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honour of being introduced to him.-There was a general illumination in the evening, and all those who had the honour of being admitted to his majesty's presence, departed to their respective homes highly transported with the reception with which he had been graciously pleased to honour them, and the interest which his majesty took in the concerns of the different places he passed through.

Madrid, July 16.-Yesterday all the bells were set a ringing. At day-break there was a discharge of artillery, and in the evening an illumination took place. These rejoicings announced the king's arrival on the Spanish territory. His majesty has by this time. reached Burgos, and is expected here on the 20th.

Official Letters relative to the British Offi

cers sent to the Spanish Patriots. Head Quarters of the Asturian Army, Stones, July 10, 1809.-Sir,-Having learned from Major Reche, the readiness you have expressed to afford the assistance of the British frigates under your command upon the coast, in the enterprize I am about undertaking, I beg to return you my best thanks for this most desirable and powerful co-operation; but I avail myself of this opportunity of repeating what I have already had the honour of communicating to you, through that officer; that it is by no means my wish that the smallest risk should be incurred by his majesty's ships, or that a single seaman should be landed - Major Roche, who has my entire confidence, will explain to you fully the manner in which I conceive his majesty's ships under your command can render us the most effectual service. He will also give you a copy of the signals agreed upon for communication between the squadron and the shore, as well as the fullest explanation of my intentions in the proposed attack upon the enemy at Santander.-I have the honour to be, &c.(Signed)-NICHOLAS DE LLANO PONTE.Lieut.-General in the Army of the Asturias. -To Captain Atkins, Senior Officer commanding his Britannic Majesty's Ships, on the North Coast of Spain.

His Majesty's Ship Seine, off St. Arebor, July 7, 1905.-Sir,-a communicating with you on his majesty's service, I have so much observed the justness of your ideas, and correctness of opinion, as most readily induced me to co-operate with the naval force under my command, in all your suggestions; and I beg to assure you, that I attribute in a great measure the speedy reestablisment of government, and success of

the Spanish army under General Ponte, to your abilities and exertions; and in this opinion I am perfectly joined by Captain Tower, of his majesty's ship Iris; Captain Digby, of the Cossack; Captain Ramsay, of the Eurydice; Captain Hardyman, of the Unicorn; and Captain Daly, of the Comet. The public service in which we are engaged, has called forth this mark of approbation due to your abilities and exertions, and induces me to request you will be pleased to convey it in the speediest manner to the right hon. lord Castlereagh, his majesty's principal-secretary of state. I have the honour to be, &c.-D. ATKINS, Captain of His Majesty's ship Seine, and Senior Offcer on the North Coast of Spain.

To Major Roche, &c. Santander. From the Corunna Gazette extraordinary,' Aug. 1, 1808.-[By Order of the Government]

The following official dispatches have been received by express: Head-Quarters at Andujar, 6 o'clock in the evening, July 19,

1808.

Most Serene Signiors;-At half-past five an officer came in with a flag of truce, requesting that orders should be given to Gen. La Pena to suspend hostilitics, whilst Gen. Dupont should hold a conference with Gen. Reding. I replied in the negative. A few moments after, I received a letter from Gen. Pena himself, informing me that they had solicited terms of capitulation. I grant them no other terms than that they shall be prisoners of war, with permission to the general and his officers to wear their swords, and to take with them a portmanteau each, filled with their clothes only, in consequence of the pillage which they have committed in our towns; assuring, however, at the same time, that they shall be treated with the same respect as those belonging to the squadron at Cadiz, and in a manner worthy of Spanish generosity. Whilst the details are preparing, I beg leave to acquaint your highnesses, that we have taken some cannon and prisoners, and, in short, that Gen. Dupont is completely hemmed in on all sides. -May God preserve your highnesses many years. The Most Serene Signior XAVIER DE CASTANOs.The Most Serene the Supreme Junta of Government.

N. B. A dispatch of the same date, and communicating the same intelligence, has been received from Signior Count Tilli, a member of this supreme junta, who accompanies the general of the army.

