should order you to go on." It was dark when the head of Wallace's column reached the lower bridge across Snake Creek. He crossed the creek and halted in the road, thus forming the right wing of the army for the battle of the next day.

General Beauregard's headquarters on Sunday night were about one mile in rear of the line of battle. General Bragg occupied General Sherman's tent near Shiloh Church. During the evening the Confederatecorps commanders came together at Beauregard's headquarters and received their orders for the following day. They felt the loss of General Johnston, but were jubilant over what had been accomplished, and confident of success. They had no doubt that the victory would be made complete in the morning. General Beauregard sent a despatch to Richmond announcing that he had won a victory. He did not know that Buell at that moment was coming into position with his divisions on the north bank of Dill's ravine, where Chalmers and Jackson had been repulsed.

During the night General Grant is laying his plans for the morning. As at Donelson, he decides no longer to stand on the defensive, but issues. orders to begin the battle at daylight. He leaves General Buell to make whatever disposition he pleases with his troops. Just as daylight breaks, Thompson's battery, of Lew. Wallace's division, sends its shells across the ravine through which winds Tillman's Creek towards Snake Creek, upon Pond's brigade of Confederates. At the same instant the batteries down towards the river begin to thunder, and a few moments later the firing opens all along the Union line. With returning daylight many of the stragglers of yesterday, cheered now by the knowledge that Buell's army has arrived, return to their regiments.

Beginning upon the right, between the road leading to Crump's Landing and Tillman's Creek, we see Lew. Wallace's division facing southwest, then Sherman facing south, then McClernand, and the remnant of W. H. L. Wallace, then Hurlbut, and what is left of Prentiss. Buell's three divisions-Nelson's, McCook's, and Crittenden's-occupy the ground from the main Corinth road to the river. Nelson's division is in Dill's ravine. It is twenty minutes past five when Nelson moves out from the ravine southward, followed by Crittenden, who comes into position ont Nelson's right, followed in turn by McCook, who takes the right of Crittenden. The first musketry firing is between Nelson's skirmishers and the Confederates under Breckinridge. Almost at the same moment Wallace's skirmishers on the right advance upon Pond's Confederate brigade. Wallace crossed Tillman's Creek and pushed Pond from his position, then waited for the advance of Sherman on the edge of a large field. About.

PITTSBURG LANDING. (FROM A PHOTOGRAPH, MAY, 1862.)

seven o'clock Sherman and McClernand advanced to the left of Wallace's division. While this is going on, Buell's divisions are pushing the Confederates in front of them back over the ground where the fight was hottest on Sunday-"the hornet's nest," as the soldiers called it. Through the forenoon the battle goes on, but not with the terrific energy of Sunday. The Confederates are no longer on the aggressive. Two Union batteries, those of Mendenhall and Terrill, obtain a position from which they send an enfilading fire upon the Confederate batteries in front of McCook. General Sherman is upon the spot, and gives direction to the firing. The Confederate cannon are quickly silenced and driven. This, together with the folding back of Breckinridge and Bragg by Nelson and Crittenden on the left, the aggressive energy of McCook, Hurlbut, and Sherman in the centre, and the resistless advance of Wallace on the right, can have but one result, the final defeat of the Confederates.

Early in the forenoon General Beauregard gave up all expectation of winning the battle. He knew that Buell had arrived, that the Union army was now much larger than his own, that his army had lost its energy, and that sooner or later he must retreat; but he resolved to make a show of resistance, and to fall back that he might save his troops from a final rout, which would be the probable result if he were to attempt a vigorous attack. It was two o'clock when Governor Harris, of Tennessee, serving on General Beauregard's staff, asked Colonel Jordan if the battle

was not going against them, and if there was not danger of a rout. Colonel Jordan expressed his fears to Beauregard for the safety of the army, and asked if it would not be well to get away as soon as they could. "I intend to withdraw in a few moments," was the reply; and officers were sent with orders to the corps commanders to retire from the field. At three o'clock the Confederate army, with disordered ranks, disheartened,. defeated, having lost more than twelve thousand troops, began its weary march back to Corinth. The last roll of musketry died away-fired beyond the little log church, almost on the very spot where the struggle began.

