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from being a disfigurement; in the other they became an ornament. Far different, I am sorry to say, is the case al present. From the various heterogeneous devices which crowd the walls of many of our cathedrals, the beauty of the building, and not unfrequently that of the monuments themselves, is lost. With what emotions, except those of contempt, can we view that hideous jumble of monuments in the Poets' Corner? Yet many of these are specimens of the finest sculpture, and would, if properly disposed, excite our highest admiration. At present, it would be dificult to express the deformity which they occasion, or to reprobate in terms of sufficient severity the want of taste which could request, or permit the erection of them. We are ourselves able to judge how much the striking effect of St. Paul's cathedral is lessened by the splendid monuments lately erected; but in the former instance, beauty and order is exchanged for confusion, irregularity, and absurdity.

Another modern barbarisin consists in the introduction of seats. These were but seldom allowed even in the latter ages of gothic architecture; in the early ages, not at all. The perspective of the long dark aisles, was then unbroken, and, bursling all at once upon the view, it filled the mind with great and sublime ideas suitable to the place of divine worship; church-wardens had not learned in those days to supply the deficiencies of light by means of windows bearing a near resemblance to the garret windows of a gentleman's house; nor did the dull solemnity of a clerk's whining "Amen," teach the people when to assent to the prayers of the minister; the responses were then made by the full voices of the choir, and although there was perhaps less of religion, the means used were better calculated to inspire it. Our present system of church architecture is in many respects grossly absurd and indecorons: every thing seems calculated for ease rather than the performance of religious duties. One custom in particular, of fensive in many respects, is the introduction of iron stoves into our churches. The eye is thereby greatly offended, when the evil complained of is of no great magnitude, or, if it were, might be easily remedied in another way less evidently improper.

Finally, a church should be rendered worthy of the purpose to which it is

dedicated; in it nothing should be wanting, nothing superfluous, but all plain, decorous, and consistent, uniting in producing one idea in the mind; some thing, in short, which may mark it for the house of God. How much soever we may abhor the catholic institution of monasteries, this idea ought not to be carried too far; no means by which the influence of religion over the mind may be promoted ought to be neglected. While due regard is paid to the place of divine worship, volaries will not be wanting. Let us not consider labour and time employed on this subject as thrown away, merely to please the eye, or gratify the taste of the refined antiquarian; the reverence due to the Being who, though he dwells not in temples made with hands, must yet be worship. ped in them, demands this from us, that we would honour his habitation, for the sake of Him who presides over it. C. T. S.

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THE

HE principles upon which. Dr. Malthus fouads his system is, that there is a vast disproportion between the productive power of the ani mal and vegetable worlds, and that the former ought, by legislative restrictions, to be brought nearly to a level with the latter, as the misery of the lower or ders in society is owing to the results of such a disproportion. I mean to combat this opinion. Population is referable either to a rude or polished state of society; and as in the former the soil is not cultivated; the long detail of savage misery he gives, arising from sterility and famine, affords no reason for checking savage population, because the capabilities of the soil have not been explored, nor cau this be expected till the savage state either ter, iminate in the condition of shepherds, or agriculturists. This objection to his favourite principle had certainly escaped the doctor, in that dismal picture of savage misery he exhibits, which, were it allowed to be just, would not advance his argument, because it originates in a contingent and not immutable state of things, which the progress of the arts of civilization will amelior, ate and alter. Man is progressive both in his natural and civil growth; he must be a child, before he can be a

