extension of slavery its motto then; no existence of it now. 2. It established
three essential ideas: Union; how mightily this sentiment has grown and pre-
vailed. 3. Liberty, its progress more vital and more marvellous. Democracy, or
the equality of the rights of all men. The Supreme Court then and now. 4. Con-
sequences. Liberation of Europe. Fraternization of America. 5. Duties. Aboli-
tion of all prejudices. Granting to all, civil equality and fraternity. The church
should grow in this grace. The summons and blessing of God.

XXI. THE VIAL POURED OUT ON THE SEAT OF THE BEAST.

Delivered in Boston, March 5, 1865, on the occasion of the Fall of

Charleston,

517

"And the fifth angel poured out his vial upon the seat of the beast;

and his kingdom was full of darkness; and they gnawed their tongues

for pain, and blasphemed the God of heaven because of their sores, and

repented not of their deeds." —Revelation xvi. 10, 11.

ARGUMENT.

-

Extreme contrasts in the calls of the government and the war to
the sanctuary; sorrowful, joyful. The character of this summons. Draw near to
this burning and consider. I. The Sin. Why the Seat of the Beast. How far its
atrocities exceeded those of any other spot in Christendom. Paris, London, Rome.
The condition of the majority of the people of Charleston. Chief in this sin because
she supported it by law, society, and religion; because she saw first and sought
most the destruction of Abolitionism. II. Her Punishment. The Vial poured out.
Compared with New Orleans, Nashville, Savannah, all other cities. Even Richmond
suffers less. III. The instrument by which her punishment is effected. Her own
hand and her own slaves. The soldiers burned her, her slaves rule her. IV. Les-
sons. 1. No greatness aught against God. 2. The earth to be regenerated.
Charleston to be renewed in righteousness. 3. God impartial. If He spares not
them, not us. Unless we repent we shall all likewise perish. V. Future duties
beckon us. This victory but a beacon. Will we follow ?

XXII. JEFFERSON DAVIS AND PHARAOH.

Delivered in Boston, April 9, 1865, on the occasion of the Flight of

Jefferson Davis from Richmond,

529

"In very deed for this cause have I raised thee up, for to show in thee

My power; and that My name may be declared throughout all the earth."

- Ex. ix. 16.

-

ARGUMENT. .-Historic parallels. Plutarch's: Napoleon and Cæsar. Propriety
of considering this analogy. The victory ours. Proper study of the war from the

side of God, that is from the side of the slave. Thus we study the Hebrew eman-

cipation; thus will the future this. What stood in the way of emancipation?

1. The words and construction of the Constitution. 2. Aversion of the North to

Abolitionism. 3. The purpose of the South to prevent it. The first two over-

come by allowing the last to become strong. This strengthened itself in the char-

acter of Jefferson Davis. I. Resemblance between him and Pharaoh. 1. In free-

dom of action. No compulsion on cither. 2. In character. (1.) Clear perception

of the effect of any concession. (2.) Steadiness of purpose. Resistance of begin-

nings to submission. (3.) Power to develop like strength in others. 3. In work.

(1.) Pharaoh only known from his connection with emancipation, so will Davis

only be known. (2.) How each resisted in every step of the conflict. 4. In fate,
Pharaoh perished in power if not in life; so will Davis sink into weakness and
obscurity. II. Why did God raise him up? 1. To release enslaved millions. 2. To
give them especial honor. 3. To unite all mankind in one.

XXIII. THE UNITER AND LIBERATOR OF AMERICA.

Delivered in Boston, April 23, 1865, on the occasion of the Death of

Abraham Lincoln,

Thy gentleness hath made me great."- Ps. xviii. 35.

"He saved others, himself he cannot save.”.

-

Matt. xxvii. 42.

551

4. No step back-
nation in his love.

ARGUMENT. - National agony of sorrow. I. The character of Abraham Lincoln.
1. Honesty. 2. Guilelessness. 3. Impartiality of judgment.
ward. 5. Playfulness. 6. Integrity. 7. Love. Repose of the
This causes the present anguish of heart. II. His carcer. Two obstacles to be
overcome, Disunion and Slavery. The war of the clements. His fitness for uniting
the North. His conciliatory nature and policy prevented Northern disruption,
and divided the border. His great act. His murderer not Booth, not Lee; a
greater criminal than both, Slavery. How shall his death be avenged? By greater
faithfulness to the cause for which he died. His growing faithfulness. His dying
words and deeds. Last inaugural. Entry into Richmond. His work done. Ours-
before us. Obedience to highest duties the only imitation of him. Will we thus
lament and follow him?

"They are dead that sought the young Child's life."

