quality. These goods are recognized in the market, and bear a price which will remunerate the maker, whose prosperity manifests itself in new mills, built in the most economical manner, that will serve to enhance the supply of the same description and quality of goods. This has not been the American system. The factories here are corporations in charge of men little skilled in the business. Of the subscribed capital as much is spent in insuring buildings and display as would suffice in the hands of a practical individual owner to produce the cloth. Each department is in charge of an individual who holds office from the company, and who has no stimulant to improve in his particular work, or much accountability for the manner of its discharge. The owners are stockholders. The treasurer is frequently the selling agent, or a person appointed, because himself or his friends wish to have the office. The interests of nearly all the persons engaged are not identical with those of the stockholders. The agents buy the materials, and not unfrequently make bonuses and commissions on them. The orders are to turn out the yards,' because the selling agents who advance money to the concern want the yards,' and if these come in good supply the quantity of make and uniformity of texture is less regarded than it should be. The development in the Bay State affairs illustrate what has been said, but there are many things which did not appear in the report of the committee. Among these are enormous quantities of waste,' or goods spoiled in the manufacture through the inefficiency of the persons in charge. If wool is worth sixty cents per pound, and one-third the quantity bought is spoiled in working up, it raises the cost of that actually used to ninety cents per pound; and these goods put on the market at long credits by a financiering treasurer, whose interest account in the counting room forms a counterpart to the waste account of the mill, will scarcely yield a net surplus for a dividend on capital stock, although an accumulation of one million two hundred thousand pounds of waste may furnish the pretext for a stock dividend. In spite of these operations, however, American manufactures, in the hands of careful men and judicious selling agents, have made great progress. fancy cassimeres, prints, and lawns, have come to occupy the ground, and afford fair profits to the makers. As the 'slap-dash' style of business subsides, the markets become more steady, the goods more to be depended upon by buyers, and the profits more certain to the producers." DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. 1.-EDUCATION IN NORTH CAROLINA. FROM the report of C. II. Wiley, superintendent of public education of North Carolina, we cuil the following which evidences marked improvement in the educational polity and prospects of the old North State. Whole number of common school districts in North Carolina, actually laid off and provided with houses, three thousand five hundred. Whole number of schools taught, at some time or other, at least three thousand five hundred, (for there are more schools than districts.) Whole number of children in the State, between the ages of six and twentyone, about two hundred and twenty thousand. Whole number of children now receiving instruction at the common schools, one hundred and fifty thousand. . Number of children receiving instruction at colleges, academies, select and private schools, eleven thousand. Number of children being educated out of the State, three hundred. Number of children not receiving instruction at all, three thousand seven hundred, or say four thousand. The account then stands thus: White children between the ages of six and twenty-one in North Carolina, two hundred and twenty thousand. SOUTHERN SCHOOL BOOKS. 117 Number of illiterate men and women that will grow up from these, four thousand. Proportion of ignorant persons in the rising generation, one in fifty-five, and at most one in fifty. In seventy-six of the counties which made returns to me last year there was expended on the schools the sum of two hundred and twenty-six thousand two hundred and thirty-eight dollars and forty-nine cents; and in the whole State the expenditure was, perhaps, two hundred and fifty-three thousand dollars. In seventy-six counties reporting to me there was, last fall, in the hands of the chairmen an unexpended balance of one hundred and fifty-seven thousand five hundred and nineteen dollars and sixty cents; and perhaps in the hands of all the chairmen the sum of one hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars. The number of certificates granted to teachers during the last year, and reported to me, was two thousand two hundred and fifty-six. The number reported, in which the sexes were distinguished, give two hundred and fourteen female teachers. The whole number of teachers licensed was probably twenty-five hundred. The average length of all the schools for the whole State is about four months the average attendance about forty scholars per school, and the average wages of teachers in all North Carolina is about twenty-four dollars per month, varying from fifteen to forty dollars in different localities, and at different seasons. The average cost per scholar, of all the children educated at the common schools, is $1 66 cts., and the average cost to each parent of the State, for all the expenditures of the common schools, is about sixty-six and two-third cents per annum, or sixteen and two-third cents per month while the schools are in operation. 2.