man; and he must be rude before he can be refined. The infelicities of his unpolished state are peculiar to it, but preparatory to a refinement which they will eventually produce. Another objection to this monstrous tenet the doc tor has sported is, that it is contrary to the general laws and process of nature Every animal is produced in a condition protective of its existence. The four elements separately, or in composition, are furuished for its support. In pro portion to the difference of organiza, ton, which comprehends both that of the sex and species, is this provision extended; and although some creatures seem to be necessary as food to others, set all have the kind and quantity of provision designed for them by the provident Parent of nature. Is it then, to be presumed that man, who is at the head of the animal creation, and to whom the rest, by the condition of their being, and his superior ingenuity, are subservient, should be incapable of continuing his species, from a transient or partial sterility of soils, which he can Rake to bloom by the force of his art, which can tame the wild, and indefi nitely extend the breed of domesticated, animals, and which can force nature, where she is reluctant, to supply them and himself with her choicest dainties? in short, is it to be presumed that a being so highly gifted, and with a world to operate upon, chall, as if the outcast of heaven, be doomed, with his progeny, to perish, because, by a principle of their nature, they are produced in a ratio apparently beyond that of the provisions nature destined for their support? Such a supposition is incompatible with the established laws and order of nature, aud is contrary to that mode of existence which each creature enjoys on the immense scale of animated being When the population of society, in a civilized state, is considered, the doc tor's principle betrays still move its imbecility, as if man's strength was to produce its destruction. The fact, which Cobbet with usual imbecility opposes, that population advances with the ex tension of commerce and the arts, evinces the capability of this state of society to support its population, which certainly did not arise, like the infernal Pandemonium of Milton, by diabolical agency, but by a more uniform and copious supply of provisions, resulting from the more vigorous and extensive powers of this refined state of

things to produce them. Effects will ever be in proportion to their causes; and if population increase in this stalg of things, it arises from an inherent energy it possesses to produce such extension. The tree that withered on the bleak side of a mountain, flourishes with expanded branches on the gema plain. In this state, man is not con fired to indigenous productions, how? ever wholesome and extensive, but collects from every quarter of the world the materials both of want and pleas sure; an interchange of commodities is thus established among nations, by which their mutual deficiencies are sup plied; the spontaneons plenty of one clime relieves the oppressed ingenuity of another; wine is exchanged for wool, and the fabricated tool for the rude material of which it was formed, This reciprocity of benefits between difforent nations, both produces popula tion and supports it; it has always donė so, and, by the natural and necessary operation of cause and effect, will con tinne to do so till the consummation of things. I am certainly justifiable in reasoning upon my own principles a well as the doctor is upon his; atd I ask, what instance since the commencement of the world can be produced, where a whole nation was exterminated by the disproportion between its popu lation and provisions; or where an ac cidental pressure of this kind was not mitigated by a friendly intercourse with a neighbouring nation? The longest famine on record is that mentioned in scripture, but it was relieved by the superabundance of Egypt; nor were the children of Israel exterminated by its pressure, for they came out of that country as great and numerous people. The live great empires have disappeared; but was the excess of popula tion the cause? Is there not an inherent principles of decay, operating the de struction of nations, totally distinct from the disproportion that subsists between their population, and the means of its subsistence? Luxury, war, pestilence, earthquakes, disease, in all its forms, accidents by sea or land, and famine," afford sufficient checks on the popula tion of the human species, without any restriction from the civil power, or from the crude and unphilosophical system of a visionary, who wishes to establish his fame upon the ruin of the best part of his species, and upon the execrable good' opinion of the worst.

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HE late Mrs. Warren, wife of Mr. Warren, one of the managers of the Philadelphia and Baltimore theatres, but perhaps, better known as Mrs. Merry, was the eldest sister of Lady Craven. She was justly admired as an actress in this country very early in life; and by all accounts she had very much improved herself by experience and reflection. She had often been invited to return to England, but was so much admired in America, and was in so promising a track to obtain a good fortune in that country, that she declined all overtures. Her conduct in private life was uniformly proper; but this is a character which, it is but justice to say, is due to the whole of her family. The following tribute of respect to her memory we extract from one of the last American papers:

"Could the writer so command his feelings upon the present melancholy occasion, as to enable him to enter into a detail of the excellencies of Mrs. Warren's theatrical characters, it would be superfluous, ber celebrity having long since diffused itself over both her native and this her adopted country.

