other. So it happened with the Highland Light Infantry, which, like some other regiments in the Army, has no motto. The Highland Light Infantry's badge is of recent origin, having been designed in 1881. When the 71st and 74th were linked and made one regiment, there was a great controversy as to whose badge should be the most prominent in the combined badge. That of the 71st was a buglecommon to light infantry corps-and the "H.L.I." monogram; and the badge of the 74th was the elephant and "Assaye." Neither regiment would give way to the other; but ultimately the present effective ornament-comprising the star of the Order of the Thistle, a bugle having in the centre the monogram "H.L.I.," an imperial crown, a scroll inscribed "Assaye" below the horn, and under the scroll the elephant-was adopted. The elephant is a facsimile of that which appears on a white silken banner which was presented in 1803 to the 2nd Battalion-74th Foot-by the East India Company, in recognition of its distinguished services in India, especially at the battle of Assaye. This third colour was an exceptional honour. Some very clever drawings illustrative of the battle of the badges were done by Major Carey, H.L.I., whose production is an honourable defence of the Scots against certain slanderous accusations as to their want of appreciation of humour. To amalgamate an elephant and a bugle is not an easy task.

It may not be out of place briefly to explain that a regimental badge is that which is officially sanctioned by the sovereign, and that a regimental crest is the invention of the officers of a regiment, and generally partakes of one or more of the regimental badges. It is quite a private affair. There are several admirable crests in use at present. The West Yorkshire Regiment, for example, whose official badges are the Prince of Wales's plume, the white horse of Hanover and the royal tiger, have as a crest the plume, with the motto "Ich dien," the horse below, and below that a scroll with the title "The Prince of Wales's Own." The waist-plate of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers also is most effective, embodying all the badges. and honours of the regiment. The badges of the Rifle regiments, of course, are especially interesting in this connection, since they bear the battle honours, rifle regiments not carrying colours.

Inasmuch as a general badge of some sort had to be invented for the regiments that were without a cognisance, it was natural that the red rose of Lancaster and the white rose of York should be laid under tribute. These historic badges are sanguinary enough for even the most bloodthirsty regiments, and at the same time they have an element of peace and goodwill which one likes to see amongst battalions that have been linked for better or for worse. There is a peculiar significance in the badge in some cases, for there was much reluctance on the part of not a few battalions to be permanently joined together. It has been put on record that "in the marriage procession of Henry Tudor and Elizabeth of York each partisan of Lancaster gave his hand to a lady of the York party, holding a bouquet of two roses-red and white entwined; and at the birth of Prince Henry armorists composed a rose of two colours, the leaves alternating red and white, as an emblematical offering of the marriage. Horticulturists, too, forced nature in an act of loyalty, and produced a parti-coloured flower known to the present day as the rose of York and Lancaster." Tradition has it that the red and white roses which became the badges of the rival houses were plucked in the Temple Gardens.

There is a wonderful variety in the badges that are used. Many are reminiscent of stirring periods in history, these as a rule being the least known to the public. As to the mottoes, some were in the old days used as war-cries, the best instances in this respect being afforded, as one might expect, by the Highland regiments. The badges include the royal arms, and a large number of other royal signs,

