the greater part of Germany, and in order to convert our robust and honourable arms into vile instruments of his ambition and rapacity-then it was that all our provinces, cities, towns, and villages, as if on a sudden they had awakened from a profound lethargy, recollected their imprescriptible rights, and recovered all the energy necessary to defend and preserve them. In the short space of eight days, every Spaniard, animated by an enthusiasm as ardent as pa triotic, resolved to perish or take vengeance of the tyrant; and Providence instantly favoured their just and valorous determination. The satellites of oppression, who had till then arrogated to themselves the epithet of invincible, were finally conquered, for the first time pursued, hunted like wild beasts, and obliged to take refuge either in the recesses of the Pyrennees, or in the strong places which had been surprized by the base arts of fraud, perfidy, and treason. But, Spaniards, it is still to be seen whether these first and brave efforts of your valour are to resemble the sudden flashes of an expiring torch, or the first flame of a pile, whose fire, growing every instant more luminous and active, does not cease till it has no substance to devour. The first would take place were you to prefer your apparent and individual interests to the public welfare, which is truly substantial-if you suffer yourselves to be misled by selfishness, or distracted by private passions--if you divide yourselves into factions or parties—and, in a word, if you are not convinced, that it is above all things, indispensably necessary that you should make great sacrifices, in order to complete your great enterprise, and one day enjoy the glory you are to reap with it. In this enterprise your device should be, die or conquer. But you will overcome all obstacles, if you assert and boldly maintain this your irrevocable resolution; for neither does fortune generally forsake those who meet danger with unshaken firmness, nor can God deny his aid to those who purpose to defend his cause with sound and deliberate resolution. Spaniards, do not doubt it. War ought to be henceforth your chief ele

ment. Your endeavours should be directed to the maintaining of it with intrepidity and constancy; and whatever is capable of weakening those efforts, youshould consider as the first link in the chain of your future slavery, and as impediments to the delivery of your adored Ferdinand. In his name, and after the maturest examination, the supreme central junta have resolved, that besides the increased numbers of troops already constituted, and even organized, and which are now marching towards the Pyrennees, to repel, attack, and drive away the foe, 250,000 warriors shall be enlisted, organized, and instructed in arms, agreeably to the rules prescribed in the regulations and provisions which are to be published for that purpose. --But at the same time that his majesty flatters himself that those forces, added to those which will be furnished by the English and Portuguese, our allies, will be al to destroy his mortal enemy, he foresees at the same time, the great convenience, and even necessity there will be that in the metropolis, and in all the provinces which remain without garrison or armed force, there should be raised loyal bodies, interested in preventing disorders, and capable of arresting banditti, deserters, and evil-disposed persons, who may purpose to satiate their ambition or rapacity by disturbing the public tranquillity. Honour, union, fraternity, forgetfulness of injury, a disregard of what is or what we may fancy due to us, internal and mutual peace and concord among the citizens, and, in a word, all the virtues which constitute true patriotism, these are the planks which alone can save us from the threatening shipwreck. The suggestions and discourses which might stifle and make cool these virtues, would be so many hemlock cups fraught with death, so many hidden snares placed by malice or impradence in our path, on the brink of the precipice. To preserve then those virtues, and maintain tranquillity in all the towns, and especially in the larger; to impose awe upon robbers, and apprehend deserters, and to prevent, by prompt and inevitable pu nishment, the multiplication of crimes, his 2 K

majesty has resolved, that in all the towns of the kingdom which are out of the theatre of war, there shall be raised bodies of militia of honour (milicias houradas), according to the rules and regulations contained in the following article (Here follow 28 articles, most of them matters of detail and formal provisions susceptible of abridgement).

SPANISH REVOLUTION.-(Continued from p. 992.)-Letter from the Conde de Florida Blanca, President of the Central Junta, to General Xavier Castanos: dated Aranjuez, Oct. 1, 1808.

Most honoured Sir, In the supreme government of the kingdom, a memorial has been received from your excellency, pointing out the difficulties which oppose, in your opinion, the establishment of a military council, the necessity of which, in the judgment of your excellency, there is, that the inspectors should have a seat in it; and lastly, that your feelings and honour do not permit you to remain any longer at Madrid; in consequence, the Junta has resolved, that your excellency should be informed, that it has already signified its orders to the members absent, and it doubts not that they will expedite their journey, which is destined to a service so important, that the inspectors shall be called to the council when they shall think proper; in which case, they shall have a vote in it; and finally, that the Junta cannot but recognize in your excellency's exposition, relative to your march to the army, all the delicacy of which the most delicate soldier can be susceptible. The stay of your excellency in Madrid was useful and essential, since from it have resulted the formation of plans and measures most proper for carrying on the war against our enemies; intelligence of their situation, that of the forces your excellency commanded, and their superior discipline, are in a great measure due to the penetration and military talents of your excellency, and ultimately the union of operations of all the armies, which happily has been arranged continuance of your excellency in Madrid, and at the side of the Supreme Junta. Envy and detraction cannot asperse motives so pure, nor shade the merit which in the present state of affairs your excellency has recently gained in the service of the country, and the Supreme Junta, which knows it to be so, will give to your excellency proofs of it on every occasion that offers, and on those which it shortly expects, in consequence of the determination of your Scellency to place yourself at the head of your arm which it bighly ap

