ter reaps all the fruit? But let him be sure of receiving and retaining a fair remuneration, and all experience proves that he will labor as cheerfully as others. But if not, who has a right to compel him? Are all men to be forced to labor who will not labor of their own accord ? Then the rule will apply to the white man as well as to the black. Then all whose limited wants or acquired property enable them to subsist with little or no toil, are to be compelled as slaves to do for others what they have no incentive to do for themselves! If some of you save money enough to give up work, on this principle you must be compelled to work on! If you can provide for all your wants by working six hours a day, you must be compelled, for the benefit of others, to work twelve! See how these doctrines of slavery threaten the laborer all over the world!

They say the mind of the negro cannot be raised to the level of the white man. But the negro slave is allowed no opportunity of mental improvement. It is a crime in the eye of the law to teach him to read or write! If his mind were so very weak, would there be such fear lest by education he should become unfit for slavery? It is false. Many negroes are far more intelligent than many whites. The slaves in the South, nobly patient, are far superior morally to the masters who oppress, rob and torture them. But if not, does mental superiority give a claim to hold others in bondage? Then the aristocracy in all lands, whose wealth and leisure enable them to at

tain a higher mental cultivation, have a right to enslave the masses of the people. See how your interests are involved in this question!

Mr. Ludlow, in his "Sketch of the United States," which has been very useful to me in preparing this lecture, says "The safety of the world demands that these dangerous monomaniacs, however estimable they may be in private life, should be put down, and the sooner the better. Why, you may ask me, for the interests of the world? Because the principles put forth threaten the freedom of the working classes throughout the world. Listen to Mr. Cobb :-" There is, perhaps, no solution of the great problem of reconciling the interests of the labor and capital, so as to protect each from the encroachments and oppressions of the other, so simple and effective as negro slavery. By making the laborer himself capital, the conflict ceases, and the interests become identical." Is there a working man here, or anywhere, whose freedom is not involved by such a doctrine? Are you prepared to be made "capital" that the problem of reconciling labor and capital be solved? Is it not your cause, then, that the North is fighting at this moment? No, it is not a war between black and white which is being waged beyond the Atlantic, it is the war, the worldold war between freedom and tyranny, between God and the devil. For the sake of all mankind, once more, these dangerous Southern lunatics must be put down.

They are called lunatics in this passage because many

of them seem to have persuaded themselves that their cause is that of humanity and God! The slave owner of the present day maintains that slavery is commanded by the Bible, and is ready to declare with ex-governor Hammond, of South Carolina, that slavery is an Eden, and that Satan enters it "in the shape of an Abolitionist."

Before, then, you express sympathy with the South, ponder carefully for what it is that, with lunatic frenzy, they are now in arms. They are fighting for the right to regard a fellow human creature as a mere chattel-to appropriate all the produce of his labor-to deny him education-to punish any who tries to teach him—to buy and sell him-to separate husband from wife, parent from child to deny the marriage relation altogetherto accept no evidence from a negro in a court of justice -to punish and torture him at will-to insult woman's honor without redress-for this the South is fighting. They are fighting for the privilege of perpetrating unchecked, all the cruelties which characterize their system, and which were never more generally practised than at present. Mr. Olmstead, in his work on "Slavery in the South," says that he was told that rich men bid for the overseer who can make the most cotton, and never ask how many niggers they kill. An overseer, superior to most of his class, said to him, "Why, sir, I would not mind killing a nigger more than I would a dog." In the South, when a negro commits an offence for which the

law would punish him, cases sometimes happen when the whites, anticipating the law, roast him to death before a slow fire.

On behalf of such a cause, shall any sympathy be felt in the land of Clarkson, and Wilberforce, and Buxtonin the land every pebble, every grain of sand of whose shore testifies its abhorrence of slavery in the fact that the moment the captive touches it he is free? We never can wish to recognize a government whose programme to the world, whose motto and banner, whose purpose and boast, is the upholding of a system which turns earth into hell wherever it prevails. Our recognition of belligerent rights was merely admitting the fact of war, a step required for the maintenance of perfect neutrality. Both North and South misjudged us if they inferred from it more than this. It is well that Mr. Gladstone has explained that his hasty statement that Jefferson Davis had made a great nation, meant merely his private opinion that the South would never be re-united to the North. Not even his high character and commanding eloquence would win assent from the people, were he to urge the recognition of the slave-confederacy by our country. The nobly patient workmen of Lancashire and Yorkshire will starve rather than utter a word in favor of slavery. The workmen of England will universally advocate the cause of the workmen in America-and as their sympathies have unmistakeably been manifested in favor of Hungary, Venice and Rome, so they will not refuse their

compassion for the negro slave, far more cruelly oppressed. They who have exulted at the achievements of Garibaldi and the liberation of Sicily from the yoke of the Bourbon, will not grudge their shout of encouragement to those who on many a bloody field are striving to put down the most terrible conspiracy against freedom the world has ever witnessed.

America is now undergoing severe discipline. It is not my habit to link suffering with sin, and trace a divine judgment in every calamity. But we must be blind if we do not see how, by the operation of natural causes, God is punishing, chiefly the South as the perpetrator of the wickedness, but also the North for long and guilty connivance. There has been wicked compromise. To uphold a constitution of man's devising God's laws have been set at naught. Slavery has been sanctioned and guaranteed in order to preserve the Union, and now by that very slavery the Union is now broken up. There must be no compromise in duty. This is the lesson sternly taught by the war. But let England sympathize with and pray for America. our brethren and kinsmen. They read the same Bible, and sing the same hymns, and reverence the same holy and heroic names. Their forefathers lie buried in our ancient church-yards. Multitudes among them are British-born. Many have but recently exchanged an English for an American home. Their missionaries with our own, go forth throughout the world to preach the gospel of

They beyond the sea are