THE

UNITED STATES

OF

AMERICA;

THEIR HISTORY FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD;

THEIR INDUSTRY, COMMERCE, BANKING TRANSACTIONS, AND
NATIONAL WORKS; THEIR INSTITUTIONS AND CHARACTER,
POLITICAL, SOCIAL, AND LITERARY ;

WITH

A SURVEY OF THE TERRITORY, AND REMARKS ON THE PROSPECTS
AND PLANS OF EMIGRANTS.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE NATURAL HISTORY,
BY JAMES NICOL.

PORTRAITS AND OTHER ENGRAVINGS BY JACKSON.

IN THREE VOLUMES.

VOL. II.

EDINBURGH:

OLIVER & BOYD, TWEEDDALE COURT;

AND SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO., LONDON.
MDCCCXLIV.

-4383-124

Printed by Oliver & Boyd,

Tweeddale Court, High Street, Edinburgh.

REVOLUTION, FROM THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE TO THE

ALLIANCE WITH FRANCE.

General Causes of the Rupture-State of Parties in Britain

and America-Washington's Preparations - Landing of Howe

-Battle of Brooklyn-British enter New York-Retreat of

the Americans -Howe occupies New Jersey - Advantages

gained by Washington-Charges against the British Army

unfounded-Plans of new Campaign-Movements of Howe

-His landing in the Chesapeake Battle of Brandywine-

British in Philadelphia-Battle of Germantown-Washing-

ton at Valleyforge-Views and Prospects of the British

Commander-Expedition of Burgoyne-Its Design-First

Success-Difficulties-Battle of Bennington-Disaster of St

Leger-Various Actions-Clinton's Expedition from New

York-Burgoyne's Surrender-Effects of the Intelligence in

England-Speech of Lord Chatham-Negotiations of Ame-

rica with France-Aid received from her-She concludes a

Treaty of Alliance,............
.. Page 9

CHAPTER II.

REVOLUTION, FROM THE ALLIANCE WITH FRANCE TO THE PEACE

IN 1783.

War between Britain and France-Distresses of Washington

-British Commissioners to treat for Peace-Their Reception

-Evacuation of Philadelphia-Repulse of the Americans—

French Naval Operations-Advantages gained by the Bri-

tish Indian War in the West-Plans of Campaign-Dis-

tress of the Americans-Spain joins their Cause-Various

Naval and Military Operations-Defeat of Lincoln-Siege

of Savannah-Raised-Siege of Charleston-Surrender-

British overrun the Carolinas-Defeat of Gates, and Death

of Ferguson-Return of Cornwallis-Greene succeeds to

the Command-Battle of Cowpens-Retreat of the Ame-

ricans They return-Battle of Guildford--Cornwallis re-

tires to Wilmington-Greene invades South Carolina-

Cornwallis marches into Virginia-Battle of Camden-Suc-

cesses of the American Parties-Repulsed at Ninety-six-

Rawdon falls back-Battle of Eutaw-Causes of British

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