they kept up with undiminished zeal and energy. My volunteer aid, General Wigfall, remained with me also, conspicuous for his courage, coolness, and intelligence. Major Meade and Lieutenant Johnson, of the engineer corps, were assigned to duty at my headquarters, at the beginning of the campaign, and were very energetic and untiring in their efforts to discover the various positions of the enemy.

I desire to render my thanks to the medical staff of my command, of which Surgeon Cullen is chief, for their humane and protracted efforts in the care of the wounded. The most untiring and unremitting attention was displayed by these officers, both after the actions of the twentyseventh and thirtieth, and I refer to the report of Chief-Surgeon Cullen for especial mention of the conduct of the subordinates.

ing that his troops (rather fresh) would expect personal staff, displayed their usual gallantry and early cooperation, I ordered several batteries alacrity. After five days of night and day work, forward, hurriedly, in order to assure those troops that we were in position. The enemy's batteries returned the fire immediately, and with great rapidity. One battery was found to be so near our front line that I ordered Colonel Jenkins to silence it. The enemy was found to be in such force there, however, that the engagement was brought on at once, four o'clock. Troops were thrown forward as rapidly as possible to the support of the attacking columns. Owing to the nature of the ground, that concert of action, so essential to complete success, could not obtain, particularly attacking such odds against us, and in position. The enemy, however, was driven back slowly and steadily, contesting the ground inch by inch. He succeeded in getting some of his batteries off the field, and, by holding his last position till dark, in withdrawing his forces, under cover of night. The troops sustained their reputation for coolness, courage, determination, and devotion, so well earned on many hotly contested fields. Branch's brigade, of MajorGeneral A. P. Hill's division, did not render the prompt support to our right which was expected, and it is believed that several of our officers and men were taken prisoners in consequence. The other brigades of this division were prompt, and advanced to the attack with an alacrity worthy of their gallant leader. They recovered and secured the captured batteries, from some of which the troops of my division had been compelled to retire for want of prompt support. The odds against us on this field were probably greater than on any other.

For the details of the operations of MajorGeneral A. P. Hill's division, I respectfully refer to his official report.

Early on the following day, the troops of Major-General Jackson were reported approaching the late battle-field, also Armstead's brigade, of Huger's division. The entire force was concentrated around this field about ten o'clock A.M., and Jackson's command advanced, by the commanding general, on the route of the enemy's retreat. It was soon ascertained that the enemy was in position and great force near Malvern Hill, at Crew's farm.

Major-General A. P. Hill's and my own division having been engaged the day before were in reserve. A little after three o'clock P.M., I unMajor-General A. P. Hill deserves much credit derstood that we would not be able to attack the for the condition of his new troops, and the enemy that day, inasmuch as his position was promptness and energy displayed in throwing too strong to admit of it. About five o'clock, his forces forward at the proper time, and to the however, I heard the noise of battle and soon reproper points. I would also mention, as distin-ceived a message from Major-General Magruder, guished among others for gallantry and skill, calling for reenforcements, and understood from Brigadier-Generals R. H. Anderson, Kemper, Wil- his staff-officer that the enemy was attacking his cox, Pryor, and Featherston, (the latter severely position. I ordered the division of Major-Genwounded,) and Colonels Jenkins, Corse, Strange, eral A. P. Hill to his immediate support and put Patton, Perry, severely wounded; Lieutenant- my own in position to secure his right flank, Colonel Marye, Lieutenant-Colonel Coppens, which was the only one that could be at all exLieutenant-Colonel Royston, and Major Caldwell, posed. One of Major-General A. P. Hill's brithe two latter wounded; Captain Fields, com- gades became engaged about night-no other manding Eleventh Alabama, Čaptain King, com- portion of the two divisions. On Wednesday manding Ninth Alabama, both wounded; Cap- those two divisions were thrown forward again tain Otey, commanding Eleventh Virginia, and to pursue the enemy, but after marching two Captain Kilpatrick, of the Palmetto Sharp-shoot- miles through a very severe rain-storm, they were halted for the night near Dr. Poindexter's house. The country and the service mourns the loss On Thursday morning, the pursuit was reof Lieutenant-Colonel J. G. Taylor, of the Sec-sumed and the command of Major-General Jackond Mississippi battalion; Lieutenant-Colonel son moved forward, but by a different road. Both D. W. Baine, commanding Fourteenth Alabama commands arrived near the new position taken regiment; Lieutenant-Colonel J. V. Scott, com- by the enemy before night. manding Third Virginia regiment, and Major William Anderson, of the Palmetto Sharp-shooters. These brave and valuable officers fell at the head of their commands, in a desperate charge on the enemy's batteries.

ers.

