in the attack upon Jackson. McDowell is still on the south side of the pike.

Longstreet sees the mistake which Pope has made. His whole line advances-five divisions-Evans, Anderson, Kemper, Jones, and Wilcox. They have been concealed in the woods. They come into the open field west of Mr. Chinn's house. Pope quickly sees his mistake, and Sigel and two brigades of Ricketts's division, under General Tower, with twelve cannon, go upon the run across the turnpike to join McDowell. General Sykes, with two brigades of regulars, hastens to the Henry house hill, and also Reynolds, with the Pennsylvania Reserves. McLean's brigade of Schenck's division is on Bald Hill. Sigel, seeing how hard pressed they are, sends Schurz's division to help them. The conflict rages around the Chinn house. Colonel Koltes and Colonel Fletcher Webster, son of Daniel Webster, the great statesman, are killed and General Tower wounded.

Passing over to Longstreet's lines, we see Hood's division cut to pieces, one-fourth of the troops killed or wounded. Anderson's is almost annihilated. In one brigade of five regiments every field-officer except one is killed or wounded. The ground is slippery with blood. Sigel's and McDowell's troops hold Bald Hill, despite all the efforts of Longstreet to drive them from the position by a direct attack, but the Confederate troops are creeping round towards the Henry house.

General Pope sees at last that the battle is going against him. He must hold his ground till the trains can get across Bull Run. The retreat begins, the troops in front of Jackson slowly falling back. The Henry house hill must be held to the last, and there, on the very spot where the final struggle in the first battle of Bull Run took place, comes the last struggle of the day. Longstreet advances, but all of his attempts to drive the regulars under General Sykes ends in failure. The sun has gone down, darkness is coming on, but there are still flashes on the Henry hill, where the cannon and muskets flame.

The cannon are silent at last, the battle over. Lee has won a victory and the Union troops are retreating across Bull Run. Lee has suffered so severely that his tired troops can make no quick pursuit.

There had been a great mistake made by General McClellan at Alexandria, in not co-operating as heartily as he might with Pope. The Army of the Potomac, when it landed at Alexandria and passed beyond the fortifications, was no longer under his command, but received orders from Pope. We need not wonder that he keenly felt the change. He had been commander-in-chief of all the armies, had issued orders to generals in the Far West as well as along the Atlantic shore. That power had

been taken away; and now his army, which he had led so near Richmond that he could hear the church-bells toll the hour, was being transferred to Pope. Instead of being at the head of a great army he was at Alexandria, sending his troops to another commander. Pope needed supplies. This the answer of McClellan: “ Wagons and cars will be loaded and sent as soon as a cavalry escort is sent to bring them out." Pope sends this to Halleck in reply: "Such a despatch, when Alexandria is full of troops, and we are fighting the enemy, needs no comment." Pope has this to say in his report: "I do not see what service cavalry could have rendered in guarding a railroad train. I did not feel discouraged till I received this letter." To Pope's request for ammunition this McClellan's reply: "I know nothing of the calibre of his guns." On the afternoon of the 29th,

with the booming of cannon at Manassas rolling across the Potomac, he telegraphs to President Lincoln as to the course to be adopted: “To leave Pope to get out of his scrape and at once use all means to make the capital safe."

September 1st. It is a rainy morning, but Jackson is on the march, crossing Bull Run at Sudley Ford, where McDowell forded it when he marched to the first Bull Run battle. He marches north, then north-east, along a country road till he reaches the Little River turnpike, and then turns south. He is north-east of Centreville, and is aiming for Fairfax Court-house to get once more between Pope and Washington. It is a hazardous moment, for Longstreet is far behind, and Pope has been reinforced by Sumner and Franklin, who have twenty thousand men.

Pope discovers Jackson's movement, and orders the army to fall back towards Fairfax. At Germantown is the junction of the Little River and Warrenton pikes. Hooker and Reno and Kearney are there, when Jackson, just at dark, comes down the Little River pike, files into the woods and fields south of Chantilly, near Ox Hill. It is nearly dark when A. P. Hill begins the attack with Branch's, Hay's, Trimble's, and Gregg's brigades, which are hurled back by Reno and Kearney, with severe loss to Jackson; but the Union army suffers a great loss in the death of General Stevens and General Kearney. Once more night comes on, closing the

battle.