proves; since in that, and in the acknowledged military talents and patriotism of your excellency, the Junta has founded the hope of the quick expulsion of the enemy from our country, the nation waits for it with unspeakable anxiety, and has placed its eyes on your excellency, already accustomed to similar undertakings.-May God preserve your excellency many years.-THE CONDE DE FLORIDA BLANCA.

By order of the supreme council, we insert the following document, which, on the 27th of last September, was addressed by the most illustrious senior deacon Don J. R. J. Nacarro, auditor of the council of Na

varre.

Most illustrious Senor,-In folio 33d of the proceedings of the council, it is said,

that as the auditor of the council of Navarre,

presented himself disguised, who had ge ned admittance into the residence of Senor Don Fernando the VIIth, and brought verbal instructions from his majesty, limited to strict injunctions and wishes that it should follow a system of friendship and harmony with the French. The obligations I owe to that supreme tribunal, for having suppressed my name and the most important part of my commission, solely with a view to the safety of my person, subject, at the time of its publication, to French controul, demanded my gratitude and acknowledgment, and therefore I intreat your highness to signify the same; but now, although at the expence of difficulties and uncertainties, I find my self in this town, free from all fear, I think it necessary that the public should know my mission in its fullest extent.-I was at Bay onne with other ministers of the tribunals of Navarre,, when the king arrived in that city. The emperor of the French did not defer many hours in throwing aside the veil which hid his mischievous conduct. He signified openly to his majesty the scandalous and unexpected project of tearing forcibly from his temples the crown of Spain, and doubtless persuaded that in order to its accomplishment, it was necessary straiten the king by every ascans, one of the first that he put in execution was the interruption of the couriers. Daily were they dispatched, but the right of nations, was not a guarantee sufficiently sacred to insure them against the insults of a government accustomed not to hesitate in the choice of means for the accomplishment of its depra ved ends.-Thus circumstanced, his majesty thought himself obliged to adopt new secret channels of communication with the supreme junta, presided by the infant Don Antonio,

I

and honoured me with the trust, that it should be me, who passing to this capital, should inform it verbally of the events which occurred on those first three miserable days. accordingly left Bayonne, about six in the evening of the twenty-third, and arrived in this city, by circuitous roads and parts, not without serious dangers and difficulties, at night-fall of the 29th April. I immediately proceeded to the junta, and acquainting it with the royal order, I said that the emperor of the French wished to exact inperiously from the king our Lord Don Ferdinand VII. that he should for himself, and in the name of all the family of the Bourbons, renounce the throne of Spain, and all his dominions, in favour of the said emperor and his dynasty, promising him in recompence the kingdom of Etruria, and that the suite which accompanied his majesty, should make a similar renunciation in a representation of the Spanish people; that his imperial and royal majesty, feigning not to perceive the evidence manifested, that neither the king could, or ought, in justice, to accede to such a renunciation, and disregarding the bitter complaints which he made to him, for having conducted his majesty to Bayonne by a deceit and perfidy unexampled, inasmuch the more unaccountable as they were disguised under the most sacred title of friendship and reciprocal benefit, pledge words the most decisive, he persisted in it without any further reason than two pretexts, unworthy of being pronounced by a sovereign who had not lost all respect for the morality of cabinets, and that good faith which con. stitutes the bond of nations; the first, that his policy did not allow of any thing else since his person was not safe while any of the Bourbon enemies of his house should reign over a powerful nation; and the second, that he was not so stupid as to neglect an opportunity so favourable as that which presented itself, and having a formidable army in the heart of Spain, its fortresses and principal parts occupied, nothing to fear from the north, and the persons of the king and infant Don Carlos in his power, advantages too great to expect they should offer themselves at a future time.That with a view of gaining delays, and drawing from them the greatest possible advantage, a note has been sent, requesting that some person might be authorised to explain his pretensions in writing, but that if the emperor should persist in not receding, his majesty was resolved to lose his life rather than yield to so iniquitous a renunciation. Thus, with this security and

