Alter, Lucid, Secrete, Consume, Define, Doom, Distant, Scrutiny, Warmth, Abandon, Serious, Integrity, Indolent, Acquaint, Inform, Invest, Mention, Perceive, Abundant, Sparkle, Temporary, Way, Employ, Constitute, Becoming, Attachment, Assail, Assert, Commonly, Shelter, Frustrate.

Substitute a synonyme which will express the same, or nearly the same idea, with the words in Italick in the fol lowing sentences.

Fortune is changeable.

Fortune is mutable.

MODEL.

Fortune is variable.

Fortune is inconstant

Fortune is fickle.

Fortune is versatile.

1. I have no desire for wealth.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Soldiers protect the city from the danger of capture.
I bought this knife at a bookstore.

She has expressed her ideas in a very lucid manner.
He is a man of intellect.

I design to show the difference in these words.
7. The Nile annually deluges Egypt.

8.

The army has overrun the country.

9. Poverty is frequently a blessing in disguise.

10.

Wealth and want are both temptations. The for

mer cherishes pride, the latter produces discontent.

11. The sun sheds abroad his golden rays, and fills the earth with his vivifying influence.

12. I have no occasion for his services, and am, therefore, unwilling to receive them.

LESSON XV.

TRANSPOSITION.

The ideas contained in the following poetical extracts may be written in the pupil's own language in prose.

To

MODEL.

What is the blooming tincture of the skin,
peace of mind and harmony within?

Same transposed.

Of what value is beauty, in comparison with a tranquil mind, and a quiet conscience.

Another.

Reason's whole pleasure, all the joys of sense
Lie in three words,-health, peace, and competence.

Same idea expressed in prose.

Health, peace, and competence comprise all the pleasures which this world can afford.

1.

EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE.

Honour and shame from no condition rise;
Act well your part; there all the honour lies.

2. Like birds whose beauties languish half concealed
Till mounted on the wing, their glossy plumes,
Expanded shine with azure, green and gold,
How blessings brighten as they take their flight.

3. I am monarch of all I survey,

My right there is none to dispute;
From the centre all round to the sea,
1 am lord of the fowl and the brute.

4. O, Solitude! where are the charms,
That sages have seen in thy face?
Better dwell in the midst of alarms,
Than reign in this horrible place.

5. Sweet was the sound when oft at evening's close Up yonder hill the village murmur rose.

6. Here rests his head upon the lap of earth,
A youth to fortune and to fame unknown.
Fair science frown'd not on his humble birth,
And melancholy marked him for her own.

7.

Live, while you live, the epicure would say,
And seize the pleasures of the present day.
Live, while you live, the sacred preacher cries,
And give to God each moment as it flies.
Lord! in my view let both united be;
I live in pleasure when I live to thee.

8. Oh, for a lodge in some vast wilderness, Some boundless contiguity of shade,

9.

Where rumour of oppression and deceit,
Of unsuccessful or successful war,

Might never reach me more.

The evening was glorious, and light through the trees
Played the sunshine and rain drops, the birds and
the breeze,

The landscape, outstretching in loveliness, lay
On the lap of the year, in the beauty of May.

LESSON XVI.

ARRANGEMENT, OR CLASSIFICATION.

The pupil is to be required in this lesson to arrange or classify a subject assigned. Thus, if a chapter of Proverbs, for instance, be assigned him to classify, he will put all the verses together which belong to the same subject; such as similar characters, similar virtues, conditions of life, &c. The following Model exhibits a classification of some of the verses of the 11th chapter of Proverbs.*

MODEL.

Verses relating to the righteous man.

The integrity of the upright shall guide them.
The righteousness of the perfect shall direct his way.
The righteousness of the upright shall deliver them.
The righteous is delivered out of trouble.

When it goeth well with the righteous the city rejoiceth.
By the blessing of the upright the city is exalted.

To him that soweth righteousness shall be a sure reward.

Righteousness tendeth to life; such as are upright in their way are the Lord's delight.

The seed of the righteous shall be delivered. The desire of the righteous is only good.

The righteous shall flourish as a branch.

The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life.

Behold the righteous shall be recompensed in the earth.

Righteousness delivereth from death. Through knowledge shall the just be delivered.

*In estimating the merit of an exercise of this kind, that one should be prefered which leaves the smallest number of verses unclassified.

EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE.

1. The pupil may now classify the remaining verses of the same chapter, by selecting those which relate to The wicked or unjust, The wise, The liberal, The illiberal, &c. &c.

2. He may then take a sentence assigned by the Teacher, and classify the words in it by arranging them under the following heads: namely, 1st, Such as signify things; 2d, Such as signify qualities; 3d, Such as signify circumstances; 4th, Such as signify relations; 5th, Such as signify connexion; 6th, Such as signify actions, together with such other classes as he can discover.

3. Another exercise of the same kind, will be furnished by classifying the different animals, beasts, birds, fishes, insects, &c. which he has seen, or about which he has read. For instance, he may write a list of those animals with which he is acquainted that have four feet, called quadrupeds; then of those which have but two, then of those which have none. 2dly, Those which have horns, that chew the cud, &c.

4. He may then classify the books of a Library according to their subjects.

5. The words of a language.

6. The articles of furniture in a house, designating those which are designed for ornament, as well as for the various uses of cooking, comfort, convenience, &c.

7. Tools used for cutting.

8. Tools used for cultivating the earth, mentioning for what each is intended.

9. The different sorts of vegetables.

Note to Teachers.

The utility of this lesson may be questioned by some, on account of its apparent difficulty. As it is designed to lead the pupil to think, and on that account is not alien to the subject of composition, it is inserted, in the hope that a fair trial will be made, before it is wholly neglected. No pupil can be taught to parse, without learning to classify.

LESSON XVII.

DEFINITION, AND DISTINCTION, OR DIFFERENCE.

The pupil may write in his own language a definition of the following words, according to the manner pointed out by the model.

MODEL.

Explanation of the word Elastick.

When a thing is of such a nature that on being bent, or compressed, it returns to its former state, it is said to be elastick. Thus a bow, India rubber, the air, are elastick substances.

Another.

Justice.

Justice is that virtue which induces us to give to every one his due. It requires us not only to render every article of property to its right owner, but also to esteem every one according to his merit, giving credit for talents and virtues wherever they may be possessed, and withholding our approbation from every fault, how great soever the temptation that leads to it.

EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE.*

Eternal, Infinite, Omnipotent, Omnipresent, Incarcerate, Explanation, Demonstrated, Indivisible, Inevitable, Incomprehensible, Inspissated, Evaporate, Mercy, Virtue, Vice, Honesty, Grammar, Astronomy, Architecture, Analysis, Synthesis, Analogy, Comparison, Judgment, Reasoning, Description, To Transpose, To Disregard, Excellence, Activity, To Disobey, Tautology, Narration, Outline, Amplify.

The difference or distinction between two words may sometimes be shown by an analysis of each.

MODEL.

The difference between the Capital and the Capitol of a country. The Capital is the chief city where the Legislature meet to enact laws, &c.

The Capitol is the building in which they assemble

The Capital contains the Capitol.

The different parts of the Capital are streets, lanes, squares, alleys, courts, houses, &c.

The different parts of the Capitol are halls, rooms, closets, fireplaces, doors, windows, stairs, chimneys, cellar, &c.

The Capital is generally several miles in length.

The Capitol is seldom more than one or two hundred feet.

The pupil may now show by an analysis, the difference between

the following words :

*The pupil should be directed to give an instance of the proper

application of the word, after he has explained its meaning.

+ See Lesson 11th.