"In her the American stage has been deprived of its brightest ornament, not more conspicuous from her unrivalled excellence in her profession, than from her having uniformly preserved a spotless and unsullied fame; proving, by her fair example, that an unblemished reputation is by no means incompatible with a theatrical life.

In the circle of her intimate friends her loss will be most poignantly felt; for to them the many virtues and accomplishments which adorned her private life were best known. To a warm, feeling, and affectionate heart, were added that fascinating ease and grace in conversation, which, regulated by au excellent understanding, delighted at the same time that it improved.

"But, alas! that eye is now dim and closed for ever, which has so often communicated its magic influence to the heart; and mute is that tongue whose flexible and silver tones so sympathetically vibrated upon the car of an enraptured audience.-Never could the observation of a celebrated moralist upon a similar occasion be more applicable than upon the present: "Death has eclipsed the gayety of nations, and

diminished the public stock of harmless pleasure."

To the Editor of the European Magazine.

SIR,

HE

letter of Apis, in your last poetical department, concerning the coincidence between Milton and Spenser, on the subject of fire-arms, reminded me of an observation of Halhed's, in p. li. of the preface to the Code of Gentoo Laws. He there remarks, shat the invention of the famous feu Grégeois, the fatal Greek fire (which was the principal cause of Louis IX's defeat in Egypt*) is ascribed by the Pooran shasters to Beeshookerma, who forged the weapons for the war between the good and had spirits. The subline fancy of Milton is then noticed by him, through which he was led to agree with. this tradition; but we know not always how much we are indebted to antiquity and communication. I have no doubt that the idea was conveyed to Europe by the commercial discoveries of the sixteenth century; and thus became known to the English poet, and supplied him with the origin of “those infernal engines.”

Variety of subject is desirable in a magazine: allow me to digress to Mr. Tooke's well known work, the Diversions of Purley, part 2. Mr. T. (p. 500) censures Sir Thomas More for his distinction between Nay and No.

“No aunswereth the question framed by the affirmative. As for ensample; If a manne should aske Tindall bymselfe,-Ys an heretike mete to translate holy Scripture into Englishe? Lo, to thys question,”-"he must answere Nay, and not No.

But and if the question be asked hym thus, lo-Is not an heretique mete to translate Holy Scripture into English? To this question, lo, if he will answer truc English, he must answere No and not nay.'

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I think that Sir T. More, when he made this distinction, had the remark of Quinctilian in his thoughts (lib. i. c.,9.) respecting me and non. "Qui dicat, pro illo ne feceris, non feceris, incidal in vitium : quia alterum negandi

est, alterum vetandi."

I remain, sir,

Your obedient servant, SYMPHORUS.

* See Savary.

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Act I. Scene I.

A view of the river Sierra Leone; a ship in the distance appears riding at anchor; the fore-ground exhibits a rude shore, embellished with groupcs of majestic trees; the back ground on the further side of the river displays purple, blue, and red coloured mountains, in some parts bare, in others clothed with vegetation; their tops are enveloped in clouds, and the whole series seem to vanish into the aerial perspective. Shouting and singing is heard without.

Enter Captain HATCHWAY, STERN, the Boatswain, GANGWAY, BOB Boom, and other Sailors.

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Stern. Rascals, to despise my authority, the authority of an old sailor that has been, man and boy but no matter; you remember when Hawke drove the French up the river Villaine.

Captain Hatchway. Blockhead 1 I remember that glorious action? Why it was thirty years before I was born.

Stern. Belike it was; but I thought, every one, born or unborn, must remember that; I was not so high as a coil of cable. Jack Rig, he was a comical dog, he fell into my arms in the battle of the Nile-he used to call me the Baby, when I first went on board. He lodged at the sign of "There's Life in a Muscle;" and there one day

Captain Hatchway. Avast, lubber! Don't begin one of your long stories, because that will last to the end of the voyage-But tell me what I shall do with these fellows.

