it, and monuments of the immortal glory of the Spanish nation.-JUAN BAUTISTA ESTELLER, Chief Secretary.

Manifesto to the Inhabitants of Sarragossa. Dated Head Quarters, Sarragossa, Sept.

20, JSOS.

The heroic defence of Sarragossa, which has been made by the magnaninious inhabitants of that city, and its vicinity, is the object of admiration to all parties, and will be so to future ages. The constancy, inflexibility, and calmness, with which they resisted the incessant assault of an enemy, who every day attacked, and who every day was conquered, shew that their hearts are animated by the most noble sentiments, and evince, that those virtues which best secure the independence of a people, are not lost to Spain, and at the same time teach us what may be done by a people resolved to be free; of their resolution and valour, I have been a constant witness, and have ever seen them as great in their resolves, as noble in their deeds; the happiest of my days will be that in which I shall inform our beloved king, Ferdinand the VII., what they deserve for their fidelity, their valour, their loyalty, and the ardent affection with which they adore him but till that day arrives, what they have done shall not remain without a distinguished mark to perpetuate its memory: therefore, reserving to myself to distribute particular rewards to such individuals as may have merited them by eminent services, as soon as I shall have received accounts sufficiently accurate to enable me to make a just distribution, I have resolved to grant as I do grant, in the name of our august sovereign, Ferdinard VII. to all the inhabitants of the vicinity of this city and its districts, that they now and hereafter shall always enjoy the privilege never to be adjudged by any tribunal in any case, except for treason or blasphemy, to any disgraceful punishment; which privilege shall be perpetual, invariable, and peculiar, to all the citizens of whatever class, sex, age, and condition, they may be without any person offering to contradict or act contrary to its tenor; but, on the contrary, all shall be careful punctually to fulfil and execute it; for which end an edict shall be passed, authorised by the royal audience, and transmitted to the hall of justice, and magistracy of the city. And that it may be known unto all, it shall be published on the vigil of the city's most sacred protector, our Lady of Pilar, by proclamation, with trumpets, &c. in the accustomed form, and shall be fixed up in the public places, and circulated besides in all the cities, towns,

and villages in the kingdom, that to all may be known the just reward of the valour fidelity, and constancy of this capital, which has given me the most heartfelt pleasure.JOSEPH PALAFOX Y MELZI.

Proclamation by Brigadier-General Count de San Roman, Colonel of the Regiment of Infantry of the Princess, and Provisional Commander-in-Chief of the Division of the North, lately arrived in Spain; addressed to the Troops who compose it, drawn up in Line, in Celebration of the Birth-Day of our august and beloved Sovereign, Ferdinand VII. the 14th of October, 1808.

Soldiers, The general-in chief, marquis de la Romana, on his departure from Gottenburgh, committed to me the honourable charge of commanding you; and as he has not yet been able to rejoin us, I think it right not to delay any longer stating to you, what, I am convinced, he would have done under the present circumstances -Absent from your country upwards of 700 leagues, and kept in complete ignorance of its fate, your loyalty was tried by seduction, and exposed to acts the most arbitrary, oppressive, and unjust; but faithful to your banners and your lawful sovereign, you knew how to re sist them with unshaken firmness, and to live and die, united with your country, was the sole wish you unanimously entertained and expressed.- Under these circumstances, through the interposition of Divine Providence, direct intelligence reached us of the situation of our country, and of her anxious desire to obtain our assistance. You immediately united all to afford her your aid; but obstacles, almost insurmountable, obstructed the attainment of that end. Nothing, however, was capable to make you shrink from your firm resolve. Great were the privations, fatigues, and incessant dangers, with which you had to struggle, in order to attain your purpose, but you bore up under them al with that heroic perseverance and kind of satisfaction, which the most exalted patriotism alone can inspire.-Divine Providence could not but favour a cause so just; and guided by that Providence, we succeeded, under the powerful and energetic protection of a great and generous nation, now our irtimate ally, to surmount all obstacles, and tread again our anxiously desired native soil. When you set foot on it, you all expressed the most lively emotion of heartfelt joy; and corresponding demonstrations of your countrymen, convinced you of their joyful feelings on the happy occasion. A truly memorable day, warranted by the public expression of sentiments worthy of true

Spanish patriotism, the memory of which will, no doubt, be handed down to the latest posterity with the glorious history of its name. — We have already joined in his temples to offer up thanks givings to the Most High, who vouchsafed to dispose this, and to implore with fervent prayers the continuance of his support. Now we are under arms, enjoying the bliss. ful destiny of celebrating in our native land the birth day of our sovereign Ferdinand VIL to restore him to his throne, and to reign full of splendour, prosperity, and gloty. Your anxious desire to march for that purpose, and to share in the laurels of our gallant companions in arms, who have covered themselves with glory, shall soon be fulfilled.-But, soldiers, in order to secure the attainment of your wish, you should constantly bear in mind, that order and discipline must be scrupulously observed, and unremitting vigilance displayed in the service.

