CHAPTER IV. MEDIATION DECLINED

The Emperor of France Proposes Mediation, January
9, 1863. Reply of Mr. Seward Declining to Entertain
His Proposal. Passages from Confederate Archives
Throwing Light on This Subject. Mr. Benjamin, Con-
federate Secretary of State, Offers Money for Media-
tion. Mr. Slidell's Conversations with the Emperor.
Unfriendliness of European Diplomats to the United
States Government. M. Mercier. Lord Lyons. His
Letter, Predicting the Failure of the North. Resolu-
tions of Congress

CHAPTER V. SIGNS OF THE TIMES

Hunter's Order of Military Emancipation. The Con-
dition of His Department. Organization of the Blacks.
Hunter's Experiment with Negro Soldiers. Lincoln
Revokes Hunter's Order. Congressional Antislavery
Enactments. The Army Forbidden to Return Fugi-
tive Slaves. Virtual Amendment of the Fugitive-Slave
Law. Act for the Recognition of Hayti and Liberia.
Act for the Suppression of the African Slave-trade.
Execution of Gordon, the Slave-trader. Prohibition
of Slavery in the Territories. Act Abolishing Slavery
in the District of Columbia. Provisions of the Con-
fiscation Act, Emancipating Slaves. Provisions for
Emancipation through Military Service. Lincoln's
Draft of Veto Message on the Confiscation Act. Lin-
coln's Second Appeal to the Border State Representa-
tives

68

90

CHAPTER VI. EMANCIPATION PROPOSED AND POST-

PONED

Lincoln's Interest in the
Clellan's Cry of Despair. Lincoln's Letter to Seward,
"I Expect to Maintain this Contest," etc. His Letter
to the Loyal Governors, Asking Reënforcements.
Correspondence About a Call for Troops. Call for
Three Hundred Thousand Volunteers. The Policy of
Emancipation Decided upon. Lincoln's Interview with
Seward and Welles. Cabinet Discussion about Arming

Richmond Campaign. Mc-

Negroes. Lincoln reads the First Draft of the Eman-
cipation Proclamation. Discussion of the Measure.
Emancipation Proclamation Postponed.

McClellan's Army at Antietam. Lincoln's Orders.
Lee's Purpose in Invading Maryland. The March of
McClellan. He Finds Lee's Orders. The Battle of
South Mountain. McClellan's Procrastination. The
Battle of Antietam. Straggling on Both Sides. Lee
Retreats across the Potomac. Lincoln's Disappoint-
ment

CHAPTER VIII. EMANCIPATION ANNOUNCED

Defeat instead of Victory. Political Embarrassments.
Lincoln's Letter to Reverdy Johnson. His Letter to
Bullitt. Greeley's Open Letter to Lincoln. Lincoln's
Reply to Greeley. Effect of Pope's Defeat. Lincoln's
Sensitiveness to Criticism. His Reply to a Chicago
Deputation. "The Pope's Bull against the Comet."
The Antietam Victory. An Important Cabinet Meet-
ing. The Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
The President Serenaded. The Altoona Meeting of
Governors. Their Address to the President. The
Proclamation Analyzed. The Fall Elections

.

113

. 131

. 147

CHAPTER IX. THE REMOVAL OF MCCLELLAN
McClellan's Delay after Antietam. The President Vis-
its his Camp. "McClellan's Body-Guard." Lincoln
Orders a Forward Movement. McClellan's Excuses.
Stuart Rides around the Union Army. McClellan's
Action in Regard to the Emancipation Proclamation.
The President Gives McClellan a Plan of Campaign.
McClellan Crosses the Potomac. Allows Lee to Get in
his Front. Headquarters Disloyalty. McClellan Re-
moved. Lord Lyons's Comment
173

CHAPTER X. FREDERICKSBURG

Burnside appointed to Command the Army of the Po-
tomac. His Characteristics. Transfers the Army to

Fredericksburg. His Plan of Battle. He Crosses the
Rappahannock. The Battle of Fredericksburg. Frank-
lin's Fight. Sumner and Hooker Assault Marye's
Heights. Defeat of the Union Army. Burnside With-
draws his Force across the River. Gloom and Depres-
sion in the Army. The "Mud March." Burnside's
Order Dismissing some of his Generals. Disapproved
by Lincoln, who Relieves Burnside
CHAPTER XI. FINANCIAL MEASURES.

