form an important part! Consider its government, uniting in one bond of common interest and general protection, sc many different States: giving to all their inhabitants the proud title of AMERICAN CITIZENS: protecting their com merce securing their literature and their arts: facilitating their intercommunication: defending their frontiers; and making their name respected in the remotest parts of the earth !

See

4. Consider the extent of its territory, its increasing and happy population, its advance in arts which render life agreeable, and the sciences which elevate the mind! education spreading the lights of religion, humanity, and general information, into every cottage in this wide extent of our territories and states! Behold it as the asylum where the wretched and the oppressed find refuge and support! Look on this picture of happiness and honor, and say, "WE, TOO, ARE CITIZENS OF AMERICA; Carolina is one of these proud States; her arms have defended,her best blood has cemented this happy Union!" And then add, if you can, without horror and remorse, "This happy Union we will dissolve: this picture of peace and prosperity we will deface: this free intercourse we will interrupt these fertile fields we will deluge with blood: the protection of that glorious flag we renounce: the very name of AMERICANS we discard."

5. And for what, mistaken men! for what do you throw away these inestimable blessings; for what would you exchange your share in the advantages and honor of the Union? For the dream of a separate independence, a DREAM interrupted by bloody conflicts with your neigh bors, and a vile dependence on foreign power? If your leaders could succeed in establishing a separation, what would be your situation? Are you united at home: are you free from the apprehensions of civil discord, with all its fearful consequences? Do our neighboring republics every day suffering some new revolution, or contending with some new insurrection,-do they excite your envy?

6. But the dictates of a high duty oblige me solemnly to announce that you cannot succeed. The laws of the United States must be executed, I have no discretionary power on the subject: my duty is emphatically pronounced in the constitution. Those who told you that you might peaceably prevent their execution, deceived you: they could not have been deceived themselves. They know that a forcible opposition could alone prevent the execution of the laws, and they know that such opposition must be repelled. Their object is disunion; but be not deceived by names; disunion, by armed force, is TREASON.

7. Are you really ready to incur its guilt? If you are, on the heads of the instigators of the act, be the dreadful consequences: on their heads be the dishonor, but on yours may fall the punishment: on your unhappy state will inevi tably fall all the evils of the conflict you force upon the gov. ernment of your country. It cannot accede to the mad project of disunion, of which you would be the first victims: its first magistrate cannot, if he would, avoid the performance of his duty: the consequence must be fearful for you, distressing to your fellow-citizens here, and to the friends. of good government throughout the world.

8. Its enemies have beheld our prosperity with a vexation they could not conceal,-it was a standing refutation of their slavish doctrines, and they will point to our discord with the triumph of malignant joy. It is yet in your power to disappoint them. There is yet time to show that the descendants of the Pinckneys, the Sumters, the Rutledges, and of the thousand other names which adorn the pages of your Revolutionary history, will not abandon that Union, to support which so many of them fought, and bled, and died.

9. I adjure you, as you honor their memories,-as you love the cause of freedom, to which they dedicated thei lives, as you prize the peace of your country, the lives of its best citizens, and your own fair fame, to retrace your steps. Snatch from the archives of your state the

disorganizing edict of its convention: bid its members to reassemble and promulgate the decided expressions of your will to remain in the path which alone can conduct you to safety, prosperity, and, honor: tell them that, compared to disunion, all other evils are light, because that brings with it an accumulation of all: declare that you will never take the field unless the star-spangled banner of your country shall float over you: that you will not be stigmatized when dead, and dishonored and scorned while. you live, as the authors of the first attack on the constitution of your country!

10. Its destroyers you cannot be. You may disturb its peace: you may interrupt the course of its prosperity: you may cloud its reputation for stability,-but its tranquillity will be restored, its prosperity will return, and the stain upon its national character will be transferred and remain an eternal blot on the memory of those who caused the disorder.

