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HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

associate with our great leader and share the honors which we pledge our best efforts to bestow upon them."

Liberal Republicans1

The Liberal Republican movement was organized in opposition to the Grant administration and to the continuance of certain policies of the regular Republican organization. A national mass-convention met in Cincinnati on May 1-3, 1872, and was organized on the basis of representation for the States proportioned to their Electoral votes. Temporary chairman, Stanley Matthews, of Ohio; permanent chairman, Carl Schurz, of Missouri.

Six ballots were taken for President. First ballot: -Charles Francis Adams, of Massachusetts, 205; Horace Greeley, of New York, 147; Lyman Trumbull, of Illinois, 110; B. Gratz Brown, of Missouri, 95; David Davis, of Illinois, 922; Andrew G. Curtin, of Pennsylvania, 62; Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio, 21⁄2. Greeley was nominated on the sixth ballot, after changes, by 482 votes out of the total 714, his leading competitor, Adams, receiving 187.

B. Gratz Brown, of Missouri, was nominated for Vice-President on the second ballot.

Platform:

"We, the Liberal Republicans of the United States, in national convention assembled at Cincinnati, proclaim the following principles as essential to just government:

1Our authority for the transactions of the national convention of this party is Proceedings of the Liberal Republican Convention. New York, Baker & Goodwin, Printers; 1872.

"1. We recognize the equality of all men before the law, and hold that it is the duty of government, in its dealings with the people, to mete out equal and exact justice to all, of whatever nativity, race, color, or persuasion, religious or political.

"2. We pledge ourselves to maintain the Union of these States, emancipation, and enfranchisement, and to oppose any reopening of the questions settled by the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments to the Constitution.

"3. We demand the immediate and absolute removal of all disabilities imposed on account of the rebellion, which was finally subdued seven years ago, believing that universal amnesty will result in complete pacification in all sections of the country.

"4. Local self-government, with impartial suffrage, will guard the rights of all citizens more securely than any centralized power. The public welfare requires the supremacy of the civil over the military authority, and freedom of person under the protection of the habeas corpus. We demand for the individual the largest liberty consistent with public order, for the State self-government, and for the nation a return to the methods of peace and the constitutional limitations of power.

"5. The civil service of the government has become a mere instrument of partisan tyranny and personal ambition, and an object of selfish greed. It is a scandal and reproach upon free institutions, and breeds a demoralization dangerous to the perpetuity of republican government. We therefore regard a thorough reform of the civil service as one of the most pressing necessities of the hour; that honesty, capacity, and fidelity constitute the only valid claim to public employment; that the offices of the government cease to be a matter of arbitrary favoritism and patronage, and that public station become again a post of honor. To this end it is imperatively required that no President shall be a candidate for reëlection.

"6. We demand a system of Federal taxation which shall not unnecessarily interfere with the industry of the people, and which shall provide the means necessary to pay the expenses of the government economically administered, the pensions, the interest on the public debt, and a moderate reduction annually of the principal

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

thereof; and recognizing that there are in our midst honest but irreconcilable differences of opinion with regard to the respective systems of protection and free trade, we remit the discussion of the subject to the people in their Congressional districts, and to the decision of the Congress thereon, wholly free from Executive interference or dictation.

"7. The public credit must be sacredly maintained, and we denounce repudiation in every form and guise.

"8. A speedy return to specie payment is demanded alike by the highest considerations of commercial morality and honest govern

ment.

"9. We remember with gratitude the heroism and sacrifices of the soldiers and sailors of the republic, and no act of ours shall ever detract from their justly earned fame or the full reward of their patriotism.

"10. We are opposed to all further grants of lands to railroads or other corporations. The public domain should be held sacred to actual settlers.

"11. We hold that it is the duty of the government in its intercourse with foreign nations to cultivate the friendships of peace by treating with all on fair and equal terms, regarding it alike dishonorable either to demand what is not right or to submit to what is wrong.