Evarts's Eulogy of Chase. Low Credit of the Govern-
ment in Buchanan's Administration. Chase's First
Measures. Borrows Money on Better Terms. Tem-
porary Loans. The Financial Measures of Congress.
Demand Notes. Vast Increase of Expenses and
Taxes. Growth of the Public Debt. The Legal
Tender Act. Mr. Chase's Advocacy of it. Debates in
Congress. Speculation in Gold. The National Bank
System. The Confederate Finances at Home and
Abroad

CHAPTER XII. SEWARD AND CHASE

The Comparative Attitudes of Seward and Chase in
the Cabinet. Mr. Chase's Relations to his Colleagues.
His Letters Criticizing the Government. His Treat-
ment of Generals in the Army. His Opinion of the
President. The Opposition to Seward in the Senate.
The President's Treatment of the Case. Seward and
Chase Resign. The President Induces them both to
Return. The Results of the Incident. "Now I Can
Ride"

196

223

253

CHAPTER XIII. PERRYVILLE AND MURFREESBORO

Bragg's Invasion of Kentucky. Buell Pursues, and
Marches to Louisville. The Confederates Inaugurate
a Governor at Frankfort. The Battle of Perryville.
Bragg's Retreat from Kentucky. Buell Relieved, and
Succeeded by Rosecrans. Rosecrans Advances South-
ward. The Union and Confederate Armies at Stone's
River. Battle of Murfreesboro. Rosecrans Holds his
Position. Demoralization of Bragg's Army. He Re-
tires to Tullahoma. Results of the Campaign . . 273

CHAPTER XIV. WEST VIRGINIA ADMITTED
The Formation of West Virginia. The October Vote.
The Wheeling Constitutional Convention. The Name
"West Virginia " Adopted. Constitution Ratified by
Popular Vote. Application to Congress for Admis-
sion. Provisions of the Senate Bill. Senate Bill
Passed. Passage of the Bill by the House. Cabinet
Consideration of the Bill. Secretary Smith Retires
from the Cabinet. Cabinet Opinions on the Admis-
sion of West Virginia. Opinion by President Lincoln.
The President Approves the Act. The Constitutional
Convention Reassembled. The Conditions of Congress
Adopted. The President's Proclamation to Admit
West Virginia. New State Government Inaugurated.
Slavery Abolished in West Virginia. The Peirpoint
Government Removes to Alexandria

CHAPTER XV. LINCOLN AND THE CHURCHES

297

The Voice of the Pulpits. Church Conventions. Bap-
tist Board of Foreign Missions. Congregationalists.
German Reformed Lutheran and Moravian Synods.
Presbyterian General Assembly. The Covenanters.
The New School Presbyterians. The Protestant Epis-
copal Church. The Methodists. The Catholics. The
Society of Friends: Lincoln's Relation to Them. The
Sanitary and Christian Commissions. The Churches
of the Southern States. Military Interference with the
Churches. Lincoln's Respect for Religion. A Medita-
tion upon Providence
. 314

Changes of Authority in Conquered Districts. Ap-
pointment of Military Governors. Andrew Johnson
appointed Military Governor of Tennessee. Edward
Stanley Appointed Military Governor of North Caro-
lina. Colonel G. F. Shepley Appointed Military
Governor of Louisiana. John S. Phelps Appointed
Military Governor of Arkansas. Language of Lin-
coln's Inaugural and Special Message. His Letters
to Reverdy Johnson and Cuthbert Bullitt. Lincoln's
Letter to Butler and Shepley about Reconstruction.

Letters about Tennessee and Arkansas. Lincoln's
Letters to Governor Shepley. Congressional Election
in Louisiana. Election of Flanders and Hahn. They
are Admitted to Seats .

Lincoln's Belief in Colonization. His Views in the
Lincoln-Douglas Debates. Recommends Colonization
in his First Annual Message. Appropriations by Con-
gress for Colonization. Seward's Circular to Foreign
Governments. The Chiriqui Project. Ile A'Vache.
Contract with Bernard Kock. An Ominous Rumor.
The Contract Cancelled and Renewed. A Colony on
Ile A'Vache. Bernard Kock as Governor. Action of
the Haytian Authorities. The Mission of Special Agent
Donnohue. His Report to the Government. Destitu-
tion and Dissatisfaction. The Colonists Return to the
United States.

343

354

CHAPTER XVIII. MISSOURI GUERRILLAS AND POLI-
TICS

Schofield Assigned to Command District of Missouri.
Rivalries and Antagonisms. Guerrillas and "Red
Legs." Hindman's Report about Arkansas. He Au-
thorizes Guerrillas in Missouri. Schofield's Order to
Hunt Down Guerrillas. Assessments on Rebel Sym-
pathizers. The Enrolled Missouri Militia. Difficulties
and Errors in the Organization. General Guerrilla
Rising. The Guerrillas Defeated. Military Compli-
cations. Department of the Missouri Created. Curtis
Assumes Command. Battle of Prairie Grove, Arkan-
sas. Lincoln's Letter about Missouri State Militia.
His Correspondence with General Curtis. Assess-
ments for Damages Suspended. Breckinridge's Bill
for Compensated Abolishment. Emancipation Vic-
tory in the November Election. Missouri Emancipa-
tion in Congress. Lincoln's Telegrams to Missouri.
Assignment and Death of Colonel Sumner .

CHAPTER XIX. THE EDICT OF FREEDOM

. 368

The President's Annual Message of December 1, 1862.
Draft of Final Emancipation Proclamation Read to