Unguarded Gates: A History of America's Immigration Crisis

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Rowman & Littlefield, 2004 - History - 242 pages
Throughout America's history immigration policy has always been a controversial and complex topic, going to the heart of what it means to be American. Now, with terrorism as a new concern, Americans have begun to look closer at the effects of rising immigration and porous borders. In this cogently-argued work, immigration scholar Otis L. Graham, Jr. examines the history of immigration pressures and American policy debates and choices. He begins with the first "Great Wave" of the 1880s and traces the effects of the system of national origins, enforced from the 1920s through 1965. The reforms of the 1960s ushered in an era of large-scale legal and illegal immigration, resulting in a vast social experiment in demographic transformation. In assessing the past, present, and future of immigration, Graham shows that the failure to control the influx of foreigners is leading America toward further security risks, unsustainable population growth, imported worker competition with American labor, and, ultimately, social fragmentation.

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Contents

Nation of the Native Born Unready for the Great Wave
3
Immigration Reform Beginnings of National Policy
9
Great Wave and the Search for National Policy
15
Labeling of Reformers
27
In Search of National Immigration Policy
37
Reform Comes New System for Choosing and Limiting Americas Immigrants
41
Immigration Restriction Results and Reflections
57
Reform of the Reform? GateWidening Counterattack Quietly Begins
67
Illegal Immigration Peaceful Invasion and Policy Ineptitude
103
Case for Restriction Economics
111
Case for Restriction Concern over National Cohesion
117
Case for Restriction Immigrations PopulationEnvironment Connection
135
Politics of Immigration The 1990s
153
September 11 A Turning Point?
165
Our Mass Immigration Era How Can This Be?
179
Dogmas of the Past
197

Forties and Fifties Regulated Immigration Popular and under Global Pressure
71
Immigration Reform Again Road to the 1965 Immigration Act
87
Mass Immigration Builds Momentum Refugees Unlimited
99
Notes
205
Index
239
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About the author (2004)

Otis L. Graham, Jr. is professor of history, emeritus, at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is the author or editor of over 15 books, including Debating American Immigration, 1882-Present (with Roger Daniels) and Environmental Politics and Policy, 1960s to 1990s. He lives in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

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