sale, prospectuses that make big returns seem certain and fortunes easily within grasp. "We hold it to be the duty of the government to protect its people from this kind of piracy. We therefore demand wise, carefully thought-out legislation that will give us such government supervision over this matter as will furnish to the people of the United States this much needed protection, and we pledge ourselves thereto. "Conclusion.-On these principles and on the recognized desirability of uniting the progressive forces of the nation into an organization which shall unequivocally represent the Progressive spirit and policy, we appeal for the support of all American citizens, without regard to previous political affiliations." Other Parties Prohibition Party.-Convention held in Atlantic City, July 10-11, 1912. For President, Eugene W. Chafin, of Arizona; for Vice-President, Aaron S. Watkins, of Ohio. People's Party (Populists).-Beginning its national career in 1892, the Populist organization at once became a powerful factor and so continued for a number of years. Its decline was due to its fusions and the wide acceptance of progressive political ideas, especially on the part of the Democracy in the western and southern States. In 1912 the People's party held a national convention at St. Louis, August 13, but made no nominations. It has not since appeared in national politics. Socialist Party.-Convention held in Indianapolis, May 12-17, 1912. For President, Eugene V. Debs, of Indiana; for Vice-President, Emil Seidel, of Wiscon HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Socialist Labor Party.-For President, Arthur E. Reimer, of Massachusetts; for Vice-President, August Gillhaus, of New York. The Election Electoral vote for President and Vice-President: Woodrow Wilson and Thomas R. Marshall, Democrats:Alabama, 12; Arizona, 3; Arkansas, 9; California, 2; Colorado, 6; Connecticut, 7; Delaware, 3; Florida, 6; Georgia, 14; Idaho, 4; Illinois, 29; Indiana, 15; Iowa, 13; Kansas, 10; Kentucky, 13; Louisiana, 10; Maine, 6; Maryland, 8; Massachusetts, 18; Mississippi, 10; Missouri, 18; Montana, 4; Nebraska, 8; Nevada, 3; New Hampshire, 4; New Jersey, 14; New Mexico, 3; New York, 45; North Carolina, 12; North Dakota, 5; Ohio, 24; Oklahoma, 10; Oregon, 5; Rhode Island, 5; South Carolina, 9; Tennessee, 12; Texas, 20; Virginia, 12; West Virginia, 8; Wisconsin, 13; Wyoming, 3. Total, 435. Elected. Theodore Roosevelt and Hiram W. Johnson, Progressives:-California, 11; Michigan, 15; Minnesota, 12; Pennsylvania, 38; South Dakota, 5; Washington, 7. Total, 88. William H. Taft and Nicholas Murray Butler,1 Republicans:— Utah, 4; Vermont, 4. Total, 8. Popular vote: Wilson, 6,286,214; Roosevelt, 4,126,020; Taft, 3,483,922; Debs, 897,011; Chafin, 208,923; Reimer, 29,079. 1James S. Sherman, the Republican nominee for Vice-President, died on October 30, 1912, and Nicholas Murray Butler, of New York, received the Vice-Presidential votes of the Republican Electors. 1916 Democratic Party Convention held in St. Louis, June 14-16, 1916. Temporary chairman, Martin H. Glynn, of New York; permanent chairman, Ollie M. James, of Kentucky. President Wilson and Vice-President Marshall were renominated, both by acclamation. Platform: "The Democratic party, in national convention assembled, adopts the following declaration to the end that the people of the United States may both realize the achievements wrought by four years of Democratic administration and be appraised of the policies to which the party is committed for the further conduct of national affairs. "1. Record of Achievement.-We endorse the administration of Woodrow Wilson. It speaks for itself. It is the best exposition of sound Democratic policy at home and abroad. "We challenge comparison of our record, our keeping of pledges, and our constructive legislation with those of any party of any time. "We found our country hampered by special privilege, a vicious tariff, obsolete banking laws, and an inelastic currency. Our foreign affairs were dominated by commercial interests for their selfish ends. The Republican party, despite repeated pledges, was impotent to correct abuses which it had fostered. Under our administration, under a leadership which has never faltered, these abuses have been corrected and our people have been freed therefrom. "Our archaic banking and currency system, prolific of panic and disaster under Republican administration-long the refuge of the money trust, has been supplanted by the Federal Reserve act, a HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK true democracy of credit under government control already proved a financial bulwark in a world crisis, mobilizing our resources, placing abundant credit at the disposal of legitimate industry, and making a currency panic impossible. "We have created a Federal Trade commission to accommodate the perplexing questions arising under the Anti-Trust laws so that monopoly may be strangled at its birth and legitimate industry encouraged. Fair competition in business is now assured. "We have effected an adjustment of the tariff, adequate for revenue under peace conditions and fair to the consumer and to the producer. We have adjusted the burdens of taxation so that swollen incomes bear their equitable share. Our revenues have been sufficient in times of world stress, and will largely exceed the expenditures for the current fiscal year. "We have lifted human labor from the category of commodities and have secured to the workingman the right of voluntary association for his protection and welfare. We have protected the rights of the laborer against the unwarranted issuance of writs of injunction, and have guaranteed to him the right of trial by jury in cases of alleged contempt committed outside the presence of the court. "We have advanced the parcel post to genuine efficiency, enlarged the postal savings system, added ten thousand rural delivery routes and extensions, thus reaching two and one-half millions additional people, improved the postal service in every branch, and for the first time in our history placed the post office system on a self-supporting basis, with actual surplus in 1913, 1914, and 1916. "2. Economic Freedom.-The reforms which were most obviously needed to clear away special privilege, prevent unfair discrimination, and release the energies of men of all ranks and advantages, have been effected by recent legislation. We must now remove, as far as possible, every remaining element of unrest and uncertainty from the path of the business men of America, and secure for them a continued period of quiet, assured, and confident prosperity. "3. Tariff. We reaffirm our belief in the doctrine of a tariff for the purpose of providing sufficient revenue for the operation of the government economically administered, and unreservedly endorse the Underwood Tariff law as truly exemplifying that doctrine. We recognize that tariff rates are necessarily subject to change to meet changing conditions in the world's protection and trade. The events of the last two years have brought about many momentous changes. In some respects their effects are yet conjectural and wait to be disclosed, particularly in regard to our foreign trade. Two years of a war which has directly involved most of the chief industrial nations of the world and which has indirectly affected the life and industry of all nations are bringing about economic changes more varied and far-reaching than the world has ever before experienced. In order to ascertain just what those changes may be, the Democratic Congress is providing for a non-partisan Tariff commission to make impartial and thorough study of every economic fact that may throw light either upon our past or upon our future fiscal policy with regard to the imposition of taxes on imports or with regard to the changed and changing conditions under which our trade is carried on. We cordially endorse this timely proposal and declare ourselves in sympathy with the principle and purpose of shaping legislation within that field in accordance with clearly established facts rather than in accordance with the demands of selfish interests or upon information provided largely, if not exclusively, by them. "4. Americanism.-The part which the United States will play in the new day of international relationship that is now upon us will depend upon our preparation and our character. The Democratic party, therefore, recognizes the assertion and triumphant demonstration of the indivisibility and coherent strength of the nation as the supreme issue of this day in which the whole world faces the crisis of manifold change. It summons all men of whatever origin or creed who would count themselves Americans, to join in making clear to all the world the unity and consequent power of America. This is an issue of patriotism. To taint it with partisanship would be to defile it. In this day of test, America must show itself not a nation of partisans but a nation of patriots. There is gathered here in America the best of the blood, the industry, and the genius of the world, the elements of a great race and a magnifi |