Dem. Brown.... Ran. Clinton...... Warren...... 1038 ) Bollinger Den, 1233 Dent 223 577 Iron... 493 Hardin IV. 153 KENTUCKY. OHIO. CONGRESS. GOVERNOR (Continued.) Dem. Dem. Districts. Opp. Dem. VI. Dennison. Ranney. Blair, Barrett. VI. Richardson. Phelps. Adams 1405 1758 672 630 1657 2275 Pulaski... 118 255 2689 2988 2168 2175 Barrett over Blair, 426.* Stone Highland 118 178 Total.. 9191 7919 124 573 Maj. for Ranney, 1,272. 41 409 Webster VII. 526 Den. 1019 1721 299 394 Fayette 1093 761 493 Audrain. Greene....... 2466 1362 18424 929 Madison...... 1018 2689 1616 867 1696 VII. Zeigler, Noell. 186 528 Total.. 8987 5686 956 98 211 1240 ) Cape Girard'u 734 548 Maj. for Dennison, 3,801. Ran. VIII. 52 463 Champaign .. 1732 1612 227 Ralls 2249 Clarke 1574 902 Franklin Delaware.... 2353 1776 767 1650 1238 Union.. 1241 910 Jefferson 10902 Madison.... 81 554 246 Total.. 9230 7110 Mississippi... 126 715 843 Maj. for Dennison, 2,120. IX. Len. Ran. Perry 150 759 Crawford 1550 2258 Phelps.. 1152 1127 173 Marion 1833 1891 598 1021 823 578 Ripley 511 Scott.... 298 1473 1822 536 1997 Shannon. 12 Seneca 2461 2661 786 389 1295 1890 993 826 St. Francois 319 608 504 545 Stoddard.... 217 Total 9597 11227 507 843 Washington.. 273 702 Maj. for Ranney, 1,630. 195 512 Wayne 200 X. 458 Ran. Den. 464 1266 Gallia... 1365 1357 Total... 5808 1198 1239 460 550 1246 Lawrence.... 1450 Maj. for Noell, 4,596. Pike 669 1085 1128 1412 At the same election a Rogs 2587 2689 Scioto 1603 1424 tendent of Public Schools, Total 7824 12439 } at which Starke, Dem., was Total. 8977 9039 chosen over Provines, Am., Maj. for Ranney, 162. XI. Den, Ran. 502 253 Athens 1843 1237 449 617 Fairfield..... 1394 2821 Ohio-1859. Hocking.. 976 1897 727 853 Meigs 1912 1437 221 1898 2281 Vinton 979 1049 952 928 Johnson... 515 850 / Hamilton....13285 14178 450 176 III. Maj. for Ranney, 1,220. Ran. 2238 3479 XII. Den, Rani 285 868 / Montgomery. 4747 4615 ) Franklin..... 3762 4634 207 3080 3438 Pickaway 1710 2147 Total.. 9246 9590 Maj. for Ranney, 844. Total...... 8502 10219 IV. Maj. for Ranney, 1,717. 1574 1656 XIIL Den, Ran 696 1983 1535 1277 Erie.. 10 826 Darke.. 2201 2454 Huron...... 2924 1568 59 1770 2722 1839 Richland 2785 2952 241 242 Shelby 1352 1517 528 Cedar.... Total.. 9561 7825 Maj. for Dennison, 1,736. 663 462 272 715. Den, Ran 950 Ashland ..... 1834 1914 8391 1689 168 350 Fulton... 1037 707 Medina... 2413 1457 156 97 Hancock 1674 1796 Wayne ..... 2944 3285 670 841 855 878 Lucas 2225 2073 3845 Den. Ran 36 472 Putnam 785 1087 Coshocton .. 2198 2461 McDonald 153 346 Van Wart ... 897 865 Holmes... 1241 1964 2603 2533 1429 1021 Tuscarawas.. 2831 2778 Osage 427 451 Total... ..11017 10812 Total..... 8973 9786 2 Maj. for Dennison, 205. Maj. for Ranney, S63. Dem. } Perry 773 Barton 366 492 Dade.. 1083 Lorain 1439 Greene.. 9295 Laclede ..10582 Rep. Total..... 1464 Jay ..... 1209 Wells....... 4115 Lapeer 153 Wayne Lake ..... Trumbull.... 2041 3 Saginaw... 1039 Morgan OHIO. INDIANA. CONGRESS-(Continued.) Districts. Rep. Dem. Districts. Dem. Dem. Districts. Rep. Dem. XVI. Dennison. Ranney, III. Martin, Folch. III. Dunn. Hughes. x. Case. D&WBOT Morgan 1885 1808 Kalamazoo .. 2326 1518 Lawrence 1095 880 Noble.. 