Majors Sorrel, Manning, Fairfax, and Walton, tain Goree, and Lieutenant Blackwell, of my

On Friday morning, I rode forward to examine the position of the enemy. He was found to be strongly posted under his gunboats. MajorGeneral Jackson placed his command in front of the enemy, drove back the enemy's pickets, and made the necessary disposition of his troops. Some complaint was made that the troops were

BRIGADIER-GENERAL

not in proper condition to attack the enemy under his gunboats. I ordered, therefore, that no advance should be made and wrote to request that the commanding general would ride forward at his earliest convenience. Brigadier-General D. R. Jones, in command of his own brigade and that of General Toombs, reported to me just before the arrival of the commanding general. These brigades were put in position on Jackson's left, and Major-General A. P. Hill's division on

his right, at Crenshaw's farm. After consultation, further offensive operations were not deemed expedient.

Some days were, therefore, occupied in collecting the arms and other property thrown away and abandoned by the enemy, when our forces were withdrawn to their present positions near Richmond. Respectfully submitted, JAMES LONGStreet, Major-General Commanding.

Return of the Killed, Wounded, and Missing of Longstreet's Division, in the action of the 27th and 30th June, 1862.

GENERAL JACKSON'S REPORT OF BATTLE OF COLD
HARBOR AND OTHER ENGAGEMENTS.
HEADQUARTERS SECOND CORPS, A. N. V.
February 20, 1868.

700 231 8,198 23

gade, Colonel L. W. Fulkerson commanding; and the Fourth brigade, General A. R. Lawton; with the batteries of Poague, Carpenter, and Wooding.

Brigadier-General R. H. Chilton, A. A. and I. On the morning of the twenty-sixth, in pursuGeneral: ance of instructions from the commanding genGENERAL: I have the honor herewith to sub-eral, I took up the line of march for Cold Harbor, mit to you a report of the operations of my corps in the battle of Cold Harbor, and other engagements before Richmond.

Whiting's division in front.

Pursuing the Ashcake road, we crossed the Central Railroad about ten A.M. Approaching On the seventeenth of June, last, leaving the the Tottopotomy Creek, the Federal pickets cavalry and Chew's battery, under Brigadier- crossed to the south side of the stream, and parGeneral Robertson, near Harrisonburgh-Whit-tially destroyed the bridge, and by felling trees ing's division, then near Staunton, and Ewell's across the road further on, attempted to delay and Jackson's near Weyer's Cave, Augusta Coun- our advance. After the Texas skirmishers had ty, Virginia-moved toward Richmond. Law-gallantly crossed over and Rielly shelled the ton's brigade, subsequently of Jackson's divi- woods for the purpose of driving the enemy from sion, being part at Staunton and part near Wey-it, in order that we might safely effect a lodger's Cave, moved with the troops nearest their positions. Subsequently Colonel Munford, with his cavalry, marched in the same direction.

On the twenty-fifth of June, we reached the vicinity of Ashland, on the Richmond, Fredericksburgh, and Potomac Railroad, about twelve miles from Richmond.

ment beyond the creek, Whiting rapidly repaired the bridge, and the march was resumed. That night the three divisions bivouacked near Hundley's Corner. Whilst there, some skirmishing took place with detachments of the enemy, in which Brockenbrough's battery, the First Maryland, Thirteenth Virginia, and the Sixth Louisiana regiments participated.

We were now approaching the ground occupied by that portion of the grand army of McClellan, which was posted north of the Chickahominy. His right was then resting upon Mechanicsville, from which point his lines extended some miles down the river.

The division of Brigadier-General Whiting embraced the Texas brigade, General Hood; the Third brigade, Colonel Law commanding, with the batteries of Rielly and Balthis. The division of Major-General Ewell, the Fourth brigade, General Elzey; the Seventh brigade, General Trimble; and the Eighth brigade, Colonel L. G. Seymour; and the Maryland line, Colonel Brad- As our route, that day, inclined toward the ley T. Johnson, with the batteries of Brocken- south, and brought us in the direction of, but to brough, Carrington, and Courtnay. Jackson's the left of, Mechanicsville, we distinctly heard division, the First brigade, General Charles S. the rapid and continued discharges of cannon, Winder; the Second brigade, Lieutenant-Colonel announcing the engagement of General A. P. R. H. Cunningham commanding; the Third bri-Hill with the extreme right of the enemy. Early

the next morning, (twenty-seventh,) the three Chickahominy-and had concentrated them in divisions resumed the march, General Ewell in the lead.

