14th of January, 1790. At the second session of the Senate Benjamin Hawkins appeared on the 13th of January, 1790, as a Senator from North Carolina, and on the 29th of the same month Samuel Johnson appeared as a Senator from the same State. Benjamin Hawkins was born in North Carolina in August, 1754. He received a classical education, was at Princeton college, but the Revolutionary war suspended the college exercises whilst he was in the senior class. Having acquired a knowledge of the French language he was placed on the staff of General Washington as interpreter, and was at the battle of Monmouth and other engagements. He was a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1781 to 1784, and from 1786 to 1787. He was appointed by Congress as commissioner to negotiate treaties with the Creeks and Cherokees in 1785. He was elected a Senator in the first Congress, serving from January 13, 1790, till March 3, 1795. He was appointed by General Washington in 1796 agent for all of the Indian tribes south of the Ohio river, and held the office by successive appointments until his death at the Creek agency, June 6, 1816.-Poore's Directory.

SAMUEL JOHNSTON was born in Scotland in 1733, and immigrated, in early life, to Chowan county, North Carolina. He was a dele. gate to a State meeting in North Carolina in 1755, and its moderator; and was the chief magistrate in North Carolina between the time of the abdication of the last of the royal governors and the accession of the first State Governor. He was elected a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1782, and was president of the State Convention in 1788 to consider the Federal Constitution, which was then rejected. He was also the president of the convention in 1789, which ratified the Constitution. He was elected a Senator to the first Congress as a Federalist, serving from January 29, 1790, till March 2, 1793. He was appointed judge of the Superior Court of North Carolina in February, 1800, which position he resigned in November, 1803. He died near to Edenton, in North Carolina, in August, 1816.-Poore's Directory.

JAMES MONROE, of Virginia.-James Monroe, appointed by the Legislature, appeared as a Senator from Virginia, on December 6, 1790, William Grayson, a former Senator, having died. James Monroe was born in Westmoreland county, Virginia, on April 28, 1758. He received a liberal education, graduating at William and Mary College, in Virginia, in 1776. He joined the Revolutionary army as a cadet, became a captain, and participated in several engagements. He studied law under Thomas Jefferson. He was a member of the House of Representatives of Virginia in 1782, and a delegate, from

Virginia, to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 1786. He was a member of the United States Senate from 1790 to 1794; was min ́ister to France from May, 1794, to December, 1796; was Governor of Virginia from 1799 to 1802; was again minister to France from January till July, 1803; was minister to England in 1803, and to Spain in 1805. He returned home in 1808, and again became Governor of Virginia. He was Secretary of State of the United States from November, 1811, till March 3, 1817. He was elected and reelected President of the United States, serving from 4th March, 1817, till March 3, 1825. He retired to his own farm in Loudon county, Virginia, and resided there till 1831, when he removed to the city of New York, where he died on the 4th of July, 1831.-Poore's Directory.

JOSEPH STANTON.-Rhode Island did not adopt the United States Constitution until 1790, and was not represented in the Senate during the first and second sessions; but at the third session of the Senate, which was held at Philadelphia, Mr. Stanton and Mr. Foster, in December, 1790, appeared as Senators from that State. Joseph Stanton was born at Charleston, Rhode Island, in July, 1739. He served as second lieutenant in a Rhode Island regiment raised for the expedition to Canada in 1759; was a member of the General Assembly of Rhode Island from 1768 till 1774; was a member of the Committee of Safety in January, 1775, and was colonel of a Rhode Island regiment in 1776. He was a delegate to the State Convention of 1790, which in or about May, 1790, adopted the Federal Constitution. He was elected a United States Senator from Rhode Island as a Democrat, serving from the 15th of December, 1790, till March 3, 1793. He was elected a Representative to the Seventh Congress as a Democrat, and was elected to the Eighth Congress and to the Ninth, serving till March 3, 1807. He died at Charleston, Rhode Island.-Poore's Directory.

THEODORE FOSTER was born at Brookfield, Massachusetts, in April, 1752. He received a classical education, graduating at the Rhode Island college, (now Brown's university,) 1770, and again at Dartsmouth college, in New Hampshire, in 1786. He studied law, and commenced practice at Providence, Rhode Island. He was a member of the House of Representatives of Rhode Island from 1776 to 1782; was appointed a judge of the admiralty court in May, 1785, and was elected a United States Senator from Rhode Island, serving from December 17, 1790, till March 3, 1803. He was a member of the House of Representatives of Rhode Island from 1812 to 1816, and died at Providence January 13, 1828.-Poore's Directory.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Notices of other persons not members of the first Senate, but who were distinguished either in the civil or military service in the course of the Revolution.

SAMUEL ADAMS.-Jefferson wrote, in 1819, of Samuel Adams: I can say that Samuel Adams was truly a great man; wise in council, fertile in resources, immovable in his purposes, and had, I think, a greater share than any other member in advising and directing our measures in the Northern war. As a speaker he could not be compared with his living colleague and namesake, whose deep conceptions, nervous style, and undaunted firmness, made him truly our bulwark in debate. But Mr. Samuel Adams, although not of fluent elocution, was so vigorously logical, so clear in his views, abundant in good sense, and master always of his subject, that he commanded the most profound attention whenever he rose in an assembly, by which the froth of declamation was heard with the most profound contempt.-Randall's Jefferson, vol. 1, page 182.

