the support of McClellan from the West and of Patterson from the North. It was a fatal departure from the anaconda policy which he had previously been pursuing. The consequence is the backbone of the serpent is broken. The advance of McClellan's column in Western Virginia is rendered inconsequential, and if it advance far into the mountains its destruction is inevitable; while Butler at Fort Monroe is constrained to moderate his exorbitant military ambition to the humble office of performing garrison duty. were but striplings; on the 21st thousands of them were heroes; and another battle will find thousands of them hardy and invincible veterans. Nor need we fear that our Generals will fail us. Davis, Beauregard, Johnston-it cannot be said of them, to-morrow or the next day, that their spirit has abated and their vision dulled-that they have -hearts worn out with many wars, And eyes grown dim with gazing on the pilot stars. -New Orleans Della, July 28. THE MORAL OF MANASSAS. There is a danger we fear that the Southern mind, intoxicated with its exultations over the recent great victory of our arms at Manassas, may over-estimate the present advantago as well as the ultimate consequences of that brilliant achievement. Opinions differ here materially as to what will or should be the war policy of the Confederate Government after the Manassas victory. Many think that the victory should be instantly followed up by a dash upon Washington and a rush into Maryland. They say that we have forborne from the aggressive long enough to Certainly there can be no difference of opinconvince the most stupid and most deluded of ion as to its having proved a God-send to the the Northern people that we did not aim at cause of Southern independence and true conconquest; that we had no wish to destroy the stitutional liberty. It has greatly strengthened National Capital, or to overturn the Govern- the confidence of our people in the ability of ment which they were supporting, but that our their government to maintain itself, even at the only desire was to be let alone and to live un-point of the bayonet, against the marauding der a government of our own choice. It is legions of Hessian soldiery who have been pretime now, they think, to set about conquering cipitated by the enemy upon our sacred soil. a peace by carrying the war into the enemy's It has impaired the energies of the "old country, since it is evident we cannot secure wreck" of the Federal Government, and has peaco by scrupulously remaining within our so far annihilated the confidence of its subown. There are others, however, who argue jects in the final success of its boasted scheme that it is best to prove at once our forbearance of subjugation, as to work the most serious and our invincibility, by pausing after every vic- detriment to the national credit-which, actory and giving the enemy an opportunity to cording to the recent acknowledgment of a profit by the "sober second thought.' These congressman, has already failed. It has given last are for letting Washington alone, and ad- a prestige to the young republic of the South, vancing no further than the Potomac, from the just emerging, like Venus, in all the perfection belief that an attack upon the National Capital of her beauty, from the foaming sea of political and an invasion of territory beyond the limits convulsion, which will put to naught the vauntof the Confederate States would cause the same ing assertion of Northern superiority, and peruniversal outburst and uprising in the North as haps decide the question of foreign recognition was witnessed on the capture of Sumter. Such which now trembles in the hesitating balance views are plausible, but they are totally without held by the hands of European powers. In adpractical value. dition to these there may be even other, though less important results flowing from it. The North has explicitly, in word and act, challenged to a fight to the death, and forced us But to suppose that our independence is an to the deadly issue. It has shown no repent- accomplished fact, without other like desperate ance under frequent failures to overpower us struggles, is palpable absurdity, the entertainin battle; and much less has it exhibited mag- ment of which will prove a delusion and a nanimity under the encouragement of partial snare. It is true that the forces of the enemy, success. We must disable it from harm, or put outnumbering our own more than two to one, our power to do so beyond question, before it were utterly routed, and driven into a retreat will be ready either to tender or accept the styled by themselves both disgraceful and cowolive branch. The enemy's people, in my opin- ardly. But the defeat is not such as to turn ion, will be far from satisfied with their trial the reckless politicians, who manage this moveof strength on the 21st. They will impute the ment, from the attempted execution of their defeat to any thing but intrinsic superiority direful purpose. Their pride has been sorely in our army. They call Scott a dotard, wounded, and their passion of revenge stimuMcDowell an incapable, Patterson a coward, lated to the performance of new deeds of inand distributing the responsibility for the defeat famy. At any sacrifice of life or of the people's among the three, confidently predict a different money, they will rally their routed forces and result under the generalship of McClellan. Be attempt with still greater desperation to reit so. Let them bring their highest military trieve their lost fortunes. Relying upon the genius, their choicest soldierly prowess against brute force of mere numbers, the enemy are us, and we need have no misgivings of the final evidently determined to risk other engageevent. Yesterday thousands of our soldiersments, perhaps of greater magnitude, if for VOL. II.