The colonization on this continent of the Orientals is a serious national and inter-national question. The Orientals comprise a population of five hundred millions of peoples, a population three times that of both North America and South America. These peoples are more virile than the American or Mexican; and now in some villages, towns, and cities on the West Coast of Mexico monopolize certain occupations, degrade the Mexicans to the low standard of Oriental living and a still lower standard of morals. At various periods in history Egypt, Greece, Rome, England, Ireland and other nations respectively, highly advanced in the arts and sciences, have been over-run, and the identity of the race then and there existing practically lost in the commingling of the races which followed. If England, Japan and Mexico should go together, and in consequence there be an end to the United States, there must follow such Oriental colonization, wide-spread conditions such as now exist on the West Coast, and a new and inferior civilization throughout Mexico. As suggested by Señor Calderon of Peru, who seems not in accord with General Huerta, in case of an invasion from the Orient it may happen that the United States under the new doctrine of Pan-Americanism will be called on to assist in solving the problem of life for all our Southern Republics.

In an address on "Co-education of Races" that I delivered nearly thirty years ago at Washington before a National Association, consisting of the world's most renowned educators, I said: "In the United States of the Mongolian race there are but few Japanese. This

element is so small a factor in our educating influences that I shall pass it over without special comment. There are at least one hundred and fifty thousand Chinese on the Pacific Coast. The best that can be said of the Chinese is that they are industrious, but so is the weavel that destroys our wheat and the army worm that cuts down our oatfields. I can conceive that some day in the centuries to come the other races may become homogenous, assimilated, not necessarily through inter-marrying but may grow to have like tastes, like interests, a common aim and a common political destiny; but I can conceive of no such future for the Chinese in America. To this land of the free they come as serfs; in serfdom they remain. Into this Christian civilization they make entrance; with all their heathenish rites they make exit, returning to their idols in the land of their birth; - theirs is a crusade solely to glean golden shekels, yet the soil on which they glean, although made sacred by the tears and blood of our fathers, is polution even to the bones of their dead."

Instead of one hundred and fifty thousand Orientals as in the United States in 1885, there are now on the Western Coast seven hundred thousand Orientals, principally Japanese. Human nature of whatsoever races, through the centuries, does not change. The end to be obtained in the incorporation of millions of peoples into one nation is not only the happiness of its own peoples but it is also to dominate other peoples. Like conditions produce like results; history must repeat itself. Confucius, the great Chinese philosopher, said that if you would

divine the future you must study the past. He who would be the fortune teller of the Americas must study the history of Northern Africa, Greece, Rome, Spain, Northern Europe and the British Isles. In the amalgamation of the races, the history of the nations of all Europe for two thousand years will repeat itself in the history of all America. Here, as has been there, physical prowess will assert itself and in the end dominate. I can see with a prophetic eye for this continent an amalgamation of the millions of our peoples with the millions of the Orientals, the virile Orientals in the ascendency, a new and intermixed-degraded civilization,- how distant that day will be must depend upon the joint policy of these two republics and the other countries of this western hemisphere.

As residents of one great commonwealth, under two flags but having a common interest in the highest degree, let us concede that the greatest economic problem in the two republics is that pertaining to the landed estates, and to which President Wilson referred in his instructions given to our American delegates at the Niagara Peace Conference. The landed estates are a menace to the free institutions in Mexico, but possibly no greater menace than are the landed estates a menace to this country. Published in the Technical World of January, 1909, were, among other similar facts, the following: that the United States Congress had given to corporations 266,000,000 acres of land; that the Arkansas Land Company owned 1,200,000 acres; the Perry Land Company, 1,200,000 acres; Miller and Lux, 14,400,000 acres; one hundred men in the Sacramento Valley, 17,000,000 acres; Colonel

D. C. Murphy, 4,000,000 acres; Frederick Weyerhaeuser, 30,000,000 acres; Mrs. Virginia Anne King of Texas owned a stretch of country extending fifty miles from the front porch of her home to the front gate of her door yard; the United States Leather Company owned 500,000 acres of hemlock timber land; the Standard Oil Company, 1,000,000 acres of valuable oil land; and that previous to that time, covering a period of twenty-five and a half years, one of the stockholders of said company had received in dividends from said, and other, holdings the enormous amount of $929,000,000.

"Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey,

Where wealth accumulates, and men decay."

Greece and Rome flourished only when their farming communities flourished. Then not millions of acres were the titled possessions of one man but six acres was enough land for the average Roman. Where the land wealth is the monopoly of the few, there "Laws grind the poor and the rich man rules the law." In feudal days throughout Europe, where land titles were not secure to the peasantry, personal property for security was buried, and treasure-trove became a source of wealth to the avaricious rulers. At the present time similar is the condition in unprogressive Hindostan and Turkey. Under the progressive methods of Ireland, Australia and New Zealand public opinion has compelled the landlord to subdivide his holdings in the interest of the peasantry, and the results are marvelous prosperity. In Mexico land monopoly is the complaint of the millions of the landless and, through public opinion, through open bloody revolt and

by reason of the consequences attending, the landlord is in exile from his own country. In the United States are the secret whisperings of the protest of the millions, and these whisperings as to land monopoly portend a fate for this country even worse than that which has befallen unhappy Mexico.

"Wealth is crime enough for him that's poor," but land is the basis of the means of existence, and "You take my life when you do take the means whereby I live." The land problem must be solved in Mexico, and must be solved by the Mexican people themselves, not by foreign dictation. Through any interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine by any American statesman since Monroe wrote his world-famed message to Congress, through any writ ten or unwritten law or precedent, I question the authority of the President to assume to withhold his recognition of a foreign government, "which did not undertake a thorough land reform." Had it not been for the attitude of the President,-insisting on a "thorough land reform"; insisting on Mexico accepting his model of a "Constitutional Government"; insisting on the elimination of Huerta with the threat to lift the embargo on arms from the north, there would have been a final adjudication of the Mexican troubles at the Peace Conference, which originated at Los Angeles and concluded at Niagara.

Ignorance of the conditions existing in Mexico on the part of our American people, and this includes many in high official positions, is as marked as is the ignorance of the conditions existing in Egypt or in Patagonia. Refusing the counsels of the American residents in Mexico, the information on which even the government acts comes