"12. For the promotion and success of these vital principles, and the support of the candidates nominated by this convention, we invite and cordially welcome the coöperation of all patriotic citizens without regard to previous affiliations."

Democratic Party

Convention held in Baltimore, July 9, 1872; temporary chairman, Thomas J. Randolph, of Virginia; permanent chairman, James R. Doolittle, of Wisconsin.

The candidates and platform of the Liberal Republicans were endorsed (see above). For the Presidential nomination Greeley received 686 votes to 15 for James A. Bayard, of Delaware; 21 for Jeremiah S. Black, of Pennsylvania; 2 for William S. Groesbeck, of Ohio; and 8 blank.

Other Parties

Straight-out Democrats.-Convention held at Louisville, September 3, 1872. For President, Charles O'Conor, of New York; for Vice-President, John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts.

Labor Reform Party.-Convention held in Columbus, Ohio, February 21-22, 1872. For President, David Davis, of Illinois; for Vice-President, Joel Parker, of New Jersey.

Prohibition Party.-Convention held in Columbus, Ohio, February 22, 1872. For President, James Black, of Pennsylvania; for Vice-President, John Russell, of Michigan.

The Election

Horace Greeley, the Democratic and Liberal Republican candidate, died November 29, 1872. The Electors met December 4, and those who had been chosen on the Greeley and Brown ticket divided their votes for President and Vice-President according to their individual preferences.

Electoral vote for President:

Ulysses S. Grant, Republican:-Alabama, 10; California, 6; Connecticut, 6; Delaware, 3; Florida, 4; Illinois, 21; Indiana, 15;

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Iowa, 11; Kansas, 5; Maine, 7; Massachusetts, 13; Michigan, 11; Minnesota, 5; Mississippi, 8; Nebraska, 3; Nevada, 3; New Hampshire, 5; New Jersey, 9; New York, 35; North Carolina, 10; Ohio, 22; Oregon, 3; Pennsylvania, 29; Rhode Island, 4; South Carolina, 7; Vermont, 5; Virginia, 11; West Virginia, 5; Wisconsin, 10. Total, 286. Elected.

Other States carried by Grant according to the returns, the Electoral votes of which, however, were excluded by Congress from the count: Arkansas, 6; Louisiana, 8. Total, 14.

Opposition:-Thomas A. Hendricks, of Indiana, received 8 in Kentucky, 8 in Maryland, 6 in Missouri, 12 in Tennessee, and 8 in Texas-total, 42. B. Gratz Brown, of Missouri, received 6 in Georgia, 4 in Kentucky, and 8 in Missouri-total, 18. Charles J. Jenkins, of Georgia, received 2 in Georgia. David Davis, of Illinois, received 1 in Missouri. Horace Greeley received 3 in Georgia; excluded by Congress from the count because of his decease. Total opposition, 66.

Electoral vote for Vice-President:

Henry Wilson, Republican:-Same as Grant, 286. Elected. Vice-Presidential Electoral votes excluded by Congress from the count: Arkansas, 6; Louisiana, 8. Total, 14.

Opposition:-B. Gratz Brown, of Missouri, received 5 in Georgia, 8 in Kentucky, 8 in Maryland, 6 in Missouri, 12 in Tennessee, and 8 in Texas-total, 47. George W. Julian, of Indiana, received 5 in Missouri. Alfred H. Colquitt, of Georgia, received 5 in Georgia. John M. Palmer, of Illinois, received 3 in Missouri. Thomas E. Bramlette, of Kentucky, received 3 in Kentucky. William S. Groesbeck, of Ohio, received 1 in Missouri. William B. Machen, of Kentucky, received 1 in Kentucky. Nathaniel P. Banks, of Massachusetts, received 1 in Georgia. Total opposition, 66.

Popular vote:

Grant, 3,597,070; Greeley, 2,834,079; O'Conor, 30,297; Black, 5,627.

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