Note as to the Claim from Sea to Sea.

Massachusetts was not the only Province or State which claimed such an extreme boundary. Connecticut, or a portion of its citizens, claimed under it a part of the upper portion of Pennsylvania under a similar provision in its charter, and Virginia also claimed extension to the western sea. The land beyond the Mississippi did not belong to the English Government, and where the western sea was, was not known in England at the dates of these charters. Some of Chaplain's men in the early part of the last century, who had been a few days' march west from Quebec, reported that they had seen it from a high mountain. In or about the year 1607 when the company were soliciting a charter for Virginia, it designed a search for the western sea, and had a barge constructed, which, for convenience, might be taken to pieces. Captain Newport, who was afterwards Deputy Governor, was instructed to ascend the James river in Virginia as far as the falls thereof; and then, carrying the barge beyond the falls, he was to proceed to the South sea; and he was ordered not to return without a lump of gold, or a certainty of the said sea. John Smith, the pioneer of Virginia, advised against the expedition; but Captain Newport set off with 120 men, and went about forty miles above the falls of the James river, and then returned without having dug a lump of gold or having seen the western sea, more than 2,000 miles away.-See Paine's Essay Public Good, p. 282-3; also 1 Bancroft, 129.-Editor.

AS TO OTHER MEMBERS OF THE FIRST SENATE.

JOHN LANGDON. He was educated for mercantile pursuits. He was one of the party who removed the powder and military stores from Fort William and Mary in 1774. In 1775-6 he was a delegate to Congress. In 1783 he was again elected. In November, 1788, he was elected a member of the United States Senate. From 1805

to 1808, and in 1810 and 1811, he was Governor of New Hampshire. He died in August, 1819, aged seventy-eight.-Blake.

PAINE WINGATE was born in Stratham, in New Hampshire, May 14, 1739, and graduated at Harvard college in 1759. He was a clergyman for several years; but in 1789 was a Senator in Congress, and probably was the last surviving member of that body. In 1798 he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire and held this office until 1809, being then seventy years of age. For many years he was the oldest graduate of Harvard college. He died in 1838, aged ninety-nine years. He was highly esteemed by his contemporaries.-Blake.

CALEB STRONG.-When Thomas Jefferson first became President, Caleb Strong was Governor of Massachusetts. He was born in Northampton in 1744; educated at Harvard University; by profession a lawyer; and was actively engaged in the first scenes of the Revolution. As early as 1775, when he was only thirty-one years of age, he was a member of the committee of public safety. He was in public service during the whole of revolutionary times; a member of the convention which framed the Federal Constitution and of that which adopted it in his native State. He was a Senator in Congress from 1789 to 1797; Governor of Massachusetts from 1800 to 1807; and again elected in 1812, and continued in that office during the war. He refused to give up the militia called for at the beginning of the war, because, in his opinion, the call was not warranted by the Constitution. In this opinion he was sustained by that of the Supreme Judicial Court.

Governor Strong was a tall man, of moderate fulness, of rather

long visage, dark complexion and blue eyes. He wore his hair loose, combed over his forehead, and slightly powdered. He had nothing of the polish of cities in his demeanor, but a gentle complaisance and kindness. He was a man of strong mind, calm, cool judgment, and of purest character throughout his life. He died in November, 1819, aged seventy-four years.-Sullivan.

TRISTRAM DALTON was born at Newburyport, Massachusetts, in 1738, and graduated at Harvard in 1755. He was Speaker of the House of Representatives of Massachusetts, and a member of the Senate. Afterwards a member of the United States Senate. He was subsequently appointed surveyor of the ports of Boston and Charleston, which office he held until his death in 1817. He was noted for gentleness and elegance of manners—for mental cultivation and integrity.—Blake.

OLIVER ELLSWORTH graduated at Princeton in 1766. In 1777 he was chosen a delegate in Congress. In 1784 he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts. In 1787 he was a member of the convention which framed the Federal Constitution, and was afterwards a member of the State convention and favored its ratification by that State. In 1789 he was a member of the United States Senate. In 1796 he was appointed by Washington Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; but, on account of ill health he resigned the office in 1800. In 1799 he was appointed by President Adams envoy extraordinary to France to negotiate a treaty. He died in 1807, aged sixty-five.--Ben Perley Poore.

