master and mistress did not believe this complaint, but directed the driver, if she should be ill in the morning, to bring her for medicine. The driver took her to the negro-house and again flogged her. Next morning she was taken to work in the field, where she died at noon! The master and mistress were imprisoned and fined for their cruelty: O that their spared lives may have been employed in humble penitence, and application to that precious blood which alone can deliver and cleanse from blood guiltiness!

These instances will more than suffice to show the dreadful extent of bodily suffering to which these victims of oppression were exposed when they fell into the hands of individuals of a cruel and malignant disposition. One or two samples of the yet more cruel disregard to relative ties.

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The following is given in the words of a missionary who witnessed the affecting fact. master of slaves exercised his barbarities on bath morning, while we were worshiping God in the chapel, and the cries of the female sufferers have frequently interrupted our devotions; but there was no redress for them or for us. This man wanted money; and one of the female slaves having two fine children, he sold one of them, and the child was torn from her maternal affection. In the agony of her feelings she made a hideous howling, and for that crime was flogged. Some time afterwards he sold her other child; this turned her heart within her, and impelled her into a kind of madness she howled night and day in the yard, tore her hair, ran up and down the streets rending the heavens with her cries, and literally watering the earth with her tears. Her constant cry was, "De

wicked massa, he sell me children. Will no buckra massa pity poor nego? What me do? me have no child! As she stood before my window, she said, lifting up her hands to heaven, "My massa, do my massa minister pity me! me heart do so, (shaking herself violently,) me heart do so because me have no child. Me go a massa house, in massa yard, and in me hut, but me no see um ;" and then her cry went up to God. I durst not (adds the missionary) be seen looking at her.

Another missionary relates the case of a husband and wife being sold into different islands, after having lived twenty-four years together, and reared a family of children.

A few years ago it was enacted that it should not be legal to transport once established slaves from one island to another. A gentleman resolving to do so before the act came in force, effected the removal of a great part of his live stock. He had a female slave, highly valuable to him, not the less so for being the mother of eight or nine children; her husband was the property of another owner in the neighbourhood: both of them were pious persons. Their masters not agreeing on a sale, separation ensued. Their minister accompanied them to the beach to be an eye-witness of the parting scene. One by one the father kissed his children with the firmness of a hero, and blessing them, gave, as his last words, "Farewell, be honest and obedient to your master." At length he had to take leave of his wife, there he stood, five or six yards from the mother of his children, unable to speak, or move, or do any thing, but gaze, and still to gaze, on the object of his long affections, about to cross the blue wave for ever from his

aching sight. The fire of his eyes alone gave indication of the passion, until, after some minutes standing there, he fell senseless on the sand, as if suddenly struck down by the hand of the Almighty. Nature could do no more. The blood gushed from his nostrils and mouth, as if rushing from the terrors of the conflict within; and, amid the confusion occasioned by this circumstance, the vessel bore off his family for ever from the island!

SECT. XIII.—PARTIAL AMELIORATION OF

SLAVERY

It is by no means desired, or desirable, to leave on the mind of the reader an impression that the lot of the slaves was equally wretched in all situations, and under all masters. There have been some honourable instances of persons coming involuntarily into the possession of slave plantations, who, perhaps, had not duly considered the real and unimproveable nature of the system, or who found it impracticable to fulfil their humane wishes, in altogether abolishing it even on their own estates, but who rendered it as tolerable as possible by their humane attention to the comfort of their slaves; not leaving them to the tender mercies of unprincipled and interested hirelings, but personally superintending their affairs, dwelling among their people, assigning moderate bounds to the labour required of them, affording them sufficient means of comfortable subsistence, encouraging by suitable rewards their diligence and fidelity, countenancing their endeavours to establish a little property, duly respecting the sacred ties of relationship, and taking pleasure in feeling themselves surrounded by contented happy families. This kind of conduct has

usually been pursued by persons who, being themselves enlightened by liberal principles, and under the influence of piety, were desirous of promoting the instruction of those dependent on them. On such estates the schoolmaster and the christian missionary have been encouraged, the negro has been elevated in the scale of society, he has had something worth living and labouring for, and something that could exalt and compose his mind in the prospect of death.. These instances have occurred, and they have reduced slavery, especially in the case of those born on the estate, to little more than a name, and it has generally proved, that slaves thus humanely treated, have not been unworthy of the kindness shown them. But these instances have been " like angel's visits, few and far between." To such slaves as have been expatriated, nothing could do away the bitter recollection of original injury; and even of those who never knew any other lot than that of slavery, the more their minds were enlightened by knowledge, the more keenly would they feel the degradation connected even with the name; nor could either class dismiss the apprehension, that, in case of the death of their humane masters, the property must pass into other hands, and that they had no security that themselves or their families might not be transferred to the possession of some careless master, and to the iron grasp of some relentless slave-driver.

SECT. XIV.—HISTORY OF THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY.

With inexpressible pleasure we turn to this more delightful page of the subject, and though we have yet many weary steps to travel before we

reach the goal, they will, we trust, be pursued with interest and enlivened by expectation.

"The name of the righteous shall be in everlasting remembrance; but the name of the wicked shall not." In accordance with these established axioms of sacred truth, as far as our little influence is concerned, we have suffered the names of the perpetrators of particular instances of cruelty and oppression to sink in silence and oblivion; but we will endeavour to collect at least the names of those who have distinguished themselves as the advocates of suffering humanity, and whose names ought to pass with honour down the stream of time. Wherever the record of their deeds shall reach, those who come after them shall praise God that ever they lived, that they were stirred up to sanction and uphold the righteous cause, and that at length success was granted to crown their persevering efforts. For the sake of clearness, these worthies will be divided into three classes. Those who expressed liberal sentiments, or in any way opposed the oppression of the negroes, before any systematic efforts were made in their behalf; those who avowedly aimed at the abolition of the slave-trade, with the measures they adopted, by which it was accomplished; and those who have been instrumental in effecting the abolition of slavery itself.

SECT. XV.—THE EARLY ADVOCATES OF THE

ENSLAVED AFRICANS

Francis Ximenes, a Spanish cardinal, born 1437, died 1517. He was the zealous friend and