1278 1080 Muskingum... 8604 8467 Kent.. 8199 1075 1113 441 Washington.. 2198 1781 Mason 73 32 Switzerland.. 1121 1083 Whitley 776 866 Montcalm 469 814 Total...... 7637 6556 Newago 287 245 Total...... 9363 8385 Total.. 10780 9417 Blaj. for Dennison, 1,081. Oceana... 124 132 Maj. for Case, 1,363. Ottawa 1643 1076 Carr, A. L. Dem., 1,432. XVII, Den. Ran. XI, Pettit. Cottroth, Dunn over Hughes, 978. Adams... 474 842 Guernsey 2103 1663 IV. Hackleman. Holman. Blackford.... 251 379 Monroe.. 757 1585 22804 2335 Grant... 17887 Dearborn.... 1472 1297 978 Noble Decatur ..... 1672 1444 Hamilton..... 1471 1355 1003 Franklin..... 1264 2135 Howard IV. 1009 Martin, 622 Felch. Ohio Total.. 6588 7194 Alpena ... 424 492 Huntington .. 1218 88 1895 Maj. for Ranney, 606. 1381 145 847 772 Rush ........ 1643 1555 Madison 1 111 1451 XVIII. Cheboygan Tipton.. 505 Chippewa.. 627 2038 Total.. 7856 9425 S Wabash Starke 21 Emmett 1797 3725 1126 147 4005 Summit... Maj. for Holman, 1,569. 670 849 Gr'd Traverse 295 137 Kilgore, Devlin. Total......10748 10038 Houghton 152 7777 878 Delaware..... 1293 718 Maj. for Dennison, 1,128. Ingham 1861 Maj. for Pettit, 710. 43 4 Henry. 1956 912 AGGREGATE VOTE OF STATE, 25 Randolph... Republicans. 1476 743 640 Sec. State. . Peelle... 104828 Geauga 1881 529) Mackinac.. 27 2750 1665 Auditor.... Lange...105493 1807 538 Macomb.. 1932 1671 Treasurer..Harper..105416 Manistee.. 82 47 Total.. 9383 5921 Atty Gen...Otto.....105757 Total...... 9522 5182 Manitou... 14 23 Maj. for Kilgore, 3,462. & Pub. Ins.Young,..105014 Maj. for Dennison, 4,340. Marquette.... 120 159 Democrats. VI. Porter, Ray: Sec. State..McClure, 107409 875 1040 Auditor....Dodd....107242 Ashtabula 8787 1049 Ontonagon 154 141 Hendricks.... 1662 1174 ) Treasurer.Cun'g'm.107634 Mahoning 2424 989 911 Atty Gen. .McDon'd 107291 3143 908 Marion 817 8956 3054 S. Pub, In8.Rugg ...107910 Shiawasse 1150 1590 1402 Total...... 9304 4881 St. Clair 1932 1579 * Anti-Lecompton Democrats, 1631 Maj. for Dennison, 4,423. Tuscola...... 621 299 Total.. 10776 9716 XXI. Den, Ran. Illinois-1858. Columbiana... 8125 2235 Maj. for Martin, 2,607. VIL, *Davis. Secrest. Harrison 1764 1884 Clay CONGRESS. TOTAL VOTE OF THE STATE. 1822 Greene 1266 1112 Districts. Rep. Doug Martin, Rep., 65,916 Owen 1190 759 I. Washburne. Bright Total...... 8783 6696 Felch, Dem......... 53,681 Parke 1795 507 Boone...... 1704 286 Putnam Carroll, .. Maj. for Dennison, 2,087. 1820 1656 1187 256 Maj. for Martin, .. 12,235 Sullivan 1122 1100 Jo Daviess... 1988 1476 TOTAL VOTE OF THE STATE. Vermillion.. 515 Lake 907 1677 620 Dennison, Rep.,. 2224 1951 1226 McHenry..... 1081 Ogle 2092 815 Ranney, Dem., . 171,266 Total... 10893 2140 7584 Stephenson. 1489 Winnebago 2899 434 Maj. for Dennison, 13,236 Maj. for Davis, 3,309. VIII, Wilson, Blake. Total......15811 6457 Boone... 1500 1380 *Hovey. Niblack. Jackson, A.L.D., 370. 1385 1032 1882 Michigan-1859. Washburne over Bright, Dubois 191 1117 1184 1346 CHIEF JUSTICE. Fountain 1072 9,354. 1580 II. Farnsworth. Dyer. Districts. . Rep. 1206 Montgomery.. 1936 Knox. 1042 Dem. 10108 8273 I. Martin, De Kalb.... 2067 612 2321 Pike.... 569 643 612 Du Page. 496 Livingston... 1713 1810 Posey 1299 1809 Waghtenaw 3231 Total... 