-Doc. 30 -Memphis Appeal, July 30. Doc. 1111. nothing else than the gratification of their | MUST FIGHT! I REPEAT IT, SIRS, WE MUST malignity, or the palliation of their disgrace FIGHT!" now so manifest to the eyes of foreign powers. The vast preparations that are now being made, and the great caution taken in the efficient organization of the army for the future, with the unceremonious dismissal of incompetents, are but a few of the indications to foreshadow their increased, yet fruitless determination. It may be that the half million of men voted Mr. Lincoln by his obsequious parliament may not all be obtained, and certain it is that the five hundred millions of money will come in very tardily, and at great sacrifices on the part of the Government, if at all. But it is quite as evident that men and money will be secured for the prosecution of this atrocious war, even though the one be obtained by drafting, and the other by direct taxation and forced loans. We may expect, and must be prepared to encounter, an army of at least four hundred thousand men, who will be gathered at various points upon the borders of our Confederacy, seeking to force an entrance with the bayonet in less than ninety days. Our preparations for the vast campaign, unequalled by any of modern times, and scarcely overshadowed by Bonaparte's into Russia, must be commensurate with its magnitude and the importance of confronting it with successful resistance. THE DARK DAY. BY EDWARD EVERETT. THERE probably never was a military disaster, of which the importance was more unduly magnified, than that of the 21st of July in front of Manassas. After a severe and protracted encounter between the two armies, which, it is admitted, was about to terminate in a drawn battle, if not even in favor of the United States, the Confederates were largely reinforced, a panic arose on the part of the teamsters and civilians following in the train of our forces, the alarm gradually spread to the troops, a retreat commenced, and ended in a general rout. The losses of the enemy in the mean time were equal to our own; he was unable to pursue our flying regiments, and they reoccupied, unmolested, the positions from which (from political reasons, and against the judgment of the Commander-in-chief) the premature advance was made. A month has since elapsed; the army of the United States has passed through the terrible ordeal of the return of the three months men, which began simultaneously with the disaster of the 21st of The population of the eleven States, compris- July, and in spite of the disheartening effect of ing the Confederate Government, according to that disaster and the confidence it was so well the census of 1860, is just 5,581,649. A levy calculated to inspire on the part of the Confedof ten per cent. of this amount, which has al-erates, our military position is stronger now ways been regarded as not only practicable but extremely light for military purposes, would give us an army of five hundred and fifty-eight thousand men. Leaving out the disaffected portions of the country, where recruiting might prove somewhat difficult, we may safely calculate on raising 400,000 men with the greatest facility, for it is estimated that we have more than 200,000 armed and equipped in the field. The Confederate Government should at once exercise its energies in this work. While we can readily whip the enemy in an open field and fair fight, where they do not outnumber us in a proportion greater than three to two, we must not place ourselves in such a condition as to render the result the least doubtful. To make assurance doubly sure, it is our bounden duty to meet the invaders man for man, and by the adoption of a vigorous and aggressive policy make this war a brief one. An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, is the maxim that should guide us through this revolution. But, to resume: The point which we most desire to impress upon the minds of the people is the necessity of being prepared yet for the worst. No delusive hope need be entertained for a solitary moment that a peace has been conquered by the result at Manassas. It is only the entering wedge to such a consummation. We may still with propriety advise with Patrick Henry, when he eloquently exclaimed, "WEI than it was before the inauspicious event. Had this occurred in a campaign in Europe, where it is not the custom to cloud the outskirts of an advancing army with a host of curious non-combatants, even if the military retreat had taken place at all, (which without the civilians' panic might not have happened,) the account given of the day would probably have been that which Mr. Russell, while ignorant of the disaster behind, gave to the affrighted fugitives whom he encountered toward its close: "Oh, it's a drawn battle. The troops are reoccupying the position from which they started in the morning." Unhappily the next night's mails were loaded with accounts, not of course intentionally exaggerated, but written under the influence of the same panic which had indefinitely aggravated, if it did not cause, the disaster. From the necessity of the case, the civilians being in the rear of the forces engaged, the disorderly retreat, and finally the panic rout of the forces was all of which they could have been the eye-witnesses, and in their accounts, accordingly, these disastrous events occupy the chief place, to the exclusion of the military operations of the day. These operations extended over a