P'D. I. CH. I. 1. IN 1644, the aged Opechancanough once more PT. II. attempted to cut off the scattered white population. As soon as resistance was made, the Indians were struck with panic, and fled. The Virginians pursued 1644 them vigorously, and killed three hundred. The chief Second was taken prisoner. He was then inhumanly wound- Indian ed, and kept as a public spectacle, until he was relieved by death. CHAPTER I.-1. What attempt was made by an Indian chief? Which, in this case, suffered most, the Indians, or the Virginians? How many Indians were killed? How was the chief treated? massacre 88 P'T. II. P'D. I. COMMERCE-OPPRESSION. 2. Charles I. was beheaded; and Cromwell directed the affairs of England. He perfected a system of opCH. 1. pression, in respect to trade, by the celebrated "Navigation Acts." By these, the colonies were not al1649. Charles lowed to find a market for themselves, and sell their 1. be produce to the highest bidder; but were obliged to carry it direct to the mother country. The English merchants bought it at their own price; and thus they, well. and not the colonist, made the profit on the fruits of his industry. headed. Crom 3. At the same time, these laws prohibited any but English vessels, from conveying merchandise to the 1651. colonies; thus compelling them to obtain their supplies of the English merchant; of course, at such tion prices, as he chose to fix upon his goods. Even free traffic among the colonists was prohibited. The 66 naviga acts." 4. Charles II. was restored to his father's throne in 1660. Berkeley, after various changes, was exercising, in Virginia, the office of governor. But prospects grew dark. Notwithstanding the loyalty of Vir1660. Charles ginia, to none of the colonies had the suppression of Il. the English monarchy wrought more good; and on none, did the restoration operate more disastrously. 5. The Virginians were divided into two classes. The first comprised the few persons who were highly educated, and possessed of extensive domains. The Aristo- second, and more numerous class, was composed of crats and servants and laborers; among whom were some, that for crimes in England, had been sent to America. A blind admiration of English usages, was now shown, in the regulations made by Berkeley, and his aristocratical advisers. plebe ians. 2. In what year was Charles I. beheaded? Who then directed the affairs in England? By what were the colonies op. pressed? What were they not allowed to do? What were they obuged to do? How did English merchants make the profit on the produce of the colonists?- 3. Of whom were the colonists obliged to purchase their supplies? Who would fix the prices? Could the different colonies trade freely with each other? 4. What happened in 1660? Who was governor of Virginia? What were the prospects of Virginia? — 5. Describe the two classes into which the Virginians were divided? What can you say of Berkeley and his advisers? VIRGINIA GIVEN AWAY. 89 P'D. I. 6. The rights of the people were on all hands re- PT. II. stricted. The affairs of the church were placed in the hands of vestries; corporations who held, and often cH. 1. severely used, the right to tax the whole community. The The assembly, composed of aristocrats, made them- people stripped selves permanent, and their salaries large. The right of their of suffrage was unrestrained, but the power of elect- rights. ing the burgesses being taken away, the meetings of the freemen were of little avail, for their only remaining right, was that of petition. away 7. A shock was now given, by which even the aristocracy were aroused. Charles, with his wonted profligacy, gave away Virginia for the space of thirty-one Charles years. He had, immediately on his accession, granted gives to Sir William Berkeley, Lord Culpepper, and others, Virginia that portion of the colony lying between the Rappa- for 31 hannock and Potomac; and now, to the covetous Lord Culpepper, and to Lord Arlington, another needy favorite, he gave the whole province. years. 1673. John 8. On the north, the Susquehannah Indians, driven by the Senecas, from the head of the Chesapeake, had come down, and having had provocation, were com- 1675. mitting depredations upon the banks of the Potomac. WashJohn Washington, the great grandfather of the hero of ington. the revolution, with a brother, Lawrence Washington, had emigrated from England, and was living in the county of Westmoreland. Kills SIT 9. Six of the Indian chiefs came to John Washington, to treat of peace, he being colonel. He wrongfully put them to death. "They came in peace," said Berkeley, "and I would have sent them in peace, Indian though they had killed my father and mother." Re- chiefs. venge inflamed the minds of the savages, and the midnight war-whoop often summoned to speedy death the defenseless families of the frontier. 6. How was it with the rights of the people? How in church matters? How with respect to the assembly? The right of suffrage?-7. What did King Charles give away? What portion had he granted before? To whom? To whom was the whole province now given?-8. Who was John Washington? What Indians were troublesome?-9. What provocation had Colonel Washington given them? What said Berkeley? 90 P'T. II. P'D. I. The make BACON AND HIS PARTY. 10. The people desired to organise for self defense, and in a peremptory manner, demanded for their leader, CH.1. Nathaniel Bacon, a popular young lawyer. Berkeley refused. New murders occurred; Bacon assumed com1676. mand, and with his followers, departed for the Indian people war. Berkeley declared him and his adherents rebels. Bacon 11. Bacon returned successful from his expedition, their and was elected a member for Henrico county. Popu lar liberty prevailed, and laws were passed, with which Popular Berkeley was highly displeased. Bacon, fearing treachliberty prevails, ery, withdrew to the country. The people rallied around him, and he returned to Jamestown, at the head of five hundred armed men. leader. 12. Berkeley met them, and baring his breast, exclaimed, "a fair mark, shoot!" Bacon declared that he came only for a commission, their lives being in Berkeley danger from the savages. The commission was issued, Bacon. and Bacon again departed for the Indian warfare. and Berkeley, in the meantime, withdrew to the sea-shore, and there collected numbers of seamen and royalists. He came up the river with a fleet, landed his army at Jamestown, and again proclaimed Bacon and his party, rebels and traitors. 13. Bacon having quelled the Indians, only a small band of his followers remained in arms. With these he hastened to Jamestown, and Berkeley fled at his approach. In order that its few dwellings should no more shelter their oppressors, the inhabitants set them James on fire. Then leaving that endeared and now desoburnt by lated spot, they pursued the royalists to the RappaBacon's hannock, where the Virginians, hitherto of Berkeley's party. party, deserted, and joined Bacon's standard. His town Oct. 1, Bacon dies. enemies were at his mercy; but his exposure to the night air had induced disease, and he died. 14. The party, without a leader, broke into fragments. As the principal adherents of Bacon, hunted and made prisoners, were one by one, brought before 10. What leader did the people choose? Give some account of the first steps in the contention between the people's leader and the governor?-11. Proceed with the account? 12. Continue the relation? 13. Relate the remaining events, till the time of Bacon's death? 14. What then happened to his party and principal followers? |