3172 8088 Spencer 11028 1121 10387 Kane....... 1210 907 Lee 1638 Wayne ...... 8894 Maj. for Wilson, 641. 689 4212 Vanderburgh. 1846 1163 Rock Island.. 1542 1302 1097 Colfax. Walker. Whiteside.... 1990 700 Total...... 11540 11431 Benton 279 204 Maj. for Martin, 109. Total. 8946 10329 Cass 1527 1477 Total......21797 13198 Maj. for Niblack, 1,383. Fulton. 888 927 IL Martin. Felch, Blackman, A.L.D., 701. Jasper 643 483 Branch...... 2191 1221 II. Wilson, English. Lake F'worth over Dyer, 8,599. 1063 550 1129 1446 Lovejoy. Armstrong. Hillsdale 2613 1501 Crawford 533 716 Marshall. 1215 1122 2546 607 Lenawee 3865 2537 Floyd 1535 1551 900 Monroe...... 1714 1850 Harrison..... 1367 De Witt 992 1146 755 1025 St. Joseph ... 1934 1428 Orange..... 611 994 Pulaski. 999 715 420 1199 744 2067 St. Joseph 556 708 Kankakee 852 1366 Washington.. 1102 809 Kendall Maj. for Martin, 4,052. 1423 756 405 La Salle.. 4040 8438 III. Martin, Felch. Total. 7434 9298 14541 12610 Livingston.... 986 Alagan 1293 M'Lean 2570 2150 Barry 1535 Maj. for Colfax, 1,981. Putnam 582 299 Berrien 1816 1941 III. Dunn. Hughes. X Case. Dawson. Vermillion.... 1661 112€ Calhoun.. 2915 2063 S Bartholomew. 1840 1227 Allen.. 1949 2707 S Will.. 2678 2198 Clinton.. 2432 1181 Brown.. 253 548 S De Kalb, 1047 1157 Eaton. 1758 1832 Jackson. 778 1249 Elkhart.. 1971 1649 Total... 22313 14988 Gratiot... 449 241 S Jefferson 2378 1491 Kosciusco.... 1584 1057 Le Roy, A.L.D., 1,828. Ionia. ..... 1887 1223Jennings 948 La Grange... 1062 460 L’joy over Armst'g, 7,325. Daviess...... Clinton....... Gibson ...... 2021 > Cook ... 1280 III. 1429 Miami 552 Grundy.. 1586 Iroquois 1522 S White....... Total..... 794 1396 .. 1823 ELECTION RETURNS-ILLINOIS, WISCONSIN, OREGON AND IOWA. 247 Fulton....... Total..... 805 Henry Total.... 662 Taylor .... 1016 ILLINOIS. ILLINOIS. Iowa-1859. GOVERNOR. Districts. Rep. Dem. Districts. Rep. Dem. Districts. Rep Dem. Districts. Rep. Dem. IV. Kellogg. Davidson, IX. Phillips, Logan. II. Kirkwood. Dodge, 2930 8224 Hardin 46 856 Dunn.. 192 120 76 Henry. 2242 1101 Jackson 79 1225 Eau Claire... 320 233 Adams 177 122 Knox. 2965 1820 Johnson 7 1157 Grant... 2496 1715 Audubon 58 60 Marshall 1203 627 955 Mason.. 822 179 152 Mercer 1419 462 351 Peoria.. 2601 530 448 Stark. 929 584 Saline 8 1143 La Crosse.... 1219 1034 ) Davis 717 1142 Tazewell 1783 1960 Union 65 819 Lafayette.. 1102 1514 Decatur 390 771 Warren 1732 1406 S Wabash 896 623 Lapointe 72 109 Desmoines.... 1704 1923 Woodford 811 1152 White 611 1250 Marathon... 206 509 Fremont. 293 504 Williamson 43 1554 Monroe... 999 578 Guthrie. 257 260 19487 16860 Wayne 804 1195 Pepin 432 255 Harrison 297 351 Gale, A.L.D., 553. Pierce. 1596 998 Kellogg over D'son, 2,627. 2796 15878 Polk 161 946 705 Parish, A.L.D., 144. Portage 743 592 Jefferson 1282 1192 V. Grimshaw, Morris. 745 Adams 647 Keokuk 1043 1025 4089 Brown.. 1578 Lee Rock..... 2159 2392 516 Calhoun .. St. Croix. 560 Louisa 171 507 Instruction, Bateman, Rep., 956 679 Hancock.. 7993 Lucas 1659 Sauk .. 521 457 ; 134 Madison... 651 729 Henderson 1001 755 French, Doug., 122,418; Trempeleau.. 866 235 McDonald ... 1774 Wood 280 Mahaska 1944 Reynolds, Buch., 5,178. 