space of several miles, and the commanding officers themselves were unable for some days to make a full and accurate report of them. During my residence in London, I had sev alarm," says Alison, "spread like wildfire from rank to rank; the Guard even was shaken; the victors for a moment doubted the fate of the day. The ranks presented the appearance of a general rout, and yet the whole was occasioned by a single squadron of the Archduke John's cavalry, which had been far advanced toward Wagram, and seeking to regain, as he retired, the road to Presburg, had cut down some French marauders in one of the villages on the east of the field." Such was the effect of panic on the veterans of Napoleon, reposing in his presence after a mighty victory! eral very interesting conversations with the Duke of Wellington on the subject of the battle of Waterloo. One of them took place in the ball-room at Devonshire House, as we stood watching the dancers. He informed me that he had lately received a letter from a person about to write an account of the great battle, asking some information as to its details. "I answered him," said the Duke, "that by comparing and studying the almost innumerable printed descriptions of the battle, English, French, and German, a man of sense could acquire a better knowledge of it at the present day than any body, even the commander-in- Justly does the same historian exclaim, “Exchief, could get at the time, from personal perience in every age has demonstrated, that, observation. Suppose any one," he added, after the protracted excitement of a great bat"should ask us to-morrow morning to describe tle, the bravest soldiers become unstrung, and the position and movements of all the groups at such a moment the attack of a few fresh of dancers in this small space before us, we troops often produces the most extraordinary should not be able to report any thing beyond results. It is this which has so often chained what concerned a few of the more prominent success to the effort of a reserve in the close of personages on the floor. Much less can any an obstinately disputed day; which made Kelindividual observation extend to the detailed lerman's charge at Marengo snatch victory from movements of numerous bodies of men extend- the grasp of the triumphant Austrians; and the ed over several miles." If such was the mod-onset of Sir Hussey Vivian's brigade, on the est_reserve with which so consummate a chief flank of the old guard at Waterloo, overthrow as Wellington habitually spoke of his personal at once the military fabric of the French emknowledge of the details of the great event of pire!" his life-the memorable engagement fought under his own orders-how little can be expected of the most intelligent and active spectator, who necessarily occupies a post of safe observation, whe is borne away in a tumultuous retreat, and writes a hurried report by the next mail! There is reason to think that, though the United States forces engaged on the 21st of July under almost every conceivable disadvantage (raw troops to a great extent, whose term of service was expiring, coming under fire for the first time, after a weary march beneath a blazing sun, contending on strange ground with fresh opponents sheltered by field-works, that had been in course of construction for weeks)nothing happened beyond the average ill-luck of unsuccessful battles. If such battles, instead of being described from carefully returned official returns, were habitually narrated in glowing newspaper reports from the first impressions of civilians who have hovered in the rear of the army, they would, I apprehend, in most cases exhibit similar scenes of panic and disorder. After the fate of Wagram was decided by the retreat of the Archduke Charles, and Napoleon had retired to rest for the night, he was roused by an alarm which seemed of the most formidable character. The rear of his victorious army was thrown into confusion. Artillery, baggage-wagons, stragglers, and camp followers fled in disorder toward the Danube. The plain was covered with fugitives, the entrance to the bridges was blocked up with carriages, and many, even after crossing the river, continued their flight, and never halted till they were safe within the walls of Vienna. "The But it will be said, Gen. McDowell's army was not only worsted, it fled in wild disorder from the field. I apprehend most defeated armies do that. The Roman veterans of the army of Pompeius did it at the battle of Pharsalia, and when those of them who had escaped to the neighboring mountain capitulated the next day, they threw down their arms, and wept as they begged for their lives. A greater than Pompeius was vanquished at Waterloo; but the French writers all but unanimously claim that they had the advantage till the arrival of the Prussian reinforcement at the close of the day. Then, says the English historian of the battle, "the whole French army became one mass of inextricable confusion. The chausée was like the scene of an immense shipwreck, covered with a vast mass of cannon, caissons, carriages, baggage, arms, and articles of every kind. All the efforts of the guard to stem the flight or arrest the progress of the victors were fruitless. They were swept away by the torrent, which streamed in resistless force over the whole plain. Never had such a rout been witnessed in modern war. * * * * Before the pursuit ceased, from the inability of the British through absolute exhaustion to continue it, 150 pieces of cannon, 350 caissons, and 6,000 prisoners had been captured; and of the vast French army, that morning so brilliant, not two companies were to be found