Philosophy separates itself from Theology, and attempts a

reasoned explanation of cosmical phenomena.

I. Thales

II. Anaximenes

III. Diogenes of Apollonia

CHAPTER I.

CHAPTER II.

THE MATHEMATICIANS.

I. Anaximander of Miletus

II. Pythagoras

III. Philosophy of Pythagoras

Translated passages from Aristotle's Metaphysics

The failure of Cosmological speculations directs the efforts of Philo-

sophy to the psychological problems of the origin and limits

of Knowledge.

I. Heraclitus.

II. Anaxagoras

III. Empedocles

IV. Democritus.

Summary of the two first Epochs

THIRD EPOCH.

The first crisis. The insufficiency of Philosophy to solve the

problem of Existence and to establish a basis of certitude

produces a sceptical indifference.

Philosophy emerges from the crisis by a new development of

Method-the application of Dialectics as a negative process

preparatory to the positive foundation of Inductive inquiry.

I. The Life of Socrates .

II. Philosophy of Socrates

SOCRATES.

PAGE

39

44

50

58

66

74

86

96

104

106

120

127

153

FIFTH EPOCH.

Development of Ethics consequent on the Socratic circumscription of the aims of Philosophy.

Restoration of Philosophy to its widest Aims-Attempts to follow up the Negative Dialectics of Socrates with an affirmative solution of the chief problems-The necessity for a Criterion of Philosophy becomes for the first time distinctly recognised -The answer to this question gives a logical basis to the Subjective Method.

Life of Plato

CHAPTER I.

187

196

CHAPTER II.

Plato's Writings: their Authenticity, Character, and Object