1212 1137 Pike.. Marion 1991 2471 1256 1438 For Treas’r, Miller, Rer., Total..... 262 245 Schuyler..... 1063 1489 received 125,430; Fondey, Maj. for Randall, 6,111. Monroe. 749 665 Douglas Dem., 121,609; Total.. 11648 115 13529 Dougherty, Buch'n Dem., IIL. 377 Davis, A.L.D., 504. 333 Brown... 5,071. Page 423 1066 Calumet.. 518 678 1078 1019 600 Potawatomie. 295 1646 VI. Matheny. Harris. Poweshiek 595 Cass. 411 3492 3856 743 Dodge.. 1068 LINCOLN AND DOUGLAS. 260 125 Door Ringgold 72 78 Christian 591 923 78 Shelby 96 2530 Greene 765 1517 At this election, Messrs. Fond du Lac.. 3214 304 257 Jersey. 574 1059 Lincoln and Douglas can- Green Lake.. 1453 Union 151 193 2327 2512 Macoupin. 1615 2093 vassed the State for U. 8. Jefferson 167 1402 567 Van Buren... 1897 780 1260 Wapello 704 Manitowoc... 2054 Legislature then elected; Morgan.. 2134 1789 Warren 987 609 Montgomery.. 786 1222 and while Mr. Douglas car: Marquette.... 556 792 352 946 Washington.. 1203 446 Bangamon. 2803 3010 ried a majority of the Legis- Oconto ... 416 535 Wayne 627 1577 Bcott 1002 lature, Mr. Lincoln had the Ozaukee 650 733 Shelby 550 Total..... 26663 26755 87 gate vote of the State for Shawanaw.... 105 1539 Maj. for Dodge, 92. 16193 members of the Legislature Sheboygan... 1772 Washington.. 684 2106 II. Kirkwood. Dodge, Harris over Math'y, 4,547. Waupacca.... 1167 624 Allamakee... 743 1025 Lincoln, Rep.,... 124,698 Waushara 1126 380 Benton 914 782 VIL. Oglesbv. Robinson. Douglas, Dem.,.. 121,190 Winnebago .. 2235 1570 Black Hawk.. 815 550 Clay 424 712 Buch. Dem., and Boone.... 293 413 Clark. 1076 1405 Scattering, .. 4,683 Total... 24113 25853 Bremer... 417 433 Coles.. 1859 1578 Lincoln over Douglas, 3,508. Maj. for Hobart, 1,770. Buchanan.... 816 570 Cumberland.. 488 696 TOTAL VOTE OF THE STATE. Buena Vista.. 2 6 Crawford 693 922 In Five Districts of the Butler... 474 246 Edgar 1446 1431 / State there were no Repub- Randall, Rep.,.... 63465 Calhoun .... 17 17 Effingham.. 214 803 } lican Candidates for the Hobart, Dem.,...... 59508 Carroll 30 80 Fayette 605 842 Legislature. In these five Cedar 1152 1002 Jasper 459 619 Districts, the Republican Maj. for Randall,.. 8957 | Cerro Gordo.. 117 72 Lawrence. 455 662 State Ticket received 577 Cherokee..... 12 Logan... 1315 1174 votes, which, added to the Chickasaw... 439 808 Macon 1168 939 vote of Mr. Lincoln (to which Clay. 3 9 Moultrie. 513 570 they clearly belong), makes Clayton 1630 1429 Piatt 546 480 his majority in this State, Oregon-1859. Clinton.... 1605 1521 Richland ... 499 755 over Douglas, 4,085. Crawford 45 55 CONGRESS. Delaware..... 844 894 Total... 11760 13588 Counties. Rep. Dem. Dickinson.... 81 15 Baldwin, A.L.D., 36. Logan. Stout. Dubuque :751 3153 R’son over Oglesby, 1,828. Wisconsin-1859. Benton... 222 18 5 Clackamas 880 379 Fayette 102 849 VIII. Baker. Fouke. GOVERNOR. Clotsop.. 54 495 Floyd Bond... 281 731 700 Districts. Dem. Columbia... 201 51 Clinton.. 877 883 1. 52 126 146 Jefferson 288 1193 Kenosha..... 1821 54 37 110 Madison.. 17 Grundy 839 192 105 Marion 575 1142 Racine 2111 218 19 14 Monroe.. 569 1149 Walworth..... 3133 1459 Josephine 211 645 458 Randolph.. 917 1090 > Waukesha. 532 535 336 279 St. Clair 2464 2058 Linn.. 602 49 29 Washington.. 