And according to Mr. Trist's memoirs, Jefferson, on another occasion, remarked: "If there was any Palinurus to the Revolution, Samuel Adams was the man. Indeed, in the Eastern States, for a year or two after it began, he was truly the Man of the Revolution. He was constantly holding caucuses of distinguished men, (among whom was R. H. Lee,) at which the generality of the measures pursued were previously determined on, and at which the parts were assigned to the different actors, who afterwards appeared in them. John Adams had very little part in these caucuses; but as one of the actors in the measures decided on in them, he was a Colossus."Randall, 182.

Galloway afterwards wrote: "Samuel Adams eats little, sleeps little, thinks much, and is most indefatigable in the pursuit of his object. It was this man who, by superior application, managed at once the factions in Congress at Philadelphia, and the factions of New England."-Galloway, vol. 4, p. 356, quoted in 4th Grahame's History U. S., p. 389.

Samuel Adams was of common size, of muscular form, light-blue

eyes, light complexion, and erect in person. He wore a tie wig, cocked hat, and red cloak. His manner was very serious. At the close of his life, and probably from early times, he had a tremulous motion of the head, which probably added to the solemnity of his eloquence, as this was, in some measure, associated with his voice. He was in favor of adopting the Federal Constitution, but became an opponent to the administration. Though he and Hancock were the only two men excepted in the British proclamation of amnesty, they were, at one time, on very ill terms with each other from diferences of opinion. He died in 1803.-Sullivan, 142-3.

Samuel Adams died in 1803, aged seventy. He was a poor man at his death. He left scarcely property enough to pay the expenses of his funeral.-Hawthorn, 241, Grandfather's Chair.

JAMES MADISON.-Mr. Madison was a man of small stature and grave appearance. At the close of his presidency he seemed to be a care-worn man, and seemed, by his face, to have attained to a more advanced age than was the fact. He had a calm expression, a penetrating blue eye, and looked like a thinking man. He was dressed in black, was bald on the top of his head, powdered, of rather protuberant person in front, small lower limbs, slow and deliberate in speech. Mr. Madison was a warm advocate for the Union, and the associate of Jay and Hamilton in the effort to make it acceptable to the public. But he early became an opponent of the administration, and closely allied to Mr. Jefferson.-Sullivan, 140.

There was much opposition in Virginia, as well as in New York, to the Federal Constitution without the amendments proposed in their several conventions. This opposition was strongly manifested in Virginia in the choice of the first Senators. Mr. Madison, who had been instrumental in its formation and adoption, was a candidate for the Senate, but was defeated. Richard Henry Lee and William Grayson were elected. Mr. Grayson, with Patrick Henry and others, had opposed its ratification without amendments.-Pitkin, 332-375. Mr. Madison is thus described by Fisher Ames, in a letter dated May 3, 1789 (See Ames' Works, 1, 35–6.)

Madison is a man of sense, reading, address and integrity-as 'tis allowed, very much Frenchified in his politics. He speaks low, his person is little and ordinary. He speaks decently as to manner, and no more. His language is very pure, perspicuous and to the point. Pardon me, if I add, I think him too much of a book politician, and too timid in his politics, for prudence and caution are opposites of timidity. He is not a little of a Virginian, and thinks that State the land of promise; but is afraid of their State politics, and

of his popularity there, more than, I think, he should be. He is our first man.

*

In a subsequent letter, dated May 18, 1789, he remarks further: Madison is cool and has an air of reflection which is not very distant from gravity and self-sufficiency. In speaking he never relaxes into pleasantry, and discovers little of that warmth of heart which gives efficacy to George Cabot's reasoning, and to Lowell's. His printed speeches are more faithful than any other person's, because he speaks very slow, and his discourse is strongly marked. He states a principle and deduces consequences with clearness and simplicity. Sometimes declamation is mingled with argument, and he appears very anxious to carry a point by other means than addressing the understanding. He appeals to popular topics and to the pride of the House-such as, that they have voted before and will be consistent. I think him a good man and an able man, but he has rather too much theory, and wants that discretion which men of business commonly have. He is also very timid, and seems evidently to want manly firmness and energy of character.-Ames' Works, vol. 1, 41-42.

GENERAL HENRY KNOX.-General Knox was a bookseller and bookbinder at Boston, when the war began, at which time he was twenty-five years of age. He had been a captain of a grenadier company, and was a volunteer at the battle of Bunker Hill. He met Washington at Cambridge, in 1776, and was immediately made chief of artillery, in which relation he continued during the war, and always near headquarters. He served throughout the war, and left the service with the rank of Major General. He was nominated for the War Department by General Washington on the 11th of September, 1789. When he resigned that office at the close of the year 1794, he removed to Boston, and for some years resided there. He was a large man, above middle stature; his lower limbs inclined a little outward, as though they had taken a form from the long continued use of the saddle. His hair was short in front, standing up, powdered and queued. His forehead was low; his face large and full below; his eyes rather small, gray and brilliant. The expression of his face altogether, was a very fine one. When moving along the street he had an air of grandeur and complacency. He carried a large cane, not to aid his steps, but usually under his arm, and sometimes, when he happened to stop and engage in conversation with his accustomed ardor, his cane was used to flourish with in aid of his eloquence. He was usually dressed in black. In the summer he commonly carried his light silk hat in his hand when walking in the shade. His left hand had been mutilated, and a part of it was