Note of the Supreme Junta. Seville, July 20.-The supreme junta bas the most entire satisfaction to inform the

Los Banos, in order to cover the movements
of the respective divisions; and if Colonel
Baldecanos has followed my instructions to
him, a most favourable opportunity will
occur, of occupying Despenaperros; since,
in a dispatch which we have intercepted,
dated the 16th, from the chief of the staff
of the French army at Baylen, to the com
mandant of Santa Elena, the latter is direct-
ed to march to Guarraman, leaving only 500
'men at that point.-May God preserve your
serene highnesses many years.--Head Quar-
'ters at Andujar, 8 o'clock in the morning,
July 19, 1808. The Most Serene Sig-
nior XAVIER DE CASTANOS -The Most
Serene Signiors the President and Members
of the Supreme Junta of Government.

public, that by a dispatch received this day, by express, from the most excellent Signior D. Francisco Xavier Castanos, captain-general of the forces of Andalusia, of which a literal extract is annexed, a convincing proof is given of the military talents with which the operations have been conducted, inasmuch as the results exactly correspond with the well digested plan which had been formed. So fortunate have they been, that from the very first encounter, the enemy has continued to fly with the utmost disgrace, and his flight has been a complete rout; this effect having been produced by events which he certainly could not have prevented. Most Serene Signiors,-In my dispatch of the 17th, I acquainted you with the state of our operations and proceedings On the 13th, general Reding wrote to inform me, that at nine in the morning he had entered Baylen with his own division and that of the Marquis de Compeigne, which I had ordered to join him; and that the enemy were retreating from that place to Guaraoman, having left behind only a grand guard, which was put to the rout. I instantly wrote to Gen. Reding to attack Andejar in flank, with the two divisions, whilst I should attack it in front. I was preparing to execute my plan at day-break this morning, when, at two o'clock, I was apprized that the enemy were evacuating Andujar, and making a precipitate fight by the road to Madrid cannot conceal my surprize, that the inhabitants of Andujar did not give me the slightings in other places which may have the

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est notice of this movement.-Finding that the enemy were making their escape from me, 1 ordered General La Pena, with his division and some reinforcements, to harrass their rear; a disposition so much the more proper, as I had just received a letter from Gen. Reding, informing me that he had marched from Bayien at three in the morning, with the intention of making his attack upon Andujar at eleven; so that, in consequence of his active and opportune movement, Dupont will find himself placed between these two divisions and that of General La Pena. I flatter myself that the result will correspond with the well combined dispositions of the plan.-Your highnesses may hourly expect intelligence of the intended attack of to-day, for which every thing is prepared.-I occupy this city with the division of General Jones, where I have taken a position adapted to circumstances The enemy have left 300 sick; and it is believed that General Vedel was killed in the air of Mengibar.- have also received advice from Commandant Cruz, that he had proceeded with his sharp-shooters to

By the same Courier extraordinary has been received a dispatch from the most excellent Signior Count de Tilli, a member of the supreme junta, which, in addition to the communication from his excellency the general in chief, mentions the deplorable situation to which the enemy has reduced the town of Andujar. It is undoubtedly a matter of surprize, however well practised these banditti are in the art of corruption, that there should be room to suspect any of the inhabitants of that place of disloyalty, or adhering to the enemy. But should these suspicions be confirmed, they may well tremble at the example which this supreme authority is preparing, in order to satisfy the public, and to prevent similar proceed

misfortune to fall into the enemy's hands. This dispatch also contains the inventories of two magazines which the French left behind them at Andujar; but as it likewise mentions a third, which there had not been time to examine, and as we are in expectation of the still more fortunate results of a decisive action, the whole of the requisite details will be subsequently communicated. -JUAN BAUTISTA PARDO, Secretary.