positive information, the Junta should continue its proceedings, and I concluded, ad◄ ding, that being voluntarily asked by Don Pedro Cevallos, when I took leave of his excellency, if I should communicate any thing to the Junta on the conduct which it was to observe towards the French, he answered that although the commission did not include this point, I might say, that it was agreed on in a general manner, that at that time no alteration should take place; because that it was to be feared, from the contrary, serious consequences would result to the king, the infanta, and as many Spaniards as accompained his majesty; and the kingdom would be endangered, by mani festing hostile dispositions before it was ready to throw off the yoke of oppression. Your excellency knowing that, with those.expres sions, Iexpatiated not only the whole night of the 29th of April, but also on the morning of the 30th, in which his highness the Infant, Don Antonio, desired that I should assist in the sitting held on it, consisting of most of the members of the Supreme Junta, of all the Presidents of the Tribunals, and of two ministers from each, with informing all of my commission, and me of the news of the day and other business that might be discussed, in order that I might inform his majesty of the whole at Bayonne.-When I returned on the evening of the 6th of May, after continued dangers and apprehension, which augmented my speed, and since it is very proper, in my opinion, that the heroic trait in the firm character of my sovereign should not be concealed, and, the more so, it is confirmed in a manner the most au thentic, by the exact fulfilment of the discharge of my mission in all its parts, I entreat your excellency, and the council, if not improper, to order this paper to be inscribed in the gazette and diary of this city. May God preserve your excellency many years.-L. M. I. NAVARRO Madrid, Sept. 27, 1808.-To his Excellency Senor Don Ancies M. y Alvarde.

BARCELONA. The General of Division, Lechi, superior Commander, decrees as follows: dated Barcelona, Oct. 15, 1808.

Art. 1. No person, of whatever rank, shall keep in his house, or any other place, a greater quantity of rice and oil than shall be sufficient for the consumption of his family alone, for two months, without giving information of it, within three days, to the commissary-general of the police.-2. Such quantities of rice and oil as may be found, not having been notified to the commissary. general of the police, within the said time,

*1,

ORDER IN COUNCIL.-From the London Gazette, Dec. 24, 1808.

shall be seized, and taken from the concealers.-3. Whoever shall discover, and give information to the commissary-general of the police, after the said term, of any quantities of rice and oil, shall receive one-fifth of the quantities so discovered, as a reward, and his name shall not be made known.-4. The commissary-general of police shall fix the price at which the said commodities shall be sold during the said two months.-5. Every person who shall be discovered to have sold rice and oil at a higher price than that at which they shall be fixed, during the said two months, shall suffer a fine of 25,000 sueldos. (Signed) LECHI-Approved by the General Commander-in-Chief, DUHESME.

Another, dated Nov. 9, 1808. His excellency the general of division Lechi, military commandant of this city, commands that all the inhabitants keep the doors of their houses shut; that those persons who are obliged to go out, go alone; and it is announced that whenever three persons are seen together, they will be fired upon by the troops.-The general of division, &c. commands that whenever an alarm shall be given by any movement of the enemy, three cannon shall be fired in the arsenal, and that all persons who shall not instantly shut themselves up in their houses on this firing shall be arrested by the troops, excepting those who are in office, and who have to go out upon public affairs.-The general of division, &c. commands that all the trees which are at the distance of 300 toises from the covered way of this place, and its fortresses, shall be cut down. The fruit-trees alone shall be allowed to stand, lopping the tops and branches. If the proprietors of these trees neglect to comply with these orders, the soldiers will be commanded, and the poor of the city permitted to do it, keeping the wood for themselves. (Signed) LECHI.

At the court at the queen's palace, the 21st of Dec. 1808, present, the king's most excellent majesty in council; his majesty, in virtue of the powers reserved to him by two certain acts, passed in the fortyeighth year of his majesty's reign, the one intituled "an Act for granting to his majesty, until the end of the next session of parliament, duties of customs on the goods, wares, and merchandises therein enumerated, in furtherance of the provisions of certain orders in council;" the other intituled "an Act for granting to his majesty, until the end of the next session of parliament, certain duties on the exportation from Ireland of goods, wares, and merchandise therein enunerated;" is pleased, by and with the advice of his privy council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, that, until further order shall be made herein, the operation of the aforesaid acts be suspended, as to any duties on exportation granted by the said acts, so far as relates to articles being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any country for the time being in amity with his majesty, and from the ports of which the British flag is not excluded, which articles have been, or shall be, imported direct from such country into any port or place of the United Kingdom, either in British ships, or in ships of the country of which such articles are the growth, produce, or manufacture.

And his majesty is further pleased, with the advice aforesaid, to order, and it is hereby ordered, that the operation of the aforesaid acts be in like manner suspended, as to any duties on the exportation of goods, wares, or merchandise, which have been or may be condemned as prize.-And the right honourable the lords cominissioners of his majesty's treasury, are to give the necessary' directions herein accordingly.-W. FAW

KENER.

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