Stern. Shall I try the cat?

Captain Hatchway. By no means. Stern. Then the best way is to let them alone. When we anchored in Funchal Bay, you know what sort of a passage we had

Captain Hatchway. Well, never mind our passage.

Stern. I am sure Davy Jones was concerned in it, though.

Captain Hatchway. You think I had better to let them alone.

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-We sɗon Palma wine shall be quaffing; Then we'll dance to killaras,"

Lik. Faikast or fines,

And jom in a Chorus of laughing.

CHORUS.

Then we'll dance to killaras, &c. Tho' beauties we la k, We shall bind them all black, Yet why we a moment shoula vex; As a general lover,

I cannot decover

All women are deen''d the fair ser.

CHORUS.

No general lover
Will ever discover, &e..

[Sailors huzza, &c.

¦ Gangway.' Come, my lads, push out your running bowsprits, crowd 'sail, and after the gins of sech commodities I am an old smuggler. [Exeunt Sailors. ' Captain Hatchway, stern, go after those fellows, and, if you can, keep them together. If they straggle too far from shore, I know not what will

come of it.

Stern. I do, your honour; they'll get all the natives about their ears.. When our ship dropped anchor in the Tagus, just abreast of a conventI was then a young fellow

Captain Hatchway, wish you had continued so; for you are a most garruloas oid one: however, see after them.

Stein. See after them; oh, Lord! they are out of sight long ago; if they are not out of hearing, I'll try if I can pipe them upon deck (pipes). I am afraid it won't do; I want caulking my self; every thing grows old. Our frigate, which your honour commands, begins to feel the effects of age; to be sure she was the greatest beauty when she first came off the stocks - Coptain Mulchway. Well, go after the men: I am auxions.

- Stern. What Shall I do with them? Captain liatch say. Put them in the stocks, if you please.

Stern. Well, Fl go. Our frigate was the most beautiful creature; I loved her better than I did my first wife, Bet Blossom, though she was a good girl, and so is Nan, and Peg, and little Sall, that our gunner, who goes partners with me in the concern, calls the Swivel," because she'll turn any way. I wish we had them here, they'd be all

*The African liites.. ... Dale,und female dancers.

queens in this country. They love whites here, and I don't know those have any thing black about them, but their eyes. [Exit STERN. Cupinin Hatchway (solus). That's an honest fellow, but a most tedious companion. Gentlemen, well met.

Enter TRANSITe and Invoice.

I see you are punctual to your appointinent. Welcome to the African coast.

Transit. After thanking you, captain, for the protection that you have afforded us, I must observe, that, however interest might induce me to undertake African coast will not be favourable to voyage, I very much fear that the

this

us.

Alaves are not to be had.

Captain Hatchway. Heaven forbid they should, in any plenty; though there may be instances of crimes where the infliction of slavery is a mild commutation for deatir.

Invoice. True: but these are not exactly the slaves that my friend Transit wishes for: where the habit is thoroughly depraved, he would much rather leave the parties to the operation of their own laws.

Captain Hatchway. Very likely: but when we know that those laws, emanating from indigenous ferocity, are frequently strained beyond their usual bearing, I deem it humanity to step in and oppose British power to the influence of African ignorance and brutality..

Invoice. That idea is noble, generous, and worthy yourself and your nation. I remember to have heard that you rescued your servant Jago from the flames,

Captain Hatchway. I did, and have been rewarded in his fidelity and attachment; he has been the preserver of my life.

Transit. You fell overboard; he dashed after you: but you know the Africans are amphibious.

Captain Patchway. I am still not the less obiged to him: but to the purpose of your voyage; you will I hepe be disappointed of slaves; but, s'ill anxious for the commerce of iny country, I also hope you will turn your ventare to a good account-elephants' teeth, gold dust, colton, and the variety of rich articles which this luxurious land produces-

-Cransit. Will probably bring us home; but still slaves are our principal commodity. If the natives were foolish

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