435 1090 Total..... 12161 4 3 Maj. for Hobart, 384. Multnomah.. 563 434 Iowa 765 549 Total.... 8410 11490 II. 1273 1477 Hope, A.L.D., 198. Adams 594 293 5 Johnson 1602 1395 Pouke over Baker, 3,080. Bad Ax... 995 619 Umpqua. 182 1161 1153 IX. Phillips. Logan. Buffalo 264 255 Kossuth 75 37 Alexander. 41 878 > Chippewa..... 156 248 Washington.. 356 1771 1345 Edwards.... 395 267 Clarke 71 412 142 Franklin. 19 1030 Crawford 619 748 Mitchell 516 204 Gallatin 207 815 Dane... 8727 8880 Total...... 5681 105 10€ Hamilton 6 84 60 Muscatine ... 1457 1361 .... 11646 422 Emmet 63 72 Franklin. 9063 Curry 6251 Douglass • 2785 2295 Lane.. 296 Ida 284 Jackson Dem. ..... 53311 IOWA. ALABAMA. grounds of greater derotion Districts. Rep. Dem. Districts. Rep. to the interests of the South, II. Kirkwood. Dodge. Counties. Rep. Dem. A.L.D. Ramsey. Becker. Palo Alto but exhibited only a feeble 3 44 3 Rice.. Stanford. Latham. Currey. 1045 828 Plymouth.... 24 43 2159 1303 } show of strength, Andrew B. 11 ) Scott Siskiyou .. 552 917 Pocahontas 827 Moore, regular Dem., being 16 17 Sherburne ... Solano.... 88 1172 181 68 Sac 28 over Sonoma.. 37 Sibley 64 1981 1148 reëlected Governor 8C3 526 18 Scott. 889 106 { Wm. F. Samford, Independ Stanislaus. 2208 1625 3 Stearns. 875 660 87 695 Story 169 ent, by about 20,000 major. Sutter 895 858 Steele 448 178 Tama 770 Tehama 92ity. The Regulars also ear. 500 85 295 Todd.. No return. Webster 829 ried the entire Delegation in 252 333 Wabashaw... 4 1285 Trinity 793 512 Winnebago, Congress; the only close 11 24 } Waseca Tulare and 859 254 11 821 B'na Vista 63 contest being in the Third Winneshiek.. 1022 771 | Washington.. 953 707 737 (Montgomery) Dist., where Tuolumne 969 8723 Woodbury... 132 163 Winona 1209 814 66 Yolo...... 757 Worth.. 26} Wright 668 } Clopton, Regular Dem., beat 98 579 265 Wright 80 Yuba..... 437 2442 1471 Judge, Independent, by 214 majority. St. Louis, 88 119 Total 29741 26556 Lake, Total..10110 62255 81298 Latham over C’rey, 80957; Mississippi. 21835 17583 over both, 20847. TOTAL VOTE OF THE STATE. An Election was held in Maj. for Ramsey, 3,752. Kirkwood, Rep., 56404 AGGREGATE VOTE ON OTHER this State for Governor, LEGISLATURE. Dodge, Dem.,.... STATE OFFICERS. State Officers, and CongressSENATE. Rep., 23; Dem., 18; Republicans. men, in 1859, which resulted Maj. for Kirkwood, 3093 Independent, 1. Lt. Goo....Kennedy, 11148 } in the success of the DemoHouse.. Rep., 58; Dem., 22. } Congress .. Baker,... 41438 cracy by more than three to Sibley,... 301 one, Pettus, Dem., for Ga Minnesota-1859. Sup. Court.Shafter.. 11799} vernor, receiving 34,559 votes to 10,308 for Walter, Democrats. The Demo Lt. Goo.... Downey,. 59051 Independent. Congress .. Burch .:: 57665 } cratic Candidates for other Scott .... 56998) State Officers ran ahead of Anoka.. 883 165 Mr. Pettus. For Congress there was hardly a show of Blue Earth.. 784 560 Alameda.. 299 1066 664 Anti-Lecompton Democrats. Brown opposition to the Democra843 Lt. Gov.... Conness.. 31051 800 Amador... 232 2023 985 tic candidates. Congress .. Booker .. 2969 McKibben 43474 Florida. Crow Wing... 8 55 Con'a Costa 41 805 878 Baker, Rep., was generally Dakota... 1007 1056 Del Norte. 