11. May the great Ruler of nations grant, that the signal blessings, with which He has favored ours, may not, by the madness of party or personal ambition, be disregarded and lost; and may His wise providence bring those who have produced this crisis, to see the folly, before they feel the misery, of civil strife; and inspire a returning veneration for that Union which, if we may dare to penetrate His designs, He has chosen as the only means of attaining the high destinies, to which we may reasonably aspire.

XLVI.-ADVICE TO A YOUNG LAWYER.

JUDGE STORY.

1. WHENE'ER you speak, remember every cause
Stands not on eloquence, but stands on laws:
Pregnant in matter, in expression brief,
Let every sentence stand in bold relief;
On trifling points nor time nor talents waste,
A sad offence to learning and to taste;

Nor deal with pompous phrase, nor e'er suppose
Poetic flights belong to reasoning prose.

Loose declamation may deceive the crowd,
And seem more striking as it grows more loud;
But sober sense rejects it with disdain,

As nought but empty noise, and weak as vain.
The froth of words, the schoolboy's vain parade
Of books and cases-all his stock in trade-
The pert conceits, the cunning tricks and play
Of low attorneys, strung in long array,
The unseemly jest, the petulant reply,
That chatters on, and cares not how, or why,
Strictly avoid-unworthy themes to scan,
They sink the speaker and disgrace the man,
Like the false lights, by flying shadows cast,
Scarce seen when present and forgot when past.
3. Begin with dignity; expound with grace

Each ground of reasoning in its time and place;
Let order reign throughout-each topic touch,
Nor urge its power too little, nor too much;
Give each strong thought its most attractive view,
In diction clear and yet severely true,
And as the arguments in splendor grow,
Let each reflect its light on all below;
When to the close arrived, inake no delays
By petty flourishes, or verbal plays,

But sum the whole in one deep solemn strain,
Like a strong current hastening to the main.

XLVII. OUR DUTIES TO THE REPUBLIC.

JUDGE STORY.

1. THE Old World has already revealed to us, in its unsealed books, the beginning and end of all its own marvellous struggles in the cause of liberty. Greece, lovely Greece,

"The land of scholars and the nurse of arms," where Sister Republics, in fair procession, chanted the praises of liberty and the Gods,-where and what is she? For two thousand years the oppressor has ground her to

the earth. Her arts are no more. The last sad relics of her temples are but the barracks of a ruthless soldiery. The fragments of her columns and her palaces are in the dust, yet beautiful in ruins. She fell not when the mighty were upon her. Her sons were united at Thermopylæ and Marathon; and the tide of her triumph rolled back upon the Hellespont. She was conquered by her own factions. She fell by the hands of her own People.

2. The man of Macedonia did not the work of destruction. It was already done, by her own corruptions, banishments, and dissensions. Rome, republican Rome, whose eagles glanced in the rising and setting sun,—where and what is she? The eternal city yet remains, proud even in her desolation, noble in her decline, venerable in the majesty of religion, and calm as in the composure of death. The malaria has but travelled in the paths worn by her destroyers. More than eighteen centuries have mourned over the loss of her empire. A mortal disease was upon her vitals before Cæsar had crossed the Rubicon; and Brutus did not restore her health by the deep probings of the Senate-chamber. The Goths, and Vandals, and Huns, the swarms of the North, completed only what was already begun at home. Romans betrayed Rome. The Legions were bought and sold; but the People offered the tribute money.

3. We stand the latest, and, if we fail, probably the last experiment of self-government by the People. We have begun it under circumstances of the most auspicious nature. We are in the vigor of youth. Our growth has never been checked by the oppressions of tyranny. Our constitutions have never been enfeebled by the vices or luxuries of the Old World. Such as we are, we have been from the beginning,-simple, hardy, intelligent, accustomed to self-government, and to self-respect. The Atlantic rolls between us and any formidable foe. Within our own territory, stretching through many degrees of latitude and longitude, we have the choice of many prod