-SOUTHERN SCHOOL BOOKS. THE many able gentlemen who were appointed at the several Southern conventions to look into and report upon this subject have, it seems, up to this date, profoundly reposed over the appointment. Is it impossible to get Southern men to move in this matter? Must we forever take our school books, with all the bias which is given to them, in the hostile hands through which they pass to our children? When in Charleston the other day, we noted that our esteemed friend, Col. Capers, of the Citadel, was using Wilson's United States as a text book. Perhaps he could not do better, and has taken the best to be had, yet this work contains such passages as the following: "Of the state of manners and morals in Maryland, Virginia, and the Southern colonies generally, we cannot give so gratifying an account. While the upper classes of the inhabitants among the Southern people were distinguished for a luxurious and expensive hospitality, they were too generally addicted to the vices of card-playing, gambling, and intemperance, while hunting and cockfighting were favorite amusements with persons of all ranks." "It cannot be denied, however, that New England colonial character and New England colonial history furnish, on the whole, the most agreeable reminiscences, as well as the most abundant materials for the historian." But to return to the committee: One of its members, an able scholar and gentleman, (we may as well give his name,) President Talmadge, thus writes: "I trust much good will result from the deliberations of the committee. Several subjects will claim their attention: several text books need expurgating from their fanatical and unscriptural sentiments on the slavery question; though I do not now recollect any one of these books that cannot be dispensed with entirely, without serious loss. "In the higher departments of science and literature, it appears to me that considerable latitude of choice should be left to the respective professors and teachers. In English lexicography I would like to see Webster displaced, and Worcester's system of dictionaries adopted for the South. It is true the New Haven improvements of Webster's dictionaries have removed many of the most obnoxious features, but there are still great faults left, in my humble judgment, and I do not like to see encouragement given to these Vandal innovations on the English undefiled.' "We ought to have in the South a uniform system of Latin and Greek grammars, to prevent confusion in our schools and colleges. "The main point, I think, where good may result from the labors of the committee, will be in the adoption of a uniform system of text books for the earlier stages of education. Such a system, I have often thought, might have been most advantageously secured for the whole nation, by the Smithsonian Institute. But there have been obstacles in the way. I hope we shall at least gain this desirable object for the South, through the labors of the committee. "By a combination of teachers and printers in the North, from purely mercenary motives, and with no reference to the value of a book, great eonfusion has resulted from the variety of text books introduced. "The experience of one of my neighbors is a common example of a crying evil, which has created needless obstructions and expense to the interests of education. He has a large family of sons and daughters, and has had occasion to send them to a variety of schools far and near. He informs me that he now has on hand a large variety of text books, making up a voluminous library of no use; which books, however, have constituted one of the largest items of his educational expenses. Each child he sends out in succession, must be furnished with an entirely new system of text books. "Judicious action on the part of the committee, I think, may go far to put an end to this evil in the South. The object of the committee will, of course, be not only to select and endorse the best editions of text books, but, as far as possible, to secure uniformity in their use in schools and colleges. "From the known ability and scholarly attainments of the gentlemen on the committee, their conclusions will have great weight; and the public is looking for highly beneficial results from their labors." EDITORIAL MISCELLANY. THOUGH We have a domain which is not much bigger than our Nebraska gives a mile square to each family, which Territory; and we may say the same has quadrupled in extent since the of Greenland with all its icy mountains, whales, and white bears. The whole Government was formed, which is about of the West India Islands together, are as large as Europe with its sixty States, not a great deal bigger than Florida. republics, kingdoms, and empires, with Gen'l Houston's proposed Mexican proall their long lines of royalty, and no-tectorate sets our minds running now bility, and classic fame and name, and in that direction. singularly enough, nearly exactly that of the palmy days of the empires of Rome or Alexander, we still do not hold as much land on the continent of We In another part of the Review, the reader will perceive what Mr. Ruffin, of Virginia thinks of LIBERIA. North America as little Great Britain does at this day; and with all of our have here the opinion of the Farmfillibuster propensities, have not yet ville Journal, which notices the repossessed ourselves of one-third of its turn of two slaves from that quarter. whole extent! We have, in periods of They were emancipated by the late about twenty or twenty-five years, John Watson, of Prince Edward county. swallowed great mouth fulls around us; The sum of $1,000 was left by Mr. and, as another twenty years is coming Watson to carry sixty of his slaves to round, it is full time for our neighbors that "Republic." They give a very to be on the alert, it being still doubt- discouraging account of the trip out and ful to which side we shall turn. The their treatment after they arrived. whole of Mexico would be just such The Journal says: repast in size as was French and Span- "Before leaving the ship, the agent ish Louisiana. Central America would of the Colonization Society induced the cover but little more than half of Texas emigrants to purchase quantities of roundly; the whole of Russian America cheap calico, brass jewelry, &c., assur a EDITORIAL MISCELLANY. 119 ing them that they would need such | South has increased sixty-seven per articles in their new home, but on their cent., the North proper eighty five per arrival they found they had been de- cent., and the Northwest eight hundred ceived and defrauded out of their per cent. money. The provisions carried out for. DR. EDWARD JARVIS, of Massachusetts, their support for the first six months has computed from the mortality rewere sold daily before their eyes, and 46.08 they were compelled to buy provisions ports the following table of LONGEVITY: every day, often of very inferior quality, and insufficient in quantity. The agent employed by the society would sell to the bakers, and the bakers to the emigrants their own provisions-at exorbitant prices, the agent receiving part of the profits." On their arrival they only received a half acre of land, instead of the five acres promised. They found provisions at exorbitant prices, and a good deal of bad treatment besides, from the authorities. They allege that the President of the colony, if not engaged in the slavetrade, connives at it. They have returned to slavery, believing "that freedom to the negro in Africa is the greatest curse that could possibly befall him; and that had the Liberians the means of getting away, seven-eighths of them would gladly return to the United States and serve the hardest masters to be found in the South, feeling that the condition of the slave here is far preferable to that of the most favored of the inhabitants of Liberia. We give the growth of population in the NORTHWEST from 1800 to 1857, thus: In 1800.. 