Corunna, July 30-Marshal Bessieres having written to his excellency Don Joaquim Blake, in the usual style of Buonaparte's generals, with the view of bringing about the destruction of this country, and the annihilation of its inhabitants, the general has, in reply, addressed to him the following letter:

July 24.-Senor General.-I return thanks to your excellency for the humane treatment which you assure me has been given to the Spanish prisoners; and, on my part, I assure you, that the French do not mistake Spanish generosity. It belongs to your excellency and to me, to banish from our ar

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mies that ferocity which does not belong to the truly brave. Good soldiers fight with spirit, and esteem their enemies in proportion to the firm resistance they experience from them-From your excellency's wellknown character, such are, I believe, the principles by which your conduct is guided. -lam also convinced, that your excellency will know how to appreciate my frank and decided declaration, which is, that I acknowledge no sovereign except Fernando' de Bourbon, or his legitimate heirs. But if it happen that this unfortunate family should be completely extinguished, I should then only acknowledge for my sovereign the people of Spain, lawfully represented in general Cortes. This manner of thinking is not confined to me alone; I express to you the sentiments of all the army, and of the whole nation, with the exception of a small number of men, who are governed by the most interested self-interest. Be persuaded that I inform you of the real state of things Do not mistake the forced submission of some towns, occupied by French troops, for a real change of opinion in the inhabitants. Undeceive, therefore, your emperor, and if it be true that he possesses a philan thropic mind, he will renounce the project of subduing Spain. Whatever partial suc cesses he may obtain, it is evident that his brother can never reign in this country, unless he reign over a desert covered with the blood of Spaniards, and of the troops employed in this unjust enterprize. Notwithstanding the aversion with which I view the cause you support, I assure your excellency that I entertain for you that high consideration which is due to your eminent personal qualities. JOAQUIM BLAKE, general-inchief of the army of Gallicia.

The following has been published, by order of the government :—

On the 28th inst. Marshal Bessieres transmitted a second letter to our general in chief, to which he requested a satisfactory answer, informing him that, with all due respect to his good opinion, it was his duty to avoid the effusion of blood, it being certain that the Bourbons, whom the general mentioned, never could reign, while France and the greater part of Europe existed in their present state. He also informs the general, that he is anxious to see him, and appoints a place of interview. To this letter was sent the following answer :-July 28, 1808. Signior Marshal,-I have, with due respest, received your excellency's letter, and have to repeat my thanks to you for having set at liberty the 4 or 500 prisoners whom you took in the battle of Rio Seco, and

whom your excellency describes as peasants of Galicia. They are nevertheless regular soldiers, being recruits incorporated with the, troops of the line, though they do not wear the uniform. In explaining this circumstance, my intention is not to release myself from acknowledging the generous conduct your excellency bas manifested towards those people, but to guard against the possibility of their upon any occasion receiving, in consequence of any misconception, a species of treatment which they do not deserve, and which, from the sentiments manifested by your excellency, could not but be painful to your own feelings. Your excellency will always find me disposed to alleviate, as far as possible, all the horrors of war, flattering myself that in this respect I shall only imitate your conduct. But, Signior general, I am not at liberty to agree to the conference which you are pleased to propose to me, nor to enter into any discussion upon the subject which we should have to agitate on such an occasion. -Your excellency informs me, that the Bourbon family has ceased to reign in Spain; and that, in order to replace them on the throne, it would be first necessary to destroy France, and a great part of Europe. What, then, is the great crime committed by that family? Can it be the frank, faithful, and intimate friendship and alliance, which have united it to France during the space of 13 years? But in attempting to make any reflections I exceed my limits: it is my duty to contine myself to the entreaty that your excellency will abandon the project of altering the opinion which I have already so decidedly pronounc ed upon the subject. Your excellency would doubtless take offence, were I to propose to you a change of party, and that you should abandon the emperor whom you have sworn to support; and most assuredly you should reflect that, upon the same principles, I ought not to listen to your excellency's proposals, nor is it fitting that your excellency should address them to a man of honour. Such is the esteem and admiration, Signior general, in which I hold your excellency's military talents, that I glory in having op posed to me so distinguished an antagonist; and with respect. to the final issue of the present struggle, I repose myself with confidence on the Divine Providence, to whom it belongs to decide, the fate of armies and of nations, and who, sooner or later, will look with a favourable eye upon the most just cause which is defended by all true Spaniards.- beg leave to repeat to your excellency, Signior Marshal, the assurances of my high consideration.-JOAQUIM BLAKE,

Proclamation to the Inhabitants of Asturias, sion? Respectable ministers of the Al

dated Oviedo, July 26.