together. * * The Prussians continued the pursuit during the whole night. Seven times the wearied French, ready to drop down, formed bivouacs; seven times they were roused by the dreadful sound of the Prussian trumpet, and obliged to continue their flight without intermission. Such was the fatigue, that the greatest part of the foot soldiers threw away their arms, and the cavalry utterly dispersing, rode every man for his life across the country. The dejection was universal and extreme. At Gemappe some resistance was attempted, and a brisk fire of musketry was kept up for a few minutes from behind a barricade of overturned cannon and carriages. But a few shots from the Prussian horse artillery soon dispersed the enemy, and the town was taken amidst loud cheers, and with it Napoleon's travelling carriage, private papers, hat, and sword." another letter, "wrought so powerfully on some, and worse arguments on others, that the town is now in the hands of the rebels." What bubble burst, when the forces of the Pretender, a few days later, met the royal army at Preston? the numbers about equal, but the Highlanders without artillery or cavalry, while the royalists were provided with bothtroops that had triumphed under George II. at Dettingen two years before, and had suffered a defeat scarcely less glorious than a triumph in the spring of this year, at the memorable batLet me remind the reader that this was the tle of Fontenoy? At four in the morning the panic flight, not of volunteers, who that day young Pretender roused himself from his pillow heard the roar of hostile cannon for the first of pease straw, beneath the open canopy of time; nor of young men fresh from their offices, heaven, and the fight began; and "in less than counting-rooms, workshops, and farms; but of five minutes," says the Chevalier de Johnstone, veterans seamed with the scars of a hundred who was in the battle, "we obtained a combattles; some of whom had followed the vic-plete victory, with a terrible carnage on the torious eagles of the greatest of modern commanders from Cairo to Austerlitz. part of the enemy. It was gained with such rapidity, that in the second line, where I still was by the side of the Prince, we saw no other enemy on the field of battle than those who were lying on the ground, killed and wounded, though we were not more than fifty paces behind our first line, running always as fast as we could to overtake them, and near enough never to lose sight of them." Not a bayonet was wet, nor is it in one battle out of a hundred. Artillerymen and dragoons fled at the approach of the Highlanders, who threw away their guns-those who had guns-and with terrifio screams rushed on with the claymore." All shape, were exerted by General Cope and his brother officers, among whom was the Earl of Loudon, (afterward commander-in-chief in this country,) to regulate the disorder, but in vain. Neither the example nor the entreaty of the officers could animate the dastardly dragoons to the charge; the other body of dragoons joined in the flight; they opprobriously fled without wielding their swords, through the town of Preston." A portion of the infantry made a momentary resistance under the brave Colonel Gardiner, who, after the flight of the dragoons, dismounted and placed himself at the head of the foot, "where he gloriously perished." Like the noble Lyon, the other day, in Missouri, seeing a detachment of infantry fighting without a leader, he exclaimed, "These brave fellows will be cut to pieces for want of a commander," placed himself in their front, cheered them on, and was soon cut in two with a Highland scythe. Not above 170 of the royal infantry escaped, all the rest being killed or taken prisoners. Twenty captains, twenty-four lieutenants, twenty-nine ensigns, with all the train of artillery, baggage, tents, colors, and military chest, containing £6,000, a valuable acquisition for the Pretender, who, as he had only two captains and thirty men killed, and eighty-three wounded, made a triumphal entry into Edinburgh, carrying all the wounded prisoners, with the colors and baggage, in procession through the city, guarded by the Highlanders, and at The English press, with scarce an exception, finds in the recent panic at Bull Run not merely a theme for the bitterest taunts, but the completion of the proof that" the bubble of democracy has burst," as if a drawn battle, or, if you please, an ignominious rout, suffered by an army of raw volunteers at the commencement of a war, proved any thing one way or another, in reference to the comparative stability of different forms of government. What bubble burst when Charles Edward, on the 25th of July, 1745, landed from " a little bark" of eighteen guns, (furnished by a private gen-remedies," says Rolt, a royalist, "in every tleman in France,) on the western coast of Scotland, for the conquest of Great Britain, and the overthrow of the House of Brunswick? At the head of a handful of clansmen, of whom half were armed with scythes and bludgeons, the youthful adventurer marched upon the ancient capital of Scotland-an object, one would have thought, to England, in the middle of the last century, not so much of fear as of pity. A monarchy consolidated by ages, whose virngo queen two centuries before had brought the royal beauty of Scotland to the block-whose armies, under Marlborough, in the preceding generation, had humbled the pride of Louis XIV. in the dust-quailed before an unbreeched rabble of two thousand men from the Highlands. Panic fear marched in their van; the royal army blundered up to the north, while the Pretender was hurrying southward; the gates of Edinburgh