"What Future for Japan?": U.S. Wartime Planning for the Postwar Era, 1942-1945Within a few months after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States government began to plan a policy for a defeated Japan. In order to avoid any future attacks on the United States, Japanese society had to be changed. Politicians, Japan specialists, historians, political scientists, and anthropologists debated the future of Japan. Topics ranged from the future role of the Emperor and politics, to Japanese economy, to re-education of the Japanese people. Eventually an overall policy for postwar Japan was formulated, which was to a high degree executed by General Douglas MacArthur during the Occupation of Japan. This study is based on research in the records of the government policy planners, both private papers and official records. It is the first book-length study of the American planning for the occupation of Japan, including the drafting of policy, not only in the State Department but also in the War Department, Office of Strategic Services, and the Office of War Information. The analysis focuses on the development of strategies for remodeling postwar Japan as well as on the meaning of Japan constructed by various planners and decision makers and the impact of their constructions on American Occupation policy. |
Contents
| 4 | |
| 8 | |
| 10 | |
| 20 | |
| 27 | |
Initial American Reactions To The War With Japan | 35 |
The Images of Japan | 44 |
The Japanese As An Enemy Race | 51 |
Policies And The Image Of Japan | 227 |
FROM ROOSEVELT TO TRUMAN | 252 |
The Committee Of Three | 271 |
Operation Downfall | 279 |
Openings To Japan | 286 |
Shatterer Of Worlds | 310 |
Policies And The Image Of Japan | 322 |
Formulating The Initial PostSurrender Policy For Japan | 348 |
Roosevelts Images Of Japan And His Policy ideas | 59 |
Japan Specialists In The War And Navy Departments Office | 73 |
The Favorite Literature Of American Japan Specialists | 82 |
Japan Images In The Favorite Literature Of Japan | 117 |
TERRITORIAL SUBCOMMITTEE | 119 |
JAPAN IN THE WAR AND NAVY | 147 |
Educated To Deal With The Japanese | 153 |
The Japan Image As A Result Of The Fighting | 164 |
Policies And The Image Of Japan | 176 |
The Office Of War Information | 186 |
Common terms and phrases
Advisory Allies American government anthropologists Army atomic bomb Ballantine basic Blakeslee Byas Byrnes China Civil Affairs Committee Cordell Hull culture democratic Department Dickover Diplomatic discussion Division Dooman draft economic Embree Emperor Fearey Folder forces Foreign Relations Forrestal Gorer Grew Hirohito Hornbeck Hugh Borton Hull Ibid ideas images of Japan Imperial institution industry issue Japan experts Japan specialists Japanese government Japanese politics Japanese society Joseph Grew MacArthur McCloy microfiche militarists military government Morgenthau Morgenthau Plan National Archives Navy Occupation of Japan Occupied Japan Office Pacific Papers peace policies for Japan policy makers policy planners postwar Japan Potsdam Declaration President problems public opinion reform reparations role Roosevelt Ruth Benedict Sansom SCAP Secretary Soviet Union statement Stimson Supreme Commander surrender of Japan SWNCC SWNCCFE Tokyo Tolischus Truman U.S. Planning Documents unconditional surrender United Nations wanted War Department Washington wrote York zaibatsu
Popular passages
Page 8 - ... the betterment of world-wide economic relations. To that end, they shall include provision for agreed action by the United States of America and the United Kingdom, open to participation by all other countries of like mind, directed to the expansion, by appropriate international and domestic measures, of production, employment, and the exchange and consumption of goods, which are the material foundations of the liberty and welfare of all peoples; to the elimination of all forms of discriminatory...
Page 9 - It is their purpose that Japan shall be stripped of all the islands in the Pacific which she has seized or occupied since the beginning of the first world war in 1914, and that all the territories that Japan has stolen from the Chinese, such as Manchuria, Formosa, and the Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China.
Page 8 - Fourth, they will endeavor, with due respect for their existing obligations, to further the enjoyment by all States, great or small, victor or vanquished, of access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world which are needed for their economic prosperity...