After crossing Beaver Dam, we halted to dislodge a force of the enemy, observed upon our right, near the intersection of the road then occupied by us with the road leading from Mechan-running nearly parallel to the Chickahominy, icsville to Bethesda Church; but the Federals observing the division of General D. H. Hill, then coming into view, and which was advancing from Mechanicsville toward the point of intersection, and at the same time seeing General Ewell moving down from my command, they promptly abandoned their position and fell back.

But it soon becoming apparent, from the direction and sound of the firing, that General A. P. Hill was hard pressed, I ordered a general ad-disorder. vance of my entire corps, which commenced with General D. H. Hill upon my left, and extending to the right, through Ewell's, Jackson's, and Whiting's divisions, posted from left to right in the order named. The Federal commander had withdrawn his troops from their positions west of the Powhite-a small tributary of the

ascent of the hill, his division became warmly engaged with the enemy. For two hours, assailed in front and flank by superior numbers, without reenforcements, Colonel Seymour, then commanding, having fallen, the Eighth brigade was drawn from the field, but the line was still held by a portion of Genera! Trimble's. The Fifth Texas and a part of the Hampton Legion now came to his support and rendered important service in holding the enemy in check until the arrival of General Lawton, of Jackson's division, enabled him to assume the offensive. Lawton, after aiding in clearing the front, wheeled a part of his brigade to the right, attacked the enemy in flank, and opened the way for the remainder of Trimble's brigade, which advanced to the field beyond the woods. General Ewell's troops having now exhausted their own ammunition, and in many cases such as they could gather from the dead and wounded, and having been engaged for more than four hours, the most of them withdrew from the field about dusk.

triumph, and the guns of the enemy in possession of the gallant Texas brigade. Colonel S. V. Fulkerson, commanding the brigade, fell, mortally wounded, shortly after his arrival on the spot. General Lawton, of the Fourth brigade, after rendering timely and important support, before described, to General Ewell's command, pressed to the brow of the hill, driving the enemy before him, and coöperating in that general charge, late in the evening, that closed the labors of the day. On my extreme right, General Whiting advanced his division through the same dense forest and swamp, emerging from the wood into the field near the public road, and at the head of the deep ravine which covered the enemy's left. Advancing thence, through a number of retreating and disordered regiments, he came within easy range of the enemy's fire, who, concealed in an open wood, and protected by breastworks, poured a destructive fire, for a quarter of a mile, into his advancing line, under which many brave officers and men fell. Dashing on The four brigades of Jackson's division did not with unfaltering step, in the face of those muract together during the engagement, but were derous discharges of canister and musketry, called to separate fields of service. In pursu- General Hood and Colonel Law, at the heads of ance of the order to charge the enemy's front, their respective brigades, rushed to the charge the First Virginia brigade, commanded by Gen- with a yell. Moving down a precipitous ravine, eral C. S. Winder, moved forward through the leaping ditch and stream, clambering up a diffiswamp, and, upon emerging into the open field, cult ascent, and exposed to an incessant and its ranks, broken by the obstacles encountered, deadly fire from the intrenchments, these brave were re-formed. Meeting at that point with the and determined men pressed forward, driving Hampton Legion, First Maryland, and Twelfth the enemy from his well selected and fortified Alabama, Fifty-second Virginia, and Thirty-position. eighth Georgia, they were formed upon his line. In this charge, in which upward of a thousand Thus formed, they moved forward under the lead men fell, killed and wounded, before the fire of of that gallant officer, whose conduct here was the enemy, and in which fourteen pieces of artilmarked by the coolness and courage which dis-lery and nearly a regiment were captured, the tinguished him on the battle-fields of the Valley. The enemy, met this advance with spirit and firmness. His well-directed artillery and heavy musketry, played with destructive effect upon our advancing line. Nothing daunted by the fall of officers and men thinning their ranks at every step, these brave men moved steadily forward, driving the enemy from point to point, until he was finally driven from his last position, some three hundred yards beyond McGee's house, when night prevented further pursuit.

In the charge near McGee's house, Colonel Allen, of the Second Virginia infantry, fell, at the head of his regiment.

Five guns, numerous small-arms, and many prisoners, were among the fruits of this rapid and resistless advance.