present and past; the whole or part of numerous orders, devices that are purely regimental, castles, arms of counties and cities, the Prussian eagle, the French eagle, the death's-head, the elephant, the antelope, the tiger, the dragon of Wales, the dragon of China, the sphinx of Egypt, the paschal lamb, the white horse of Hanover, the white horse of Kent, the lion of England, a gun, a grenade, the bugle, the bear and ragged staff, the figure of Britannia, St. George and the dragon, the harp and crown, the hart and ford, the Scottish thistle, the cross of St. Andrew, the union rose, the white rose, the red rose, the thistle and crown, the acorn and oak leaves, the globe and laurel wreath, the rose and crown, the Duke of Wellington's crest, and the Maltese cross. The Brigade of Guards alone have quite a host of regimental and company badges. A complete list of the badges and mottoes of the brigade has been prepared by Captain Fitzalan Manners, of the Scots Guards; and this is most interesting. It shows that amongst the company badges of the Grenadiers are English, Irish, Scotch and Welsh insignia; while those of the Coldstream and Scots Guards are not less interesting. As the badge of the brigade, a Garter star, having "Tria Juncta in Uno" (the motto of the Order of the Bath-naval, military and civil united in one) on the garter, and a crown in the centre, is used. To deal adequately with the badges of the Foot Guards would need quite a long chapter, since in addition to the regimental badges there are thirty company badges in the Grenadier Guards, sixteen in the Coldstream Guards, and sixteen in the Scots Guards. In all, there are some seventy recognised badges for the Guards alone. The authors of that most exhaustive and admirable work on the records and badges of the Army-the late Henry Manners Chichester and George Burges-Short-state that it was the custom in the Grenadiers more than a couple of centuries ago for each company of foot to carry a banner, and twenty-four of the company badges now borne were selected by the Garter King-at-Arms from the cognisances worn by former English sovereigns and assigned to the twenty-four companies of the then newly raised regiment of Guards. Ever since that time the regiment has borne the badges, which appear on the battalion regimental colour of the Grenadiers. The royal cypher and crown was the regimental badge of the Grenadiers from the time of their formation until the change of title after Waterloo from the 1st Foot Guards to the Grenadier Guards, the cypher varying with the reign. Since Waterloo the regimental badge has been a grenade-an ornament which is probably more familiar to the general public than any other badge or device in the Army. The authors named point out that the present regimental badge, the grenade, did not appear on the appointments of the Grenadier Guards or any other regiment in the Army until long after the use of the missile had become obsolete with the class of troops named after it.

The royal arms are the badge of the Household Cavalry, the Royal Artillery and the Royal Engineers, and do not afford much matter for comment. Badges of a very similar kind are worn by the Artillery and the Engineers, the principal characteristics in each case being the royal arms and the mottoes Ubique" and "Quo Fas et Gloria ducunt," the gun being absent in the Engineers. The Army mottoes embrace several languages, Latin naturally predominating. There are mottoes in English, German, French, Welsh and Gaelic. Scripture itself is drawn upon for a motto-by a Scotch regiment. This is the King's Own Scottish Borderers, whose first motto is "Nisi Dominus frustra," the motto of Edinburgh, and forming the opening words of Psalm cxxvii. The second motto of the Borderers is also of a religious character-" In Veritate Religionis confido." I refer later to the origin of these mottoes, which enable the Borderers to enjoy the distinction of being the most religious body in the Army from the point of view

of mottoes. The story goes that at one time each man of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) had issued to him a copy of the Scriptures; but whether this is correct or not, the old 26th have no motto, either religious or otherwise. The only Welsh motto given in the Army List—“ Gwell angau na Chywilydd" ("Death rather than dishonour")-is that of the Welsh Regiment.

No fewer than a dozen British regiments have the Prince of Wales's plume as a badge or part of a badge. These are the 3rd (Prince of Wales's) Dragoon Guards, the 10th (Prince of Wales's Own Royal) Hussars, the 12th (Prince of Wales's Royal) Lancers, the Prince of Wales's Own (West Yorkshire Regiment), the Cheshire Regiment, the Royal Welsh Fusiliers, the Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment), the Welsh Regiment, the Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment), the Prince of Wales's (North Staffordshire Regiment), the Princess Victoria's (Royal Irish Fusiliers), and the Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment (Royal Canadians). The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry include in their badge the Prince's coronet, as shown on his Great Seal as Duke of Cornwall. In the Indian forces there are three regiments bearing His Royal Highness's plume -namely, the 6th (Prince of Wales's) Bengal Cavalry, the 11th (Prince of Wales's Own) Bengal Lancers, and the 2nd (Prince of Wales's Own) Goorkha Regiment. The 2nd Bombay Infantry are also styled the Prince of Wales's Own, but do not officially bear the plume. In Her Majesty's forces, therefore, there are sixteen regiments entitled to bear the Prince's name, and fifteen to wear his crest. Most of these badges relate to the present Prince, and several arose out of His Royal Highness's visit to India in 1876. A case in point may be given.