Noble inhabitants of Asturias! What panic terror has taken hold of your hearts? A remote danger affrights you! an imaginary invasion terrifies you!-Do you not know, that the whole power of Rome in the zenith of its splendor, and with her emperor at her head, has not been able to add this small province to her empire? Have you forgot, that the innumerable hosts of barbarians which Africa has vomited into our peninsuJa, have found their tomb amidst these rocks! You are, peradventure, afraid of the threats of the conquerors of Jena and Austerlitz. Away with these ideas, spread by our enemies to dishearten you The

French armics that had filled the world with
their name, lie prostrate in the dust; the
remainder is holding in coercion the unhap-
py that have been sacrificed to the ambition
of their chief. In Spain we have but few
soldiers, raw, inexperienced, weakened
by fatigue, incapable of undertaking the
conquest of an invincible country. They
will face the danger if their chiefs bid them;
but what will be their fate? Will they
return? They will, if you refuse to imi-
rate your forefathers; but if you attack the
enemy with fury and desperation, they will
be astonished, and you will immolate them
like victims unable even to help themselves.
They shall fall to your feet in heaps,
from terror, and from the irresistible
weight of your robust arms. Cast away
your muskets, attack them with arms still
more cruel, with implements of husbandry,
with the same which your arms are accus-
tomed to handle, and then you will shortly
see the disparity betwixt you and them.
The cavalry and artillery, in which their
principal force consists, cannot avail them
among you: all the rest is a contemptible
mass, without vigour, without fortitude,
at the utmost knowing to fire a musket,
helpless and forlorn the moment you close
in with them. Arouse! Take heart! You
will have the pledge of victory with you,
and be assured the French will not invade
you; if they dare, we shall entomb them
among the mountains and vallies that sur-
round us. What! think you that before
they reach your towns, even the nearest to
Castile, they will not experience the havock
of the artillery, and of the troops that gar-
rison our ports? The wise dispositions of
the Supreme Junta, the precise and appro-
priate orders of the commander in chief, will
they not repress the impetuosity of those
ruffians, and not preserve the people against
Cosic the invasion might occa-

mighty, pastors of the people, when you hear the tremendous voice of danger, unite your flock, exhort them and conduct them to the field of honour! Generous gentlemen, ye that have such influence on the minds of the pacific villagers, when you see the flame spreading and raging among the mountains, sally forth to preserve the val lies from the conflagration, taking with you as many as can contribute to its extinction! Arouse, Asturians! and be constant in your valour: if any Frenchman escapes from the army, let him find in you the fate prepared for yourselves! Let them know at once that you will receive them according to their desert, and perhaps the timely notice will detain them; if not, rush on and confirm the lustre already hereditary to your name. Let the world know, that the As turias have for the third time repulsed their proud invaders, and that externiination awaits them!

Placard affixed in the most Public Places of Seville, to rouse the People to the Resis tance of French Domination and Tyranny.

Gallant Sevillians,--War is not always clothed in horrors; there is a kind of peace more fatal than a field of battle, drenched in blood and strewed with bodies of the slain. A townsman of your own, who has just be held the capital of Spain in a state of slavery, which our enemies call a state of peace, has been able to compare the oppressed and degraded state of its unfortunate inhabitants with the noble attitude of defence in which Andalusia stands. A month ago, the Spaniards had lost their country. Seville has restored it to life more glorious than ever, and those fields which for so many years have seen no steel but that of the plough share, are going, amidst the splendour of arms, to prove the new cradle of this adored country. No, no: bumanity does not shudder at the sound of war; it wishes it a thousand times more than the slow and interminable evils of slavery. Ah, says your townsman, were you to behold your brethren groaning and shrieking in the chairs which perfidy has thrown around them! The most respectable citizen is ex posed to suffer the insolence of the most contemptible soldier of our enemy. At every step he has to endure, at least, the insult of being eyed with the disdain of the conqueror to the conquered. The inhabi tants of Madrid, strangers, at it were, by sufferance in their own houses, cannot enjoy one moment's tranquillity. The pub lic festivals, established by immemorial cus tom, the attendance on religious ordinances,