The least fault or omission on this head would no longer prove injurious to those unfortunate people with whom you formeryl acted, and who still groan under the heavy oppression of the perfidious enemy who endeavoured to impose his iron yoke also on our country, but hurts and distresses your worthy countrymen, your brethren, in fine, those who so generously step forward to share our fatigues and alleviate them. Every offender shall therefore be promptly punished with the utmost severity, and deserves, besides, to be turned out of your ranks, as unworthy of the Spanish name, because he could render himself guilty of misconduct in circumstances so interesting and important.-But I feel perfectly satisfied that a case so disgraceful will never happen; my conviction on this head, arises from your good conduct and fervent patriotism. I have merely to add, that when the day so much desired shall come, to front our enemy, you shall always find me by your side; I will share all your dangers, and, jointly with the gallant and distinguished officers by whom you are commanded, we will shew the world, that if a glorious death, in the field of honour, be at all times the darling object of the wishes of Spanish soldiers, how much more so must it be for those who are fighting for a cause the most just and most sacred; a cause in which the defence of our holy religion, and of our beloved lawful sovereign, Ferdinand VII, and the dignity and independence of our native land, are equally concerned ! COUNT DE SAN ROMAN.

Address of the Central Junta to the Spanish Nation. Dated Nov. 21, 1808.

Spaniards! -The Central Junta of Government of the kingdom, after having taken all measures in its power to defeat the ene my, who, continuing his attacks, has advanced into the neighbourhood of Samozierra, addresses you, for the purpose of putting you upon your guard against the intrigues with which the perfidious agents of Napoleon endeavour to alarm and deceive you, by increasing the number of the enemy's troops, who hardly amount to eight theusand men, according to the reports made by the Generals whom the Junta has charged with the defence of the important post of Guadarrama.-Inhabitants of Madrid !--The country stands in need of your exertions; your circumspection, and patriotism, are the bulwarks on which it chiefly rests its defence. The Junta trusts that you will know how to support the dispositions of your Captain General, and of the tribunal of vigilance, in order to discover and deliver to the inexorable arm of the law, all traitors, who will now exert themselves more than ever to introduce disorder, and paralyse the activity with which you must be present at all parts, which will be pointed out to you; bearing in mind the 2d day of May, when, deprived of all assistance, and even of the liberty to defend yourselves, you struck the whole nation with astonishment by your loy alty and valour.-The Central Junta fees at a loss to express to you the confidere which the enthusiasm, with which the sl diers of the nation prepare themselves to beat the enemies of our beloved Sovereign Ferdinand VII, of our country, and cur religion, inspires them; our allies, the English, convinced of the justice of the cause we defend, and, animated by the same enthusiasm, are invited, and ready to march to Escurial, where they are at present to reinforce the position chosen by our wise Ge neral, and support the operation of our van, which must already have commenced to engage the slaves of the tyrant who oppresses. all nations. Spaniards! cowardice, inspired by treason, will, no doubt, try means to angment the dangers, exaggerated by the ill-disposed, in order to frustrate the mea sures pursued by the Junta, which places implicit confidence in your unexampled fide" lity and obedience.-Royal Palace of Aranjuez, Nov. 21, 1808. By order of the Supreme Junta.-MARTIN DE GARAY,

AMERICA.-Message of the President of the United States to the Senate and House of Representatives. November 8, 1908

It would have been a source, fellow-citi• zens of much gratification, if our last come

munications from Europe had enabled me to inform you, that the belligerent nations, whose disregard of neutral right has been so destructive to our commerce, had become awakened to the duty and the policy of revoking their unrighteous edicts. That no means might be omitted to produce this salutary effect, I lost no time in availing myself of the act authorising a suspension in whole, or in part of the several embargo laws. Our ministers at London and Paris were instructed to explain to the respective governments there, our disposition to exercise the authority in such manner as would withdraw the pretext on which the aggressions were originally founded, and open the way for a renewal of that commercial intercourse, which it was alledged, on all sides, had been reluctantly obstructed. As each of these governinents had pledged its readiness to concur in renouncing a measure, which reached its adversary through the incontestible rights of neutrals only, and as the measure had been assumed by each as a retaliation for an asserted acquiescence in the aggressions of the other, it was reasonably expected that the occasion would have been seized by both, for evincing the sincerity of their professions, and for restoring to the United States its legitimate freedom. The instructions to our ministers, with respect to the different belligerents, were necessarily modified with a reference to their different circumstances, and to the condition annexed by law to the executive power of suspension, requiring a degree of security to our commerce, which would not resuit from a repeal of the decrees of France. Instead of a pledge, therefore, for a suspension of the embargo as to her, in case of such a repeal, it was presumed that a sufficient inducement might be found in other considerations, and particularly in the change produced by a compliance wish our just deinands, by one belligerent, and a refusal by the other, in the relations between this other and the United States. To Great Britain, whose power on the ocean is so ascendant, it was deemed not inconsistent with that condition, to state, explicitly, that on her rescinding her orders in relation to the commerce of the Unied States, their trade would be opened with her, and remain shut to her enemy, in case of his failure to rescind his decress also. From France no answer has been received, nor any indication that the requisite change in her decrees is contemplated. The favourable reception of the proposition to Great Britain was the less to be doubted, as her orders of council had not only been referred for their vindication to an acquiescence on