"The Lord gave them rest round about, according to all that He sware

unto their fathers; and there stood not a man of all their enemies before
them; the Lord delivered all their enemies into their hand. There failed
not aught of any good thing which the Lord had spoken unto the house
of Israel; all came to pass." -Joshua xxi. 43-45.

-

ARGUMENT. The first Fourth of July after the Revolution and this; analogy.
The national joy. I. Blessings of this peace. 1. Peace itself. Horrors of war; on
the field; to the maimed soldiers; to the bereaved. 2. It restores the supremacy
of the law. 3. Bestows liberty. Might have been without liberty. Contrast with
the last five anniversaries of Independence. II. Demands. The abolition of social
and political slavery. The outer fetters fallen. What those were. Extract from
auction bills of the Slave Mart of Charleston. Just punishment of God. Past prog-
ress assures the future unity of the race. All lands coming to America. All here
may be regenerated.

XXV. AMERICA'S PAST AND FUTURE.

Delivered on Thanksgiving Day, November 26, 1868, at Medford,
Massachusetts, on the occasion of the Election of President
Grant,

. . 603
"To-morrow shall be as this day, and much more abundant.” -
Isaiah lvi. 12.

ARGUMENT.-The conflict of Chaos and the calm of Creation. I. Antiquity of
Slavery. The woman the slave to her husband; the other children to the first-born.
Its prevalence. Judea the only Free State when Christ came. Her fall. The
deliverance of Europe from it, through the Church. II. Its prevalence outside her
territory and faith. Rise of African slavery. How it reached and spread in America.
Error of Columbus, and all that followed him, of every language and religion.
III. God's controversy with it. Corruption of Church and State. Slow renova-
tion. Instruments by which it was wrought out. Culmination of the work in
war. IV. General Grant; his foresight of the greatness of the struggle; his ob-
scurity; his military genius; the cause he served; saving the nation and destroy-
ing slavery. Advantage over all other generals in that respect. V. Meaning of the
election. Order; Safety; Progress, and Perfection in political and social liberty.
Aversion to color must change to love. Amalgamation God's work, act, and
decree. Signs of its advent. Happy results to all the world from the fraternity of
man in America. Other reforms. Temperance. Woman's ballot. The glowing
future. Christ over all, God blessed forever.

NOTES,

631

"RENDER THEREFORE UNTO CESAR THE THINGS THAT ARE CESAR'S, AND UNTO GOD THE THINGS THAT ARE GOD's." - Matt. xxii. 21.

IT is well frequently to lay bare the springs of our being, to examine their nature, and see if their present movement is in accordance with their original design.

This is especially necessary when conflicting sentiments obtain respecting a course of action which we are required to pursue. When we cannot remain idle spectators of a contest which is raging around us, but from the orders of leaders in the battle are compelled to take definite positions, then it is our solemn duty to examine the nature of these commands, that we may see whether we must obey or resist them.

Such is the condition in which every person is placed throughout the Free States. The government of the country has arrayed its mighty strength upon the side of Slavery, and issues its mandate to all the people, to lend

* A sermon preached at Amenia, New York, November, 1850, on the occasion of the passage of the Fugitive Slave Bill. See Note I.

their aid in its defense. The conflict between the eternal foes of freedom and slavery has by this act changed us from unconcerned spectators, if we had chosen to assume that position, into actors, and requires every one to take his place under one of the hostile banners. If, therefore, there were no previous claims upon our feelings of brotherhood, we cannot avoid considering our duties under this assertion of the will of the State.

In such circumstances it is our highest duty to examine the Nature and Extent of the Authority of Human Government, and to see if the late decrees of our nation are in agreement or hostility with its delegated rights.

Man is created subject to law. Enactments originating in the wisdom of God control every faculty of body and soul. In whatever direction he secks activity, he finds laws inducing the desire and limiting its gratification. Around him as well as within him ever operates the same infinite energy under the guidance of the same infinite wisdom, coöperating through all the lower orders of being with his highest faculties, or by the same obedient officers modifying or suppressing their unhealthy activity. The world without us is our servant or our scourge, according as we are the servants or enemies of God within us.

But while there is no portion of our nature free from the authority of law, there is an evident distinction in the degree of this authority. As a being intended for different states of existence, and for different duties in each state, the Divine Lawgiver must assign to each faculty authority proportionate to its original design. Each is allowed full powers within its own borders, with restrictions against any intrusion upon the rights of adjacent faculties, and unhesitating submission to the Conscience, the governor of the whole realm, and through that to the Creator and Proprietor of All.

The laws that regulate our body are felt to be inferior to