50,240 272,325 occupations. deaths. years. 2 11,741 753,457 11 3,376 161,831 52 4,431 206,337 46.56 18 44.63 Classes of occupations. Others laboring abroad.. No. of Number of Sum of ages, gevity, years. 64.02 9 The difference of longevity in the 1st, 1,460,218 2d, 3d, and 4th classes, shows the effect 2,967,856 of exercise and air upon the protraction 4,721,551 of life, and is worthy of consideration 7,200,000 by all in the selection of employments for themselves or for their children. Longevity in some leading occupations in Massachusetts, N. York, and R. Island. Occupations. This shows that one-third the entire white population of the United States, in the year 1857, was in the six Northwestern States, and that four-fifths of this population here came within thirty years, or the average limit of one generation. Let us now compare the growth Lawyers.. of the Northwest, since 1820, with the Physicians growth of New England and New York Coopers.. Blacksmiths. on one side, and that of the original Southern States on the other, and let Carpenters. us see how they are likely to stand at Masons. the end of another generation: 1820. N. England & N. York. 3,032.624 Average Deaths. longevity. Tanners.... 792,719 7,200,000 Painters.. In the last thirty-seven years the Tailors. THE discussion on the slavery clause of the discipline which took up so much time at the recent General Conference Resolved, That if any annual conference or conferences refuse or neglect to members of such conference or confervote on the aforesaid resolution, the the expunging of the rule. Resolved, That the publication of the the Church papers shall be considered foregoing preamble and resolutions in of the Methodist Church, South, at Nash-ences shall not be counted for or against ville, was ended by the adoption of the following resolutions and preamble: Whereas the rule in the general rules of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, forbiding the "buying and selling of men, women, and children, with an intention to enslave them," is am biguous in its phraseology, and liable to be construed as antagonistic to the institution of slavery, in regard to which the church has no right to meddle, except in enforcing the duties of masters and servants, as set forth in the Holy Scriptures; and whereas a strong desire for the expunction of said rule has been expressed in nearly all parts of our ecclesiastical connection; therefore, Resolved, By the delegates of the annual conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in general conference assembled, that the rule forbiding the "buying and selling of men, women, and children, with an intention to enslave them," be expunged from the general rules of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. a sufficient notification of the action of this conference in the premises. Resolved, That the Bishops are respectfully requested to set forth in the Pastoral Address the platform occupied by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, on the relation of masters and ser vants, agreeably to the principles contained in the foregoing preamble and resolutions. A recent meeting of States Rights and Southern Rights Men, was held at Clinton, Louisiana, when a report, and the following resolutions were submitted by a Committee consisting of Edward Deloney, Gen. Munday, Messrs. Patterson, Cole, and Noons. The recommendations of the Committee are worthy of attention not only in Louisiana, but in all of the Southern States. We like to see the formation of county and parish clubs, and associations, all Resolved, That in adopting the fore- over the South, to promote our organgoing resolution this conference ex-ization and secure a union of councils presses no opinion in regard to the among us. African slave trade, to which the rule in question has been "understood" to refer. Resolved, That the bishops, or others presiding in the annual conferences, be and are hereby instructed to lay the foregoing resolutions before each of the annual conferences at their next ensu ing sessions for their concurrent action. Resolved, That the President of each Annual conference shall be required, as soon as possible after the adjournment of the conference, to report to the book editor the vote on the resolution to expunge the rule in question; and when the book editor shall have received returns from the annual conferences voting on the said resolution, he shall lay the information before one of the bishops; and if it shall be found that there is a concurrence of threefourths of all the members of the annual conferences present, and voting on the resolution in favor of the expunging of the rule, the bishop shall direct the book editor to expunge it accordingly. The resolutions embrace: 1. The restoration and practice of the pure doctrines of States Rights, and a total separation from all ideas and phases of Nationality, as directly opposed to state sovereignty, and tending to central usurpation and injustice. 2. The Constitution, as the only compromise for the South, Opposition and resistance to all others as subversive of the Constitution itself, by a system of bargaining and bartering away the rights of the States; a species of political strategy, or jugglery, unworthy to be countenanced by a highminded and intelligent people. 3. The maintenance of the constitutional rights of the South in full force and unimpaired, and the equality of the slave States within the Union, or independence out of it. 4. Opposition to the measure of constructing a railroad to the Pacific, by the Federal Government, as unwarranted by the constitution, and as a great scheme for public plunder and speculation on the Government, at the |