the part of the United States, no longer to be pretended; but as the arrangement proposed, whilst it resisted the illegal decrees of France, involved, moreover, substantially the precise advantages professedly aimed at by the British orders. The arrangement has, nevertheless, been rejected.This candid and liberal experiment having thus failed, and no other event having occur red on which a suspension of the embargo by the executive was authorised, it necessarily remains in the extent originally given to it, We have the satisfaction, however, to reflect, that in return for the privations im posed by the measure, and which our fellowcitizens, in general, have borne with patriotism, it has had the important effects of sav ing our mariners, and our vast mercantile property, as well as of affording time for prosecuting the defensive and provisional measures called for by the occasion. It has demonstrated to foreign nations the modera tion and firmness which govern our councils, and to our citizens the necessity of uniting in support of the laws and the rights of their country; and has thus long frustrated those usurpations and spoliations which, if resisted, involved war; if submitted to, sacri ficed a vital principle of our national independence. Under a continuance of the belligerent measures, which, in defiance of laws which consecrate the rights of neutrals, overspread the ocean with danger, it will rest with the wisdom of Congress to decide on the course best adapted to such a state of things; and bringing with them, as they do, from every part of the Union, the sentiments of our constituents, my confidence is strengthened that in forming this decision, they will, with an unerring regard to the essential rights and interests of the nation, weigh and compare the painful alternatives out of which a choice is to be made. Nor should I do justice to the virtues which on other occasions have marked the character of our fellow-citizens, if I did not cherish an equal confidence that the alternative chosen, whatever it may be, will be maintained with all the fortitude and patriotism which the crisis ought to inspire.The documents containing the correspondences on the subject of the foreign edicts against our commerce, with the instructions given to our ministers at London and Paris, are now laid before you. The communication made to Congress at their last session explained the posture in which the close of the discussions relating to the attack by a British ship of war on the frigate Chesapeake, left a subject on which the nation had manifested so honourable a sensibility. Every view of what

In the present Number, which conclades the volume, I have not, as in the former volumes, inserted any Index. I did not myself find the index useful, but the Table of Contents very useful. I have, therefore, made this Table much fuller than ussal, and have so arranged the articles, that any one will be easily found. The OFFICIAL PAPERS stand first, the date of each being added to the title; next come the LETTERS FROM CORRESPONDENTS, the subject and signature of each being specified; next the ARTICLES WRITTEN BY EDITOR, the several topics of each article being mentioned, in the order in which they follow each other; and, lastly, come some MISCELLANOUS ARTICLES, which were found not to come naturally under any of the former heads. This Table of itself will, I am of opinion, be found to be no very imperfect chronicle of the events of the half year; and, I am sure it will, as far as dates go, save a great deal of trouble in the way of reference.

SUMMARY OF POLITICS.

THE

SPANISH REVOLUTION.- -Yes, for a revolution it will be, in spite of all the efforts of the Central Junta and of John Hookham Frere. Upon this subject there has been published in the Courier newspaper, of a few days ago, a long letter signed X. Y. containing accusations against Mr. Waithman, the Edinburgh Reviewers, and myself. The two former need no defence, seeing that the writer has inserted a passage from Mr. Waithman's speech, and also from the Review, which passages will do great good, and will be remembered to advantage when the accusation against the authors are forgotten.

As to myself, I notice this writer because his letter opens the way for an exposure of those, by whom, in all probability he is paid, and affords me an opportunity of placing in a new light many things, which cannot be too strongly imprinted upon the public mind.The accusation

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against me is this: That though I might like well enough to see the Spaniards in a state of revolution, I could not wish them success, when I considered that they were opposing Buonaparte, who had so often humbled the English government, and all the friends of the English constitution; that it went against me to applaud those who were hostile to one, who had so often gratified the feelings of the opponents of the English ministers, and especially, as the Spaniards were fighting for their lawful sovereign, and not for a rights-of-man government; that, accordingly, I set to work, on the 24th of June last past, to alarm weak persons in this country, lest England should associate herself with a new race of Robespierreans; that, thus, at a moment, when all ranks and all parties were enthusi astic in the Spanish cause, when the few, who, from party feeling, were less warm than the multitude, dared not even murmur dissent, "that good patriot Mr. Cobbett, truly in"stigated by the devil, stepped forth, with

a hellish spirit, to throw the apple of dis"cord amongst us ;" and, that, if this writer could suppose it true, as he is firmly persuaded it is utterly false, that any person in this country, from the king to the cobler, dreaded the success of the Spanish patriots as tending to excite a spirit of revolution in this country, he should set down the shame of that delusion to the Patriot William Cobbett, who was the first to engender a factious feeling on a cause, respecting which this whole nation was unanimous; a cause, on the success of which depended the dearest interests, not only of England, but of the world.-Now, sup. posing, for argument's sake, all this to be true. Supposing, that, with the devil at my back, I did use, on the 25th of June last, and have continued ever since to use my utmost endeavours to persuade the people of England, that, to carry on war for Ferdinand was the way to fail, and that, by a different way of proceeding something