On January 10th in that year the Prince presented new colours to the 1st Battalion of the late 14th Foot at Lucknow. He accepted the old colours, which were forwarded to him and deposited in Sandringham House. His Royal Highness subsequently announced to Colonel Hawley, then commanding the battalion, that he intended to take steps to obtain the necessary sanction for the regiment to be styled "The Prince of Wales's Own." Accordingly, on June 6th, 1876, it was announced in the London Gazette that Her Majesty had been pleased to command that the regiment should be styled "The 14th (Buckinghamshire) Prince of Wales's Own Regiment," and be permitted to bear the Prince's plume on its second colour. The white horse, with the motto "Nec aspera terrent," was granted by George III. in recognition of the good conduct of three companies of the 14th, which in 1765 were doing duty at Windsor and Hampton Court. The King directed that the badge should be placed on the then new pattern caps of the grenadiers and drummers. The royal tiger badge was given in 1838 in recognition of the services of the 14th in India from 1807 to 1831.

In view of the close connection of the present Prince of Wales and his predecessors with the Army, it is interesting to remember that for more than six hundred years the plume has been the cognisance of the Principality of Wales. His Royal Highness is associated with the military forces in the following capacities: personal aide-de-camp to the Queen, field-marshal, colonel-in-chief of the Household Cavalry (1st and 2nd Life Guards and the Royal Horse Guards), colonel of the 10th Hussars, honorary colonel of the Prince of Wales's Own (Norfolk Artillery), captain-general and colonel of the Honourable Artillery Company of London; honorary colonel of the 3rd Battalion Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry, the 3rd Battalion Gordon Highlanders, 4th (Cambridge University) Volunteer Battalion the Suffolk Regiment, 3rd Glamorgan Volunteers, 1st (Oxford University) Volunteer Battalion the Oxfordshire Light Infantry, the Civil Service Rifles, and the 1st Sutherland Volunteers,

The Prince's plume is also worn on the sword-hilt and buttons of his equerries; the royal cypher being worn in the case of the equerries to the Queen. The plume is one of the most prominent features in the badges of the Army.

Amongst cavalry regiments the 4th Dragoon Guards have the privilege of wearing on the collar the star of the Order of St. Patrick, and the 1st Dragoons, also on the collar, the badge of an eagle. In the 4th Dragoon Guards the helmet varies from the ordinary pattern by having the garter upon it pierced with the motto Quis separabit?" The 13th Hussars only are allowed to wear the honours on the pouch-belt. In the 11th Hussars the crest and motto of the Prince Consort are worn over the regimental device on the sabretache; and on the sabretache of the roth Hussars the Prince of Wales's plume, in silver, is worn. It is by these two regiments that the only mottoes in German are worn by the British Army, that of the 11th being "Treu und Fest," and that of the 10th, of course, "Ich dien." A gold bullion rosette, with royal cypher, is worn on the caps of the officers of the 5th, 12th, 16th and 17th Lancers, being embroidered on green velvet in the 5th, scarlet in the 16th, and blue in the 12th and 17th. The 9th Lancers have a special device on their caps, which bear on the front a gilt plate with double A.R. cypher ("Adelaide Regina "). The arms of Queen Adelaide are borne on the plate. In 1830 the regiment attracted the notice of William IV. and Queen Adelaide at Kensington when employed on royal duty, and was authorised to bear the name of the Queen's Lancers, a title which was afterwards changed to Queen's Royal Lancers. As may be readily supposed, the badges of the Highland and Scottish regiments afford much matter for romantic meditation. The oldest Highland regiment in the service-the Black Watch, a famous name originating from the predominance of black, blue and green in the dress of the members of the corps when first formed -possesses a badge in the royal cypher within the garter, and the crown over. Its other badges are the St. Andrew and cross badge, and the motto of the Order of the Thistle "Nemo me impune lacessit"-and the sphinx, a badge granted to each of the thirty regiments which took part in the expedition to Egypt at the beginning of the century. The Black Watch specially distinguished itself before Alexandria, where it conquered a French demi-brigade known as "The Invincibles," whose standard the Scotchmen captured.

In general interest the badges and mottoes of the Seaforth Highlanders are second to none in the service. When Alexander III. was hunting in Kintail with a large retinue of Highland chiefs, he came up with the hounds as they pulled down an immense stag royal. The King, drawing his skean dhu, ran up just as the stag shook off the deerhounds; and, turning on him, it hurled him prostrate with a blow of its antlers. The chief of the MacKenzies shouted "Cuidich'n Righ!" ("Help to the King!"), and at the same time grasping the stag by the horns and killing it with a thrust of his hunting-spear, he saved the King's life. Ever since that time the stag's head and antlers (Gaelic "Cabar Feidh") have been the cognisance of the Clan MacKenzie, who are still commonly spoken of throughout the Highlands as the "Cabarfaes." The 1st Battalion Seaforth Highlanders was raised by the Earl of Seaforth from the Clan MacKenzie and allied septs in 1778. It was first called Seaforth's Highlanders, but afterwards numbered the 78th, and renumbered the 72nd on the reduction of the Army in 1786. Its badge was a very handsome stag's head, with an escroll below bearing the words "Cabar Feidh." (The old battle-cry of the battalion was “Cabar Feidh gu Brath!"-" The Stag's Head for Ever!") In 1823 the Duke of York and Albany became honorary colonel, and the title Duke of Albany's Own Highlanders was bestowed on the regiment, and the Duke's cypher, "F," generally surmounted with his coronet, was