WILLIAM SAMUEL JOHNSON graduated at Yale in 1744. He studied law, and in 1765 he was a delegate to the Congress which met at New York; and in 1766 an agent of Connecticut in England. While there he formed acquaintance with eminent men, and for years was a correspondent of Doctor Johnson. He returned in 1771, and in 1772 he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut, which office he relinquished in 1774. In 1785 he was a delegate to Congress, and in 1787 a member of the convention which framed the Federal Constitution. He was one of the first Senators in Congress from Connecticut, and it is said assisted Mr. Ellsworth in drawing the judiciary bill. From 1792 till 1800, he was the president of Columbia college; after which period he resided in his native village until his death in 1819, aged ninety-two.— Blake.

RUFUS KING was graduated at Harvard college in 1777 and was admitted to the bar in 1780. In 1784 he was a delegate from Massachusetts in Congress, and whilst there, in March 1785, he brought forward and advocated the passage of the resolution by which slavery was prohibited in the territory northwest of the Ohio. In 1787 he was a member of the convention which framed the Constitution of the United States and bore a considerable part in its formation, and was one of the committee to report a final draft of it. In 1788 he removed to New York, and in 1789 he and General Schuyler were elected Senators to the first Senate. In 1796 he was appointed by President Washington minister to England, but returned in 1803. In 1813 he was elected by the Democrats of New York to the United States Senate. In 1825 he was again appointed minister to England, but was prevented by disease contracted during his sage from the active discharge of his duties. He remained abroad about a year, when he returned. As an orator he was rather distinguished in Congress. In person he was above the middle size. His countenance was manly and denoted intelligence of a high order. He died in 1827 aged seventy-two.-Blake and National Portrait Gallery, and Biographica Americana.

As to Mr. King, Mr. Sullivan wrote: Rufus King, at this time, was about thirty-three years of age. He was an uncommonly handsome man in face and form, and he had a powerful mind, well cultivated, and was a dignified and graceful speaker. He had the appearance of one who was a gentleman by nature, and who had well improved all her gifts. It is a rare occurrence to see a finer assemblage of personal and intellectual qualities, cultivated to the best effect, than were seen in this gentleman.-See Vol. III of the National Portrait Gallery.

PHILIP SCHUYLER was a Major General in the American army during the Revolution, to which office he was appointed in 1775, and was despatched to the fortifications in the north of New York for the purpose of preparing for an invasion of Canada. His health became impaired and the command devolved upon General Montgomery. After his recovery he was employed in directing the military operations in that section; and on the approach of Burgoyne, in 1777, he made efforts to obstruct his progress. In consequence of the evacuation of Ticonderoga by General St. Clair, he became unreasonably suspected and was superseded in the chief command by General Gates. He subsequently rendered important services in the operations at New York, though not in command. He was a member of Congress previous to the formation of the Federal Constitu

tion, and afterwards twice a Senator. He died at Albany in 1804, in his seventy-third year. He possessed a mind of great vigor and enterprise, and was characterized by integrity and amiability.— Blake.

WILLIAM PATERSON. He graduated at Princeton in 1763 in the same class with Tapping Reeve. He was Attorney General of New Jersey from 1776 to 1786. He was a member of the convetion which framed the Federal Constitution. In 1789 he was chosen a Senator of the United States, but resigned in 1790. In 1791 he was elected Governor of New Jersey, and held the office for two years. In 1793 he was appointed a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, which position he held until his death. He died September 9, 1806, aged sixty-four years.-Blake.

PHILEMON DICKINSON.-Mr. Dickinson was born near to Dover, Delaware, in 1739. He was an officer in the Revolutionary army, and commanded the New Jersey militia in the battle of Monmouth. He was elected a Senator of the United States from New Jersey in place of William Paterson, appointed judge, and served from December 6, 1790, till March, 1793. He died in February, 1809.Blake.

JONATHAN ELMER.-Dr. Jonathan Elmer and Judge Paterson were the Senators from New Jersey in the first Senate of the United States. In a notice by William Maclay in his Journal, under date of September 3, 1789, Dr. Elmer is quite favorably spoken of. Dr. Elmer was born in Cumberland county, New Jersey, in November, 1745. He studied medicine and practiced extensively in Jersey, and it is said was regarded by Dr. Rush as a distinguished physician. He was, during the Revolution, an ardent Whig, and in the year 1774 approved of the destruction of the tea which had been stored at Greenwich in Jersey. He held various offices in that State, and in November, 1776, he was chosen by the Legislature of that State a member of the General Congress, in which body he served for several years, and for a while in conjunction with Richard Stockton and Dr. Witherspoon. After the adoption of the Constitution of the United States he was, as a Federalist, chosen a member of the first Senate, in which he drew the shorter term of two years, which expired on the 4th of March, 1791.

He did not confine his studies to the science of medicine, but also directed his attention to the law, and he became a judge of the court of common pleas. Whilst acting in that capacity he, as he alleged,