It has been a period of disaster and defeat to the Union army, and of victory to the Confederates. General Pope, in his retreat, has been obliged to leave a large number of his wounded on the field. There was one very pathetic scene. In an orchard lay six Union soldiers near one another, not under the sheltering shade of the trees, but in the broiling sun. Each of the six had lost a leg, and one, Corporal Tanner, had lost both

legs. Near by them was a soldier with a ghastly wound in his side, made by an exploding shell. They were hot with fever and parched with thirst. The surgeon who had been left in charge of them had taken too much liquor, and was incompetent, through intoxication, to care for them.

The suffering soldiers could see the apple-trees near by loaded with luscious fruit-so near, and yet so far away! The ripening apples were dropping to the ground. "Oh that we had some of them!" said one. The soldier with a wound in his side, hearing the exclamation, dragged himself towards the trees, stretching out his arms, clutching the long grass, gaining inch by inch until he could reach the apples and toss them. back to the others. It was a supreme effort. He did not know the names of his suffering comrades; they were not members of the same regiment, but they wore the blue, and were giving their lives for their country; that was enough. A few moments later he who had made this sacrifice breathed his last breath, and was motionless evermore. His last work had

been one of love, good-will, and devotion.

The army was out of provisions. Sumner's and Franklin's corps had reached Centreville, but they had very little to eat. It is possible that if there had been any controlling mind a stand might have been made at that point and Lee, in turn, defeated; for the Confederates, although they had destroyed Pope's provisions, were needing supplies, and would have been compelled to make a second attack, or retire towards Manassas. General Pope saw that the troops had no confidence in him, that the army was disorganized, and that the best course would be a falling back to the fortifications at Arlington and Alexandria.

General McClellan was there, and the troops which had temporarily been turned over to Pope once more came under his command, and the work of reorganization began.

Lee's plan for crushing Pope, and bringing about the withdrawal of McClellan from the James, had been crowned with success.

There was

great rejoicing in the South, and much despondency throughout the North. General Lee had lost many men; but having crushed Pope, and compelled the withdrawal of the Army of the Potomac from the James to Washington, he determined to carry the war northward, across the Potomac, in a new and aggressive campaign.

IT.

CHAPTER XIII.

INVASION OF MARYLAND.

T was universally believed in the South that the sympathies of the people of Maryland were with the Confederacy. The song "My Maryland!" had been sung in every hamlet of the seceded States. It was believed that if General Lee were to cross the Potomac and enter that State thousands of young men would flock to his ranks; that Baltimore would welcome him with open arms; and that the possible result might be the capture of Washington, or a movement into Pennsylvania. He would be in a rich and fertile country. The harvest had been gathered, and he could obtain all needful supplies. Such a movement would terrify the Northern States. If he could fight another battle and win a great victory north of the Potomac, England and France would recognize the Confederacy and break the blockade. The soldiers were ready and eager to invade the North. Had they not driven McClellan from Richmond? Had they not defeated the combined armies of McClellan and Pope?

On September 5th the Confederate army crossed the Potomac at Noland's Ford, General Jackson leading the column. The water was only knee-deep, and the soldiers swung their hats, cheered, and sung "Maryland! my Maryland!"

General Lee issued a strict order against plundering private property. He regarded Maryland as a Southern State, and the army must not do anything to offend the people. It was harvest-time; the orchards were loaded with fruit, the barns filled with hay and grain, and there were thousands of acres of corn ripening in the golden sunlight.

At ten o'clock on September 6th General Stuart's cavalry entered Frederick. There were Marylanders in the Confederate army, who were warmly welcomed by their friends. A few women waved their handkerchiefs, but most of the people gazed in silence upon the troops. The soldiers were well supplied with Confederate paper-money, and they paid liberally for boots, shoes, flour, bacon, cattle, and horses. people did not dare to refuse the money, although they knew it was worthless.

The