276 P'T. IV. P'D. II. CH. 1. MADISON'S ADMINISTRATION. decided terms. As the shipping of the country was so much exposed to seizure, congress laid an embargo. This also deprived the nations, which had injured the 1807. American commerce, of the advantages of their trade. An em- But the measure was much disliked by many of the American people. bargo. 9. There were other causes of complaint against the English. In the exercise of what they termed the right of search for British native Jorn subjects, their Pretend naval officers entered and searched American vessels ed right of search on the high seas; and repeatedly took, not only naturalized, but native American citizens. The Leopard, a British ship of war, attacked and overpowered an American frigate, the Chesapeake, but a few miles from the coast, and took from her four men. Chesa Outrage 10. The outrage upon the Chesapeake, which hapupon the pened before the embargo was laid, was resented by the peake. whole nation. But the English government sent out Mr. Rose, who made such explanations as satisfied the 1809. federal party. . . . In 1809, Mr. Madison was inaugurated Madison president, and Mr. George Clinton of New York was dent. re-elected vice-president... In the meantime the embargo met with the most violent opposition throughout Non-in- the country. The government repealed it and substisubsti- tuted a law, prohibiting all intercourse with France tuted. or Great Britain; with a proviso, that should either presi tercourse arrange revoke her edicts, this non-intercourse law should cease to be enforced, as it regarded that nation. 11. In April, a treaty was concluded with Mr. ErsMr. Er- kine, the British minister; which engaged on the part skine's of Great Britain, that the orders in council, so far as ment dis- they affected the United States, should be withdrawn by the The British ministry refused their sanction, alledging ministry. that their minister, whom they recalled, had exceeded his powers. His successor, Mr. Jackson, insinuated owned 8. What course was taken by the Am. government ? — 9. What other cause of complaint was against England? What was done by a British armed ship? 10. What was the national feeling respecting this outrage? Who were made president and vice-president? In what year? What law was substituted for the embargo?-11. What arrangement was made by Mr. Erskine ? What was done by the British ministry? What was Mr. Jackson's behaviour, and the consequence ? THE TWIN BROTHERS. 277 in a correspondence with the secretary of state, that P’T.IV. the American government knew that Mr. Erskine was not authorized to make the arrangement. This accusation was denied by the secretary, but repeated by Mr. Jackson. The president then declined further inter course. P'D. II. CH. 1. 12. In 1810, France repealed her decrees, and the 1810. president issued a proclamation on the 2d of Novem- French ber, declaring, that all the restrictions imposed by the decrees non-intercourse law, should cease, in relation to France and her dependencies. 13. The population of the United States, by the third census, taken in 1810, was 7,239,903. . . . An encounter took place off Cape Charles, between the American frigate President, commanded by Com. Rogers, and the British sloop of war, Little Belt, commanded by Capt. Bingham. The attack was commenced by the Little Belt, but she was soon disabled. This was a token that war was at hand. repealed. 1811. May 16. Attack on the President. Br. loss, 32. Tecum tawa. 14. The appearance of a hostile confederacy, had been discovered among the Indians on the western Indians frontier. At its head, was the great chief Tecumseh, hostile. and his twin brother, Elskwatawa. Tecumseh, who was the master-spirit, took upon himself the depart- and ments of war and eloquence, while Elskwatawa was Elskwato invest himself with the sacred and mysterious character of "Prophet." Pretending to be favored with direct communications from the Great Spirit, he by tricks and austerities, gained belief. He then began a species of drill, the object of which seems to dians led have been to discipline the Indians to obedience and by their superstiunion. He ordered them to kill their dogs, and these tion. faithful friends were instantly sacrificed. They must not, he said, permit their fires to go out; and at once the fire of every wigwam was watched as by vestals. 15. While the Prophet thus manifested, that priestcraft, in its worst form, may inhabit the desert as well 12. What was done by France? What by the president? 13. What was the population? Of what year? What encounter took place 14. What two remarkable characters appeared among the Indians? Give an account of Tecumseh? Of Elkswatawa? The In 278 THE SECRET MISSION. PT. IV. as the city, Tecumseh was going from one Indian conP'D. II. federacy to another, and, by his eloquence, inflaming CH. 1. their minds against the whites. He did not, like Tecum Philip, believe it possible to exterminate the entire white population, but he thought the combined Indian power, might suffice to set them their bounds. sch's views. 16. Gov. Harrison, of the Indiana territory, was directed to march against them with a military force. On the 7th of November, he met a number of the Prophet's messengers at Tippecanoe, and a suspension of Harrison hostilities was agreed upon until the next day. Harat Tippecanoe. rison formed his men in order of battle; and they thus w. 180. reposed upon their arms. Just before day, the faithInd. 270. less savages rushed upon them. But the war-whoop Am. k.