CHAPTER LII.

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.

A Bureau of Labor Statistics was established in Illinois by an act of the Thirty-first General Assembly, which went into effect July 1, 1879. The passage of the bill was the result of a demand made by the workingmen of certain of the industrial centers of the State, who had some distinctive representation in both branches of that Legislature. It was believed that with the growth of manufactures and mining, and the consequent increase of communities of operatives dependent upon such enterprises, statistics of wages and of the social and physical condi tion of such communities procured and published by the State would serve as a guide to intelligent legislation on subjects affecting their interests. The value of such work had been fully illustrated in the reports of a similar bureau which had been maintained for a number of years by the State of Massachusetts; and it was readily recognized by those engaged in industrial enterprises themselves that such a work, made to embrace the general statistics of the manufacturer and miner, might be of interest and importance to all classes.

The law provided that the board should consist of five Commissioners, to be appointed by the Governor, three of whom should be manual laborers and two manufacturers or employers in some productive industry, whose term of office should be two years or until their successors are appointed, with power to appoint a Secretary, who should hold, the office for two years or until a successor is appointed. Under this law, Gov. Cullom appointed Chas. H. Deere, of Moline, the manager of one of the largest

establishments for the manufacture of agricultural implements in the country; A. W. Kingsland, of Chicago, president of an extensive nail manufactory; Joseph C. Snow, of Chicago, a practical printer employed on the Chicago Tribune ; Geo. T. Brown, of Springfield, a practical moulder; Thomas Lloyd, of Belleville, a representative coal miner. The present Secretary of the board is John S. Lord, of Chicago, under whose direction much valuable information has been collected in the manner contemplated by the law, and published in an intelligent and convenient form. The composition of the board is a very happy one, and if its labors shall be continued in the future as they have been conducted in the past, the bureau will prove of great value to the State.

CHAPTER LIII.

GOVERNORS OF ILLINOIS.

Since Illinois was admitted into the Union as a State, there have been twenty gubernatorial elections. Under the Constitution of 1818 the Governor was ineligible to a second election in succession, and the same provision existed in the Constitution of 1848, but in that of 1870 this restriction was omitted. French, Oglesby and Cullom are the only persons who have held the office wice. The Constitution of 1848 legislated French out of office, and he was re-elected that year. Oglesby was elected the second time after the lapse of four years. Cullom, under the Constitution of 1870, was elected to succeed himself. The names of the Governors are given chronologically.

Shadrach Bond became Governor October 6, 1818; Edward Coles, December 5, 1822; Ninian Edwards, December 6, 1826; John Reynolds, December 9, 1830. Reynolds was elected to Congress in 1834, and Wm. L. D. Ewing, Lieut-Gov., succeeded to the office November 17. Joseph

Duncan became Governor December 3, 1834; Thos. Carlin, December 7, 1838; Thos. Ford, December 8, 1842; Augustus C. French, December 9, 1846, and again January 8, 1849, Joel A. Matteson, January, 1853; Wm. H. Bissell, January 12, 1857. Bissell died March 15, 1860, and John Wood, Lieut.-Gov., succeeded to the office March 21, 1860. Richard Yates became Governor January 14, 1861; Richard J. Oglesby, January 16, 1865, and again January 13, 1873; John M. Palmer, January 11, 1869. In 1873, Gov. Oglesby was elected United States Senator, and John L. Beveridge, Lieut.-Gov., succeeded to the office January 23, 1873. Shelby M. Cullom became Governor January 8, 1877, and again January 10, 1881. He was elected United States Senator in 1883, and John M. Hamilton, Lieut.-Gov., succeeded to the office February 6, 1883.

Illinois has not yet had for Governor a citizen who was born in the State. Of the eighteen persons who have occupied the gubernatorial chair two were born in Maryland, Bond and Edwards; one in Virginia, Coles; two in Pennsylvania, Reynolds and Ford; seven in Kentucky, Ewing, Duncan Carlin, Yates, Oglesby, Palmer and Cullom; one in New Hampshire, French; four in New York, Matteson, Bissell, Wood and Beveridge, and one in Ohio, Hamilton. How rapidly the new generations come to assume the duties and cares of government! None of these are living save Oglesby, Palmer, Beveridge, Cullom, and Hamilton the present incumbent. Bond died April 13, 1832, at Kaskaskia; Edwards, July 20, 1833; Duncan, January 15, 1844; Ewing, March 25, 1846; Ford, November 2, 1850; Carlin, February 14, 1852; Bissell, March 15, 1860, at Springfield; French, September 4, 1864, at Lebanon; Reynolds, May 8, 1865, at Belleville; Coles, July 7, 1868, at Philadelphia; Matteson, January, 1873, at Chicago; Yates, November 28, 1873, at St. Louis, at Barnum's Hotel; Wood, June 4, 1880.

CHAPTER LIV.

ILLINOIS IN CONGRESS.

Delegates in Congress from 1811 to 1818-Representatives from 1818 to 1885Senators from 1818 to 1889.

NOTE-d, Democrat; w, Whig; r, Republican; i, Independent; g, Greenback.

From Lanman's Biographical Annals and the Congressional Directory we have compiled an authentic list of the Delegates and Representatives and Senators in Congress from the Territory and State, beginning with the Twelfth Congress, which convened November 4, 1811, and closing with the Fiftieth, which terminates March 3, 1889:

DELEGATES.

Shadrach Bond, (d) of Kaskaskia, was the first Delegate; he served in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Congresses; October 3, 1814, he was appointed Receiver of Public Moneys at Kaskaskia.

Benjamin Stephenson, (d) of Edwardsville, succeeded Bond, and served until 1816, when he was appointed Receiver of Public Moneys at Edwardsville.

Nathaniel Pope, (d) succeeded Stephenson, serving until

1818.

REPRESENTATIVES.

John McLean, (d) of Shawneetown, was elected Representative in 1818, and served one term.

Daniel P. Cook, (d) of Kaskaskia, represented the State from 1820 to 1827.

Joseph Duncan, (d) of Jacksonville, represented the State from 1827 to 1834, when he was elected Governor. In the meantime the census of 1830 had increased the representation from one to three, and under this apportionment he then represented the third district.

Charles Slade, (d) of Belleville, represented the first district in 1833; he died in July of the same year.

John Reynolds, (d) of Belleville, succeeded Slade, and represented the district until 1837, and again from 1839 to 1843.

Adam W. Snyder, (d) of Belleville, represented the first district from 1837 to 1839.

Zadok Casey, (d) of Mt. Vernon, represented the second district from 1833 to 1843.

William L. May, (d) of Springfield, represented the third district, as the successor of Duncan, from 1834 to 1839.

John T. Stuart, (w) of Springfield, represented the third district from 1839 to 1843, and the eighth from 1863 to 1865.

The census of 1840 increased the representation from three to seven.

Robert Smith, (d) of Alton, represented the first district from 1843 to 1849, and the eighth from 1857 to 1859.

*William H. Bissell, (d) of Belleville, represented the first district from 1849 to 1853, and the eighth from 1853 to 1855.

John A. McClernand, (d) of Shawneetown, represented the second district from 1843 to 1851, and the sixth (Springfield), from 1859 to 1861, when he resigned to accept the commission of Brigadier-General in the Union army.

Willis Allen, (d) of Marion, represented the second district from 1851 to 1853, and the ninth from 1853 to 1855. Orlando B. Ficklin, (d) of Charleston, represented the third district from 1843 to 1849, and again from 1851 to 1853.

* Afterwards a Republican.