Pounds of cotton exported from the United States in the years— 1852. 670,645,122 752,573,780 139,164,571 186,214,270 34,272,625 29,301,928 II. TABULAR COMPARATIVE STATEMENT, SHOWING THE QUANTITIES OF COTTON EXPORTED FROM THE UNITED STATES TO THE PRINCIPAL COMMERCIAL COUNTRIES RESPECTIVELY, AND THE ANNUAL AVERAGE AMOUNTS THEREOF, AND THE ANNUAL AVERAGE AMOUNTS OF DUTIES DERIVED THEREFROM FOR A PERIOD OF FIVE YEARS, FROM 1851 To 1855, BOTH INCLUSIVE. a France Spain ... Hanse Towns. Austria. 1851. (For notes, see next page.) 712,312,141 Ann'l av'rge am❜nts of duties paid. b Annual average 1853. 1854. 1855. amounts of cotton. 768,596,498 696,247,047 673,498,259 189,226,913 144,428,360 210,113,909 173,829.584 36,851,042 35,024,074 33,071,795 33,704,292 22,671,782 37,719,922 80,809,991 26,011,298 25,795 00 c 15,494,442 13,980,460 12,219,553 17,037,472 Free. 17,968,642 14.961,144 9,761,465 16,789,767 Free. 10,320,406 17,934,268 17,487,984 12,725,830 16,087,064 14,911,110 Different rates. Russia. 10,098,448 10,475,168 21,286,563 2,914,954 448.897 9,044,806 $47,108 36 7,463,851 12,146,080 7,527,079 6,936,612 103,018 99d 5,508,670 10,259,042 7,038,994 6,048,165 4.941,414 6,759,257 Free. 5,160,974 5,939,025 6,099,517 9,212,710 8,428,437 6,968,132 Different rates. e British North American possessions. 23,525 16,582 12,295 72,790 883,204 201.679 Free. Denmark.. 927,237,089 1,093,230,639 1,111,570,370 987,833,106 1,008,424,601 1,025,659,156 TABULAR COMPARATIVE STATEMENT, SHOWING THE QUANTITIES OF COTTON IMPORTED INTO GREAT BRITAIN, AND THE COUNTRIES WHENCE IMPORTED, FOR A PERIOD OF FIVE YEARS, FROM 1851 TO 1855, BOTH INCLUSIVE. ƒ 435,169 82,983 209,186 142,876 Free. 196.392 250,633 9,620 173,014 87,691 121,059 144.006 90,198 $2,355 42 19 64 652,595 1,946,895 270,822 746,918 IV. TABULAR COMPARATIVE STATEMENT, SHOWING THE QUANTITIES OF COTTON IMPORTED INTO FRANCE, AND THE COUNTRIES WHENCE IMPORTED, FOR A PERIOD OF FIVE YEARS, FROM 1851 TO 1855, BOTH INCLUSIVE. a V. Aggregate...... Average 4 years U. States. Elsewhere. All countries. Value. 127,418,053 19,083,961 146,402,014 $21,204,000 171,235,021 17,042,078 b 188,917,099 27,528,000 178,608,904 19,537,722 174,929,557 15,319,242 198,146,626 28,830,000 190,248,799 27,900,000 ... 652,191,535 71,383,003 17,845,751 723,574,538 $105,462,000 180,893,635 26,365,500 TABULAR COMPARATIVE STATEMENT, SHOWING THE QUANTITIES OF COTTON IMPORTED INTO SPAIN, AND THE COUNTRIES WHENCE IMPORTED, FOR A PERIOD OF FIVE YEARS, FROM 1851 TO 1855, BOTH INCLUSIVE. The Statistical Office has no official Spanish data from which to make up the statement required. The quantities of cotton exported from the United States to Spain, according to United States Treasury Reports, the years specified, were as follows: From Cuba the same years, according to the " Balanzas Generales" of that island, the quantities exported to Spain were as follows :— a The data for this statement are derived from the United States Treasury Reports, in which the commercial year closes June 30. The year in British and French official documents corresponds with that of the calendar-hence one cause of apparent discrepancies in figures for nominally the same years. The amounts of duties paid are calculated on the custom rates given in the preceding statement [1,] although these rates, during the five years designated, have in some instances undergone changes. Belgium, for example, did not admit cotton free until the passage of the law of April 12, 1854. c The amount is calculated on the medium of the ad valorem duty of Bremen and Hamburg, on an assumed valuation of 17 cents per lb. d The amount is calculated on the rates of the existing tariff of January 31, 1856, prior to which cotton was either prohibited or subjected to a duty equivalent to prohibition. e United States Treasury Reports do not give quantities to Norway distinct from those to Sweden. In the former, cotton is free; in the latter, the duty is nearly half a cent per lb. f Made up from British official authorities. The commercial year in England begins January 1; in the United States, July 1-hence seeming discrepancies in figures for apparently the same periods of time. g Egypt includes Turkey, Syria, and the Mediterranean generally; the East Indies include British India generally; the West Indies, the West India islands belonging to Great Britain, and British Guiana. h Ten months, in part, from January 6 to October 31. a Compiled from "Tableau General du Commerce de la France." Of which amount, 11,973,427 pounds were from Egypt and Turkey, and 930,516 pounds from Brazil. c No data. From Porto Rico, according to the official Balanzas of that island as follows: From Brazil, according to the "Proposta e Relatario" of that empire, for the the years 1852-3 and 1853–4, the quantities of cotton exported to Spain, were as follows: Spain, according to the "Cuadro General" of that kingdom for 1849, imported that year, from countries of production, 26,136,881 lbs. of cotton; of which quantity there was supplied from the VI. STATEMENT SHOWING THE QUANTITIES OF COTTON EXPORTED BY GREAT BRITAIN TO ALL COUNTRIES RESPECTIVELY, AND THE COUNTRIES WHENCE IMPORTED, FOR A PERIOD OF FIVE YEARS, FROM 1851 TO 1855, BOTH INCLUSIVE. a 50,960 148,569,680 82,701,472 4,786,768 948,416 60,082,064 125,554,800 55,101,200 1,438,192 369,600 68,645,808 a Compiled from the monthly "Accounts relating to Trade and Navigation," presented to the British Parliament, the only authority at hand from which the countries whence the cotton exported was imported, could be ascertained. Results