& Am. losses. was not unexpected. The Americans stood, repelled the shock, and repulsed the assailants. Tecumseh was at a distance, not having expected, that the whites would strike the first blow. 17. The French decrees being annulled, commerce had begun with France, and nine hundred American vessels, richly laden, had been captured by the British since the year 1803. The president recommended to congress, that the United States should be placed in Prepara- an attitude of defense. Provision was accordingly tions for made to increase the regular army to 35,000 men, and to enlarge the navy. The president was authorized to borrow eleven millions of dollars, and the duties on imported goods were doubled. war. 18. Mr. Madison laid before congress documents, 1812. which proved that in 1809, the British government, by Henry's its agent, Sir James Craig, governor of Canada, had disclo sent John Henry, as an emissary to the United States; to intrigue with the leading members of the federal Secret party, and lead them, if possible, to form the eastern mission. part of the union into a nation, or province, dependent on Great Britain. Henry proceeded through Vermont sure. ISO9. 15. What was made manifest by the Indian prophet? What was Tecumseh doing? What were his views? 16. Who was sent against the Indians? Describe the battle of Tippecanoe? 17. How many of the American vessels had the British taken ? Since what year? What measures were taken to prepare for war?-13. What disclosure was made by the President? and New Hampshire to Boston; but he returned with- P'T.IV. out effecting, in any degree his purpose. P'D. II. 1812. CHAPTER II. War of 1812.-Condition of the country.-Hull's surrender. June 18. War de 1. On the 18th of June, 1812, war with Great Britain was formally declared. In 1775, the Americans were comparatively a warlike people; they had now become clared. enervated by a peace of nearly forty years. In 1808, the regular army consisted of only 3,000 men; but during that year, the government increased it to nine Military thousand. The act to raise an additional force was the U.S. passed so short a time previous to the declaration of inadewar, that not more than one-fourth of the number were enlisted at that time; and those were, of course, raw and undisciplined. force of quate. State of 2. The state of the revenue in 1812, was extremely unfavorable to the prosecution of an expensive war. Derived almost solely from duties on merchandise imported, it was abundant in a state of commercial pros- the reperity; but in time of war and trouble, the aggressions of foreign powers, while they produced an increase of public expenditure, almost destroyed the means of defraying it. venue. vy in a better than the army. 3. The condition of the navy was better than that The na of the army. The situation of the United States, as a maritime and commercial nation, had kept it provided condition with seamen. The recent contest with Tripoli, had given to the officers and men, some experience in war. But the navy was small. Ten frigates, ten sloops, and one hundred and sixty-five gun boats, was all the public naval force, which America could oppose to the thousand ships of Great Britain.... Henry Dearborn, a CHAPTER II.-1. At what time was war declared? What was the condition of the army? 2. What was that of the revenue? -3. What that of the navy? Who was made commander? General Dear born, com mander in-chief. 280 HULL'S INVASION. PT. IV. surviving officer of the revolution, was appointed P'D. II. major-general and commander-in-chief of the AmeriCH. II. can army. 1912. the 4. The plan of the campaign was formed at Washington. It was intended to invade Canada, at Detroit and Niagara, and that the armies from these places should be joined, on the way, by the force stationed Army of at Plattsburg, and all proceed to Montreal. The army destined for Detroit, was collected at Dayton, in Ohio, some time before the declaration of war. The forces consisted of three regiments of volunteers, commanded by Cols. M'Arthur, Cass, and Findlay, and 300 regulars under Col. Miller;-the whole under Gen. Hull, who had been, for some time, governor of the Michigan Territory. northwest. Hull at Rapids. A trunk June 30. 5. Gen. Hull, moving slowly through an uncultivated region, reached the rapids of the Maumee, and the on the first of July sent off his hospital stores, his sick, and part of his baggage, in a vessel to go by water to Detroit. This vessel, in which was his careless trunk of private papers, containing accounts of the ly placed. army, and plans of movement, was taken by the British. Gen. Hull arrived at Detroit on the 5th, and on the 12th invaded Canada. At Sandwich he issued a bold and imposing proclamation, inviting the Canadians to join him. The British force, which it was expected his army would attack, was at Fort Malden. He waited near it for artillery from Detroit. A detachment of the army took a bridge leading to the fort, but he would not suffer them to retain it. Van 6. As the British had the command of the waters, the road from Ohio, by which Hull expected a party Horne's under Capt. Brush to bring provisions, was infested by party de- warriors whom their shipping landed on the American feated by Tecum side. Hull sent a detachment, under Van Horne, to sch. keep open the road. Tecumseh and his Indians lay in ambush, and killed thirty of his men, when the remainder fled to Detroit. 4. What was the plan of the campaign? Describe the army of the north-west ? 5. Describe Hull's progress from Dayton to the vicinity of Malden? 6. What happened to the first party sent by Hull to escort Capt. Brush? |