flew open, and on the 17th of September, just three weeks after his landing, the heir of the Stuarts was seated on the throne of his ancestors in Holyrood House. "That two thousand men," wrote the Marquis of Tweedale from Whitehall to Lord Milton, who had escaped from Edinburgh, "and these the scum of two or three highland gentlemen, | the Camerons, and a few tribes of the Macdonalds, should be able in so short a time to make themselves masters of Edinburgh, is an event which, had it not happened, I should never have believed possible." "The PANIO," says tended by all the bag-pipes of the rebel army, playing their favorite air," The king shall enjoy his own again." in London was long remembered as the BLACK armed and clothed, and unprovided with every As for Sir John Cope, the commander-in-never exceeded 8,000, and these miserably chief, who had fought at Dettingen and Fontenoy, he contrived, with the aid of a white rose on his breast, which was the Pretender's badge, to slip through the Highland clans with a few dragoons, and, escaping to Edinburgh, dashed through the streets of the city at full gallop. They were refused admission, as a pack of cowards, into the castle, by the stout governor, who held it for King George, and "seized with a fresh panic, went off again," says Lord Stanhope, "at full speed towards Coldstream. Even there they did not feel secure, but after a night's rest sought shelter behind the ramparts of Berwick. There they arrived in the most disgraceful disorder, and Sir John Cope was received by his brother officer, Lord Mark Kerr, with the sarcastic compliment, that he believed he was the first general on record who had carried the tidings of his own defeat." The three generals who commanded the royal forces, while England lay under the paralyzing influence of a six months' panic, were Sir John Cope, Field Marshal Wade, and General Hawley. Their respective shares, in the military operations, were commemorated by the wits of the day (after the danger was past) in the following couplet: Doo. 112. re PROCLAMATION OF EDWARD CLARK, GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF TEXAS. Whereas, There is now a condition of actual hostility between the Government of the "United States " and the "Confederate States of America," and, whereas, the Congress of the "Cope could not cope, nor Wade wade through the snow, latter Government have recognized the existNor Hawley haul his cannon to the foe." ence of war with the United States, except the Ed-States of Tennessee, Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware, and tho Territories thereof, except the Territories of Arizona, New Mexico, and the Indian Territories situated between Kansas and the State of Texas; and, whereas, the late intimate commercial and political association of the people of the State of Texas, and their hitherto continuous and extensive intercourse with those with whom Texas, as a member of the Confederate States of America, is now at war, might cause some of the citizens of said State, ignorantly, and others, possibly knowingly, to disregard the relations in which war between said Governments has placed them; and, whereas, I have received information that some of the citizens of Texas have already violated their duty in the premises, as good citizens: What "bubble burst" when Charles ward, flushed with success, his little force now swelled to seven thousand, invaded England, besieged and reduced Carlisle, baffled Field Marshal Wade, and reached Derby on his way to London? "It certainly appears to me," says Lord Stanhope in his interesting monograph on the "Forty-five," "that the prince and his soldiers were right in their reluctance to retreat, and that, had they pursued their progress, they would, in all probability, have succeeded in their object. A loyal writer," (Fielding, the great novelist,) "who was in London at the time, declares that when the Highlanders, by a most incredible march, got between the Duke of Cumberland's ariny and the metropolis, they struck a terror into it, scarcely to be credited." An immediate rush was made upon the Bank of England, which, it is said, only escaped bankruptcy by paying in sixpences, to gain time. The shops were shut, public business for the most part suspended, and the restoration of the Stuarts, desired by some, but disliked by many more, was yet expected by all as no improbable or distant occurrence. The Duke of Newcastle, the premier, is believed to have hesitated whether he should not embrace the Pretender's cause, and George the Second was said to have packed up his precious effects and sent them to the royal yacht, to be ready for a start. The day on which the approach of the rebels to Derby was made known Now, therefore, I, Edward Clark, Governor of the State of Texas, do issue this my proclam * The following description of the army of the Pretender, on its arrival at Derby, 7,000 strong, with which Lord Stanhope, the first living English historian, thinks if he had marched straight on Lo.don he might have driven out King George II. and seized his throne, is from the supplement to the Gentleman's Magazine, a loyal publica tion, for 1755: which we have all along had of them, viz.: Most of their They appeared, in general, to answer the description main body-shabby, 1-sy, pitiful-looking fellows, mixed up with old men and boys; dressed in dirty plaids, and as dirty shirts, without breeches, and wore their stockings, made of plaid, not much above half way up their legs. and some without shoes or next to none, and numbers of them BO fatigued with their long march that they really com. manded our pity more than our fear." |