18 892 126 supported by the Anti-Le- The last general Electior Dodge. 593 444 El Dorado. 408 3096 2413 compton Democrats, and in this State was for Con. Farribault 210 109 Fresno.... 1 859 McKibben by the Republi- gress, in 1858, when both Fillmore.... 1899 candidates were Democrats. Freeborn 438 2273 Klamath.. 1 607 120 Hawkins, the regular DemoGoodhue... 1220 706 Los Ang'ls 220 1916 49 crat, receiving 6,465 votes, Hennepin 2018 1117 Marin 67 467 75 South Carolina. and Westcott, Independent Houston...... 675 716 | Mariposa. 8 1462 919 Dem., 4,070. There is no opposition to what is termed the Regular Kannabec 9 6 Monterey.. 46 495 175 Democracy in this state, and Kandiyohi... Arkansas. 14 no officers are elected by the 905 Le Sueur 577 625 Nevada... 581 8185 2534 entire vote of the State, the There is not sufficier Manomin. No return. Placer...: 896 3226 1117 Governor and State officers, opposition to the Regula Martin 18 10 Plumas... 193 882 649 as well as the Presidential Democracy in this state to McLeod 197 95 Sacram'to. 228 3526 2678 Electors, being chosen by create the slightest interes Meeker. 147 103 San Bern'o 39 532 6 the Legislature. in the elections. At the las Mille Lac No return. San Diego. 17 259 1 election for Congressmer Monongalia.. 47 30 San Fran'o3027 4747 2943 Morrison.. (1858) in the First Districty Alabama. 88 115 San Joa'in 209 1806 878 Hindman, Dem., received Mower 412 488 S. Luis Ob'o 80 284 80 An Election was held in 18,255 votes, to 2,853 for Nicollett. 424 227 San Mateo 105 420 418 this State in 1859, for Go-Crosby, Independent; and, Olmsted 1119 777 Santa B'ra 35 431 vernor, Congressmen and in the Second District, Rust, Pine 6 28 Santa Clara 626 1407 367 Legislature, in which the Dem., received 16,802 to Pembina.. No return. Santa Cruz 150 499 451 opposition to the regular 3,114 for Jones, and 8,452 Ramsey.. 1485 1778 Shasta.... 8 1456 432 Democracy claimed the suf- for Drew, Independent CAL. Renville 8 37 Sierra 295 2814 1666 sagrou of the people, on the didates. Isanti........ APPENDIX. RESOLUTIONS OF 98' AND '99. As the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of been justly deemed the only effectual guardian of every 1798 and 1799, form a portion of the Demo- other right. cratic National Platforms, we give them a place fied the Federal Constitution, expressly declared, that That this State having by its Convention, which ratihere: among other essential rights, “the liberty of conscience and the press cannot be canceled, abridged, restrained, THE VIRGINIA RESOLUTIONS. or modified by any authority of the United States," and from its extreme anxiety to guard these rights from The following resolutions passed the Vir- every possible attack of sophistry and ambition, having ginia House of Delegates on the 21st of Decem- with other States recommended an amendment for that ber, 1798, and were agreed to by the Senate purpose, which amendment was, in due time, annexed to the Constitution, it would mark a reproachful incousisthree days later, on the 24th December. These tency, and criminal degeneracy, if an indifference were Resolutions are understood to have been writ- now shown to the most palpable violation of one of the