General Beauregard reached Corinth, and sent this despatch to Rich-mond: "We have gained a great and glorious victory-eight to ten thousand prisoners and thirty-six cannon. Buell reinforced Grant, and we retired to Corinth, which we can hold. Loss heavy on both sides." On the same day he sent a flag of truce to Grant asking leave to bury his dead, with this message: "Sir,-At the close of the conflict yesterday, my forces being exhausted by the extraordinary length of time during which they were engaged with yours on that and the preceding day, and it being apparent that you had received, and were still receiving, reinforcements, I felt it my duty to retire, and withdraw my troops from the immediate scene of battle."

The Union army lost thirty-three guns on the first day; but on the second Sherman's division recaptured seven, McClernand's three, and the army of Buell twenty-in all thirty guns. The Union loss was about twelve thousand, of whom three thousand were taken prisoners. General Beauregard reported his loss at nearly eleven thousand, almost all killed and wounded. He reported the number killed at seventeen hundred and twenty-eight. General Grant says that it was much larger; that more than that number were buried in front of the divisions of Sherman and McClernand. The Confederates were the attacking party on the first day, and their loss was much greater than Grant's. On the second day the Union army began the attack, and quite likely their loss was equal to the Confederate. The battle was fought with great obstinacy on the part of the Union troops. Grant says: "Excluding the troops who fled, panic-stricken, before they had fired a shot, there was not a time on the 6th when we had more than twenty-five thousand men in line." Beauregard's force was nearly forty thousand. The troops on both sides were undisciplined. The battle decided nothing, except that Beauregard lost his prestige as a great commander. His despatch announcing a great victory aroused for the moment the enthusiasm of the Southern people, but when they learned that it was a defeat instead he was no longer looked upon as a hero.

FROM

CHAPTER X.

NEW ORLEANS AND MEMPHIS.

ROM the forests of Minnesota, in the heart of the continent, the Mississippi River pours its mighty flood to the sea. With its branches— the Missouri, Ohio, Tennessee, Cumberland, Arkansas, and Red rivers, and their thousands of smaller streams-it is the arterial system of the continent. The dead tree which falls into the stream five thousand miles away is borne to the Gulf of Mexico; the grains of sand washed from the summit of the Rocky Mountains is carried by the ever-sweeping current to the sea. When the Southern States seceded from the Union no river on the globe had a commerce so great as that of the Mississippi.

The people of New Orleans had great expectations. They thought that by the secession of the Southern States and the setting up of the Confederacy New Orleans would become the metropolis of the Western world; that St. Louis and Cincinnati would cease to grow; that New York would no longer control the commerce with England and Europe; that grass would grow in the streets of Boston. When the State seceded, cannon thundered on the levees and bonfires blazed. When troops were called for, the merchants opened their pocket-books and gave liberally to fit out the Washington Artillery, which took part in the battle of Bull Run.

On the low and marshy land thirty miles from the Gulf of Mexico the United States had built two strong forts-St. Philip, on the north bank, and Jackson, on the south. They were built of brick. The walls were thick, and there were one hundred and twenty-six guns in position to sweep the river. In addition to the forts, a great chain was stretched from shore to shore, resting upon eight old hulks anchored in the stream. Blacksmiths and carpenters were at work constructing a huge steam battery, the Manassas, carrying sixteen guns, and a steam ram, the Louisiana, shaped like a turtle, nearly all under water. Flat-boats were piled with pitch, pine-wood, and barrels of tar, to be sent adrift if a Union fleet should appear.

Such a fleet did appear. Its commander was David Glasgow Farragut, who was born near Knoxville, Tennessee. He went to sea when he was only ten years old, under Captain Porter, in the frigate Essex, and was in the terrible fight between that vessel and the British ships Phoebe and Cherub in the Bay of Valparaiso, in 1812.

His friends were mostly in the South, but he was true and loyal to the flag under which he had fought, and was selected to command the fleet sent to capture New Orleans. He had seventeen vessels - all wooden ships-besides twenty-one mortar-boats-schooners which had been purchased. In all, he had about two hundred cannon.

A fleet of steamers sailed from New York with fifteen thousand troops on board, commanded by General Benjamin F. Butler, to hold the city after its capture.

Admiral Farragut had much difficulty in getting the large vessels over the bar at the mouth of the river. It took two weeks, with the aid of tugboats, to get the Pensacola across; but one by one the vessels-all except the Colorado-were at last in the river.