introduced as an ornament on the colours, between the horns of the badge, and on various appointments. A silver St. Andrew's cross had previously appeared on certain appointments, and it was now enhanced by being surcharged by a cypher and coronet within a wreath on a green ground, and is still retained in silver on a gold thistle on the front of the officers' round forage-cap. Before the reorganisation of the Army in 1881 the Glengarry badge was a beautiful stag's head, with an “F” between the antlers, and a separate escroll with " Cabar Feidh." The collar-badge was a miniature stag's head with the motto, and made a handsome scarf-pin. was mounted in this way by nearly all the discharged Highlanders.

It

The badge of the 2nd Battalion, which was raised, as the 1st Battalion had been, amongst the MacKenzies and their allies, in 1783, by Francis Humberston MacKenzie, afterwards Earl of Seaforth, also had the stag's head and antlers as a badge, with the motto "Cuidich'n Righ." Its valour at Assaye gained for it the additional decoration of the elephant, superscribed "Assaye," and the exceptional honour, shared with the 71st, of carrying a third colour, which it still retains. Prior to 1881 the battalion wore the stag's head and escroll with "Cuidich'n Righ” in the Glengarry, and with the elephant as a collar-badge. In that year the two battalions were linked and called "The Seaforth Highlanders" (Ross-shire Buffs, The Duke of Albany's), and nearly all the ornaments were altered. The Glengarry and bonnet-badge for the rank and file is now supposed to represent a stag's head, with a ribbon bearing the motto "Cuidich'n Righ"; but "being a tawdry trinket, stamped from a bit of tin, and valued at twopence-farthing, it can scarcely be called. handsome, and when first issued it was received with unconcealed disgust." The officers have the word "Assaye" under the elephant; but this should have been superscribed. The officers' Glengarry and bonnet-badge was a handsome silver stag's head, with the initial "F" and coronet between the horns, and a ribbon inscribed "Cuidich'n Righ." In consequence, however, of the great liking the late Duke of Albany had for the 1st Battalion, and the prominent part it took at his marriage and afterwards at his funeral, the Queen desired that her son's initial might be substituted for the "F" on certain appointments, and accordingly the initial on the Glengarry badge and on the brooch and buttons was changed to "L," although the "F" still remains on the plates of the cross-belts and the buff waist-belt. The plate of the dirk-belt shows the usual stag's head; but on the escroll below is the word "Tullochard" ("The High Hill"), the ancient war-cry of the MacKenzie clan, the allusion being to the local mustering-place of the clansmen. The plaid brooch shows a circlet of "deer's-grass," the clan badge, bound with a ribbon, on which the honours are inscribed, and surmounted with the stag's head, cypher and coronet. The officers' round forage-cap shows the elephant and the St. Andrew's star. The present boy Duke of Albany generally appears in public in the uniform of the Seaforth Highlanders.

The badge of the Gordon Highlanders embraces the sphinx, superscribed "Egypt," and the royal tiger, superscribed "India." The tiger badge was given to the 1st Battalion on its return home in 1806, in recognition of its nineteen years' service in India. The 1st Battalion was raised by a younger brother of Sir Ralph Abercromby, and the 2nd Battalion (the old 92nd) by the Marquis of Huntly, then an officer in the Foot Guards, who afterwards became colonel of the 92nd and fifth and last Duke of Gordon. The motto of the regiment is "Bydand” (translated variously as Watchful," "Bide-a-wee," and "Wait a little "), the motto of the Huntly family, as to the origin of which there are many stories.

66

The Cameron Highlanders received authority to bear a sphinx, with the word "Egypt" on their colours and appointments, in commemoration of their gallant