ten by Mr. Madison. rights, thus declared and secured; and to the establish ment of a precedent which may be fatal to the other. Resolved, That the General Assembly of Virginia doth That the good people of this Commonwealth hay. unequivocally express a firm resolution to maintain and ing ever felt, and continuing to feel, the most sincere defend the Constitution of the United States, and the affection for their brethren of the other States, the constitution of this state, against every aggression, either truest anxiety for establishing and perpetuating the foreign or domestic; and that they will support the Go- Union of all, and the most scrupulous fidelity to that vernment of the United States in all measures warranted Constitution which is the pledge of mutual friendship and by the former. the instrument of mutual happiness, the General AssemThat this Assembly most solemnly declares a warm at- bly doth solemnly appeal to the like dispositions in the tachment to the Union of the States, to maintain which other States, in confidence that they will concur with this it pledges its powers; and, that for this end, it is their Commonwealth in declaring, as it does hereby declare, duty to watch over and oppose every infraction of those that the acts aforesaid are unconstitytional; and that principles which constitute the only basis of that Union, the necessary and proper measures will be taken by each because a faithful observance of them can alone secure for coöperating with this State, in maintaining, unimits existence and the public happiness. paired, the authorities, rights, and liberties, reserved to That this Assembly doth explicitly and perempto the States respectively, or to the people. rily declare, that it views the powers of the Federal That the governor be desired to transmit a copy of the Government, as resulting from the compact to which foregoing resolutions to the executive authority of each the States are parties, as limited by the plain sense of the other States, with a request that the same may be and intention of the instrument constituting that com communicated to the legislature thereof; and that a copy pact, as no farther valid than they are authorized by the be furnished to each of the Senators and Representatives grants enumerated in that compact; and that, in case of representing this state in the Congress of the United a deliberate, palpable, and dangerous exercise of other States. powers not granted by the said compact, the States, who THE KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS. are parties thereto, have the right, and are in duty bound, to interpose, for arresting the progress of the evil, The following resolutions, drafted by Thomas and for maintaining within their respective limits the Jefferson, passed the Kentucky House of Re. authorities, rights, and liberties, appertaining to them. That the General Assembly doth also express its deep presentatives on the 10th of Nov., 1798, and regret, that a spirit has, in sundry instances, been mani. were agreed to by the Senate on the 13th of fested by the Federal Government, to enlarge its powers the same month : by forced constructions of the constitutional charter