and

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are considered as pretexts for insurrection, and threatened with being interrupted by discharges of cannon. Distrust reigns in every heart, and the smallest noise makes the citizens tremble in the bosoms of their families. The enemy, from time to time, run to arms, in order to keep up the impression of terror with which they were struck by the massacres of the 2d and 3d of May. Then their pale countenances announce the recollection of the lot of these unhappy victims; all fly to their houses, lock their doors, then hardly think themselves safe. One is in fear for his children, another for his wife, and a third for his friends. Madrid is a prison, of which the gaolers take pleasure in terrifying the prisoners, by alarms, in order to keep them quiet. What a wide difference between that situation and yours, my beloved countrymen! I could not refrain from tears of joy, on viewing the city in which I drew my first breath, and to see it in a situation so glorious. The noble military ardour, the flame of patriotism, the generous love of independence, are alive in your breasts, united with the love and submission to those laws and that authority which you have established. History will delineate you as a model, of which there are few examples in the world. The power of the people has preserved to them its independence. Submission and confidence in the magistrates free them from the horrors of anarchy. You have fulfilled the wishes and hopes of all the lovers of their country. This becoming obedience has given an incredible energy to the Convention (la Junta) in whom you have reposed your confidence. Who will believe, that in little more than thirty days, and amidst the hurry and noise of war, the political, economical, and military administration of a kingdom could thus be duly organised? Such is the power of patriotism and sincerity under the guidance of enlightened minds! Seville is the terror of our enemies, the hope of Spain, and the glory of her sons.-Fly-fly to the field of honour. Happy you who can partake in the victory which is awaiting you. Fly, while there are still enemies to combat. Life or death, in such a crisis, is indifferent. You, who shall return, shall receive the reward of gratitude in the embraces of your country, which shall proclaim you her deliverers. And you, whom Heaven destines to seal with your blood the independence of your nation, the honour of your women, and the purity of the religion which you profess, do not dread the anguish of the last moments; remember in these moments that

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there are in our hearts inexhaustible tears of tenderness, to shed over your graves; and fervent prayers, to which the Almighty Fa ther of mercies will lend an ear, to grant you a glory superior to that which those who survive you shall enjoy. Conquer or die, noble Andalusians. There is no danger but in fight. Conquer or die, and victory is ours.

St Yago, June 29.-The Supreme Junta of this principality hasten to communicate to this kingdom the information they have received from our depaties in Great Britain, whose government offers a succour not only to this principality, but every other principality of this kingdom, as will be seen by the annexed copy of the letter of the English minister to our deputies.

Ilis Britannic Majesty's Declaration to the Envoys of Asturias. Dated Office of Fureign Affairs, 12th June.

MY LORDS-I have laid before my sovereign the letter which you were authorised by the junta of the principality of Asturias to deliver to me, together with the powers entrusted to you by the junta, entreating, in their name, his Majesty's assistance. His Majesty has desired me to assure your excellencies, that he feels the warmest interest in the resolution of the principality of Asturias to sustain against the atrocious usurper of France a contest in favour of the independence of the Spanish monarchy that his Majesty is disposed to grant every kind of assistance to efforts so magnanimous and praise-worthy. His Majesty has, therefore, ordered me to declare, that no time shall be lost in embarking for the port of Gijon the succours that you require, as being the most pressingly pecessary; he will besides send a naval force capable of protecting the coast of Asturias against any attempt which France may make, and of introducing troops by sea into the country-his Majesty will make further efforts in support of so just a cause. His Majesty has also ordered me to declare to your excellencies, his readiness, to extend the same succours to every other part of the Spanish monarchy which may be animated by the same spirit of the inhabitants of Asturias, as well as his Majesty's sincere desire to renew those ties of friendship which subsisted so long between the two nations, and to direct his united efforts against any power which may evince hostile intentions against Spain, as well as Great Britain.-I recommend to your excellencies to communicate, as soon as possible, to the junta, the manner in which his Majesty has received the proposals transmitted by your excellencies. A vessel has been got

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