where the corps he commanded had a large share in securing the fortunes of the day. Among the spoils of battle was an eagle with a collar of gold, which was captured from the 8th regiment of the enemy's light infantry, and which has ever since been borne as an honourable achievement on the colours of the

Royal Irish. We next find him taking part in the defence of Tarifa, where the portcullis tower and rampart, as the post of danger, were entrusted to him and his regiment, and where they greatly distinguished themselves in repulsing the final attack of the enemy, and com. pelling him to raise the siege. It is almost needless to add that the Royal Irish and their gallant leader were mentioned in terms of high praise in the General's despatches. Their conduct was scarcely less distinguished at Vittoria, where the 87th captured the bâton of Marshall Jourdan. At Nivelle Gough was again severely wounded, and was rewarded for his gallantry with the Gold Cross, and shortly afterwards received the Order of St. Charles from the King

of Spain. For his services at Tarifa and elsewhere his countrymen, proud of him as an Irishman, presented him with the freedom of the city of Dublin and with a sword of considerable value.

Returning to England at the end of the war, he enjoyed a brief respite from military duties; after which he was sent to take the command of the 22nd Foot, then stationed in the South of Ireland. At the same time he discharged the duties of a magistrate during a period of great excitement and disturbance. In

1830, at the age of fifty-one, he attained the rank of field-officer, and seven years later he was called again into active service in a part of the world whence he did not return until he had gathered a plentiful crop of laurels. Not long after he had proceeded to India, in order to take the command of the Mysore Division of the army, difficulties arose at Canton, which required the presence of an able and energetic General in China We need not enter into a history of the events which led to the attack on Canton, but we will recapitulate Gough's services in China in the eloquent words of Lord Derby (then Lord Stanley), spoken in his place in Parliament :

:

"I turn much more gladly to contemplate the triumphant position in which England and the British forces then stood. A force consisting of 4500 effective men, under Sir H. Gough; a fleet of 73 sail, including one line-of-battle ship; 16 vessels of war of different descriptions, and 10 war steamers, had forced their unassisted way, conquering as they went, up this mighty and unknown stream, the Yangtze-Kiang, and penetrated for a distance of 170 miles to the centre of the Chinese Empire. They had achieved the conquest of towns and fortresses mounting in all above 2000 guns, which they had captured or destroyed, including Amoy, Chusan, Chapou, Voosung, and Shanghai. They had subdued cities containing a population varying from 1,000,000 down to 60,000 or 70,000. They had continually routed armies four or five, and sometimes ten times their own number; and they had done all this at a great distance from their own resources, and in the heart of an enemy's dominions, half across the globe from their own native country. In the course of all these proceedings they had maintained not only constant and uninterrupted gallantry, but a soldierlike temperance and discipline, which reflected on them a glory of the purest character on them and on their leaders, Sir H. Gough and Sir W. Parker; and now at length they had enabled her Majesty's

Plenipotentiary, at the head of a powerful fleet and a highly disciplined army, to dictate peace on the terms prescribed by his Sovereign, and had obtained this peace on terms of perfect equality at the hands of the Emperor of China."

On the conclusion of the Treaty of Nankin, in 1842, when the British troops were withdrawn, Sir Hugh Gough was created a baronet, and invested with the Grand Cross of the Bath. He also received the thanks of both Houses of Parliament, and of the East India Company, for his Chinese services, the Duke of Wellington proposing the vote in the Lords, and Lord Stanley in the Commons.

In August, 1843, Sir Hugh Gough was appointed to the post of Commander-inChief of the Forces in India. Here, too, he well sustained the reputation he had achieved in the West Indies, the Peninsula, and China. He reached India in troublous times, but having gained the two important victories of Maharajpore and Punniar, Lord Ellenborough was enabled to dictate a peace under the walls of Gwalior. His next important operations were against the Sikhs in the Punjaub, where he was ably seconded by his gallant Peninsular comrade-who then held the Governor-Generalship— the late Lord Hardinge. The Sikhs had long shown signs of intended mischief, and in 1845 they forced on a rupture with the Indian Government, and crossed the Sutlej in vast numbers. The Governor-General had a soldier's heart within him, but he remembered that he held the supreme civil command, and that the command of the troops belonged as of right to his old companion in arms, Sir Hugh Gough, under whom, however, he volunteered to serve. Gough consented, and, ably supported by Lord Hardinge, gave battle to the Sikhs at Moodkee, on the 18th of December, and on the 21st at Ferozeshah, where he carried by assault the intrenched camp of the enemy, with ammunition, stores, and seventy pieces of cannon. This he followed up by a third and even more decisive victory, that of Sobraon, on the Sutlej, which was speedily followed by the total rout of the Sikhs and a peace dictated on our own terms before Lahore. The Sikhs having laid down their arms, it was hoped for ever, Sir Hugh Gough was created a peer in April, 1846, as Baron Gough, of Chinkinfoo in China, and of Maharajpore and the Sutlej in the East Indies, in the peerage of the United Kingdom. But the Sikhs, though subdued for the time, were not conquered. In 1848 the ashes of the Sikh war broke out into flame again, and Lord Gough

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