which defines them;and that indications have appeared 1. Resolved, That the several States composing the of a design to expound certain general phrases (which, United States of America, are not united on the princihaving been copied from the very limited grant of powers ple of unlimited submission to their general government; in the former Articles of Confederation, were the less but that by compact, under the style and title of a Conliable to be misconstrued) so as to destroy the meaning stitution for the United States, and of amendments and effect of the particular enumeration which neces- thereto, they constituted a general government for spesarily explains and limits the general phrases, and so as cial purposes, delegated to that government certain to consolidate the States by degrees into one sovereignty, definite powers, reserving, each State to itself, the resi. the obvious tendency and inevitable result of which duary mass of right to their own self-government; and, would be, to transform the present republican system of that whensoever the General Government assumes undethe United States into an absolute, or at best, a mixed legated powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and monarchy. of no force; that to this compact each State acceded as That the General Assembly doth particularly protest a State, and is an integral party ; that this government, against the palpable and alarming infractions of the Con- created by this compact, was not made the exclusive or stitution, in the two late cases of the “Alien and Sedition final judge of the extent of the powers delegated to Acts,” passed at the last session of Congress; the first of itself; since that would have made its discretion, and which exercises a power nowhere delegated to the Federal not the Constitution, the measure of its powers; but, Government, and which, by uniting legislative and judi. that, as in all other cases of compact among parties hav. cial powers to those of the executive, subverts the general ing no common judge, each party has an equal right to principles of free government, as well as the particular judge for itself, as well of infractions as of the mode and organization and positive provisions of the Federal Con- measure of redress. stitution; and the other of which acts exercises, in like 2. Resolved, that the Constitution of the United States manner, a power not delegated by the Constitution, but, having delegated to Congress a power to punish treason, on the contrary, expressly and positively forbidden by counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the one of the amendments thereto; a power which, more United States, piracies and felonies committed on the than any other, ought to produce universal alarm, be- high seas, and offenses against the laws of nations, and cause it is leveled against the right of freely exam- no other crimes whatever; and it being true, as a geneining public characters and measures, and of free com. ral principle, and one of the amendments to the Conmunication among the people thereon, which has ever stitution having alsc declared, “ that the powers not |
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