gathered from these monthly accounts sometimes vary from those given in the "Annual Statement of the Trade and Navigation of the United Kingdom," from which latter document was made up the second table [vi.] ou this page. Ten months, in part, from January 6 to October 31. VII. TABULAR COMPARATIVE STATEMENT, SHOWING THE QUANTITIES AND VALUES OF COTTON MANUFACTURES AND YARNS EXPORTED FROM GREAT BRITAIN AND FROM THE UNITED STATES RESPECTIVELY, TO ALL COUNTRIES, FOR A PERIOD OF FIVE YEARS, FROM 1851 To 1855, BOTH INCLUSIVE. a VIII. GENERAL INFORMATION RESPECTING THE COTTON TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. GREAT BRITAIN. The annual average importation of cotton from all countries into England, the last five years, has been 838,335,984 pounds, of which amount, according to British authorities, 661,529,220 pounds, or more than three-fourths, were from the United States. The annual average exportation to the continent and elsewhere, has been 122,810,688 pounds, or about one-sixth of the total quantity imported, leaving 715,525,296 pounds for the annual average comsumption. About one-sixth of the whole amount imported was from British possessions. In 1781 Great Britain commenced the re-exportation of cotton to the continent and elsewhere. In 1815 the quantity thus re-exported had risen from an annual average of one million pounds to that of six million pounds. In 1853 the aggregate amount exported exceeded 148,500,000 pounds, of which nearly 83,000,000 pounds were derived from the United States, and more than 60,000,000 pounds from the East Indies. The quantity of American cotton re-exported by Great Britain to the different markets of Europe, when compared with the quantities imported, is much less than that imported from some other countries—a fact which suggests the superiority of the American article and its better adaptation to purposes of fabrile industry. For example: about one-tenth of the cotton imported from the United States is re-exported, against nearly one-half of that imported from the East Indies. A comparison between American and East Indian cotton shows a difference of 100 per cent in favor of the former-the cotton of the East Indies, contains twenty-five per cent of waste, while that of the United States contains only twelve-and-a-half per cent. The fiber also of the latter excels that of the former. In 1788 the efforts of the East India Company commenced for the promotion of the growth of cotton, and for the improvement of its quality in British India; and the first exportation of the article to England was made the same year. In 1814 the exportation amounted to 4,000,000 pounds. It now averages some 165,000,000 pounds per annum. An area of about 8,000 square miles is said to be devoted to the culture. Liverpool is the great mart of the cotton trade of Great Britain, and of Europe generally. Thus, while the total imports of that article into the United Kingdom, according to British authorities, in 1852, amounted to 2,357,338 bales, the quantity at this port reached 2,205,738 bales. About six-sevenths of the cotton a Made up from British and United States official documents respectively-the commercial year of the former ending December 31, and of the latter June 30; the values in each statement being "declared and real." ¿Ten months, in part, from January 6 to October 31. received at Liverpool comes from the United States, and of this four-fifths is estimated to be imported for the factories of Lancashire and Yorkshire. Since March, 1845, cottons have been admitted into British ports free of duty. Prior to that period the duty was of and from British possessions 8 cents, from other places 70 cents per 112 pounds. The number of spindles in operation in England is estimated at more than twenty millions. The value of cotton supplied by the United States to Great Britain in 1855, was $57,616,749, being about the average each year the last four. The quantity of cotton exported from the United States to England in eleven months of the fiscal year 1856, is estimated at 2,755,000 bales. It appears from "Commerce and Navigation" that the importation of raw cotton from the British West Indies into the United States, has increased for some years past in a ratio quite proportionate to the decrease of such importation into Great Britain. Thus, the importations of cotton into the United States and Great Britain, respectively, from the British West Indies, from 1851 to 1855 inclusive, were as follows: The average price per pound of cotton, from 1851 to 1855, inclusive, in the United States and Great Britain, respectively, is shown as follows:— The following statement, showing the quantities of cotton imported into Great Britain and the countries whence imported, from 1840 to 1850, is given in addition to the statement exhibiting the same facts, from 1851 to 1855, already presented, (III,) in answer to the resolution. The figures are derived from a "Statistical Abstract for the United Kindgom in each year from 1840 to 1853, presented to both Houses of Parliament by command of her Majesty," by Mr. Albany W. Fonblanque, Superintendent of the Statistical Department of the Board of Trade:- Years. 1840... 1841. 1842. 1843. 1844.. 1845... 1846.. 1847. 1848.. 1849. 1850.. ....... POUNDS OF COTTON IMPORTED INTO GREAT BRITAIN FROM Egypt. 8,324.937 U. States. Brazil. The following table will show the quantities of cotton imported into Great Britain in 1850 and 1851, distinguishing that from foreign countries, and that from the possessions of Great Britain : a At Manchester. |