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PLAN OF THE CEMETERY.

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menting, and enclosing of the grounds, erecting a lodge for the keeper, and constructing a suitable monument, should be borne by the several States, and assessed in proportion to their population, as indicated by their representation in Congress.

The Soldiers' National Cemetery is enclosed by a well built stone wall, surmounted with heavy dressed capping stones. This wall extends along the south, west, and north sides of the grounds. The division fence between it and the local cemetery of the town is of iron. The lodge for the residence of the keeper is a beautiful structure, and the front fence and gate-way are of ornamental iron work. The grounds have been graded, and are adorned with many beautiful trees, shrubbery, and flowers. The burial-place proper is semi-circular in form. In the center of this semi-circle stands the National Monument. The grounds from this center slope off gradually in every direction. They are laid out in lots, each State proportioned in size to the number of its dead. Each of these lots is divided into sections, with a space of four feet for a walk between the sections. There are also spaces set apart for the Regulars, as also for those whose identity could not be distinguished. Many of those who fell in the first day's engagement are among the latter; they lay either unburied and exposed to the sun and rain, until the Monday following the battle, or were but slightly covered. The outer division of the section is lettered "A," and so on in alphabetical order. As the observer stands in the center of the semi-circle, facing the circumference, the burials are commenced at the right hand of the section in each lot, and the graves are num

bered regularly. A register is kept of the number, name, regiment, and company of the occupant of each grave. Two feet of space is allowed to each, and they are laid with their heads toward the center of the semi-circle. At the head of the graves there is a stone wall, built up from the bottom as a foundation for the head-stones, which are placed along the whole length of each section, and on

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GENERAL REYNOLDS' MONUMENT IN THE SOLDIERS' NATIONAL CEMETERY AT GETTYSBURG. (From a photograph by Tipton.)

which, opposite each grave, is engraved the name, regiment, and the company of the deceased. These headstones are all alike in size, the design being wholly adapted to a symmetrical order, and one which combines simplicity and durability. The remains of the soldiers were taken up and re-interred with great care. Every precaution was

GENERAL REYNOLDS' MONUMENT.

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taken to identify the unmarked graves, and also to prevent the marked graves from losing their identity by the defacement of the original temporary boards, on which the names were written or cut by their comrades in arms. The graves being all numbered, the numbers are registered in a record-book, with the name, company, and regiment. This register will ever designate the graves and preserve the identity of the occupants. The coffins and head-stones were furnished by the Government, and the cemetery is kept in order by persons appointed and paid by the same. A careful account was also taken and kept of each article found in the pockets, or about the person of the deceased.

Not all, however, who fell at this place in the sacred cause of Freedom were interred here. Many were taken away by their friends and buried among their own kindred; and many others who were wounded and taken to their homes, or to distant hospitals, and died there, were laid away to rest where they died. Among the killed who were removed was the brave, the lamented Reynolds. His body was borne to his native city, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where, amidst his own kindred, he sleeps. A beautiful monument, however, has been erected by his comrades, in the National Cemetery, near the entrance, a view of which is shown in our illustration.

But of all the gallant heroes who fell at Gettysburg, wherever they rest, it may truthfully be said:

"They fell devoted, but undying;

Their very names the gale seems sighing;

The rivers murmur of their name;

The woods are peopled with their fame;

The silent tombstone, cold and gray,

Claims kindred with their hallowed clay;
Their spirits wrap the dusky mountains;
Their memory sparkles over the fountains;
The meanest rill, the mightiest river,

Rolls mingling with their fame forever."

The Soldiers' National Monument, standing in this semicircle, is one of the most beautiful works of art upon the continent. The whole rendering of the design is intended to be purely historical, telling its own story, with such simplicity that any discerning mind will readily comprehend its meaning and purpose.

The superstructure is sixty feet high, and consists of a massive granite pedestal, twenty-five feet square at the base, crowned by a colossal statue, representing the GENIUS OF LIBERTY. Standing upon a three quarter globe, she raises with her right hand the victor's wreath of laurel, while with her left she gathers up the folds of our national flag under which the victory has been won.

Projecting from the angles of the pedestal are four buttresses, supporting an equal number of allegorical statues representing, respectively, WAR, HISTORY, PEACE, and PLENTY.

WAR is personified by a statue of the American soldier, who, resting from the conflict, relates to HISTORY the story of the battle which this monument is intended to commemorate.

HISTORY, in listening attitude, records with stylus and tablet the achievements of the field, and the names of the honored dead.

PEACE is symbolized by a statue of the American mechanic, characterized by appropriate accessories.

PLENTY is represented by a female figure, with a sheaf

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