Fourth Texas, under the lead of General Hood, was the first to pierce these strongholds and seize the guns. Although swept from their defences by this rapid and almost matchless display of daring and desperate valor, the well-disciplined Federals continued, in retreat, to fight with stubborn resistance. Apprehensive, from their superior numbers and sullen obstinacy, that the enemy might again rally, General Whiting called upon General Longstreet for reënforcements. He promptly sent forward General R. H. Anderson's brigade, which came in gallant style to his support, and the enemy were driven to the lower part of the plateau.

The shouts of triumph which rose from our brave men as they, unaided by artillery, had stormed this citadel of their strength, were General Reynolds and an officer of his staff, promptly carried from line to line, and the triwho lingered on this side of the river, after the umphant issue of this assault, with the well-diFederal troops had crossed over, were among the rected fire of the batteries, and successful charges number of prisoners. The Second brigade, by of Hill and Winder upon the enemy's right, derequest of General Wilcox, was removed to a termined the fortunes of the day. The Federals, point of woods about half a mile from the river.routed at every point, and aided by the darkness When it reached there, the enemy had already of the night, escaped across the Chickahominy. been repulsed at that point by a flank movement During the earlier part of the action the artilof Brigadier-General R. H. Anderson. The Third lery could not be effectively used. At an adbrigade was sent to support General Whiting's vanced stage of it, Major Pelham, of Stuart's attack upon the enemy's left, but reached there horse artillery, boldly dashed forward and openonly in time to witness the evidence of a bloodyed on the Federal batteries posted on the left of

our infantry. Reenforced by the guns of Brockenbrough, Carrington, and Courtnay, of my command, our artillery now numbered about thirty pieces. Their fire was well directed and effective, and contributed to the successful issue of the engagement.

On the following day, twenty-eighth, General Ewell preceded by a cavalry force, advanced down the north side of the Chickahominy to Dispatch Station, and destroyed a portion of the railroad track.

until dark. We bivouacked that night near the swamp.

A heavy cannonading in front announced the engagement of General Longstreet at Frazier's Farm, and made me eager to press forward; but the marshy character of the soil, the destruction of the bridge over the marsh and creek, and the strong position of the enemy for defending the passage, prevented my advancing until the following morning. During the night the Federals retired; the bridge was rapidly repaired by Whiting's division, which soon after crossed over and continued the pursuit, in which it was folOak, we captured a portion of the enemy's artillery, and also found another hospital with about three hundred and fifty sick and wounded, which fell into our hands.

On the twenty-ninth, he moved his division to the vicinity of Bottom's Bridge, to prevent the enemy crossing at that point; but, on the followed by the remainder of my corps. At White lowing day, was ordered to return to cooperate with the movements of the corps.

The twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth were occupied in disposing of the dead and wounded, and repairing Grapevine Bridge, over the Chick- Upon reaching Frazier's Farm, I found General ahominy, which McClellan's forces had used in Longstreet's advance near the road. The comtheir retreat, and destroyed in their rear. Dur- manding general soon after arrived, and, in puring the night of the twenty-ninth we commenced suance of his instructions, I continued to press crossing the Chickahominy, and, on the follow-forward. The head of my advancing column ing day, arrived at Savage Station, on the Rich- was soon fired upon by the enemy, who, nevermond and York River Railroad, where a summer theless, continued to fall back until he reached hospital, remarkable for the extent and conveni- Malvern Hill, which strong position he held in ence of its accommodations, fell into our possession. force. General Whiting was directed to move In it were about two thousand five hundred sick to the left and take position on the Poindexter and wounded, besides some five hundred persons Farm, General D. H. Hill to take position furhaving charge of the patients. Many other evi- ther to the right, Taylor's brigade, of General dences of the hurried and disordered flight of the Ewell's division, to move forward between the enemy were now visible; blankets, clothing, and divisions of Hill and Whiting, the remainder of other supplies, had been recklessly abandoned. Ewell's division to remain in rear of the first General D. H. Hill, who had the advance, gath-line. Jackson's division was halted near Willis's ered up, probably, a thousand stragglers, and so many small-arms that it became necessary to detach two regiments to take charge of them, and to see to the security of the prisoners.

About noon we reached White Oak Swamp, and here the enemy made a determined effort to retard our advance, and thereby to prevent an immediate junction between General Longstreet and myself. We found the bridge destroyed, and the ordinary place of crossing commanded by their batteries on the opposite side, and all approach to it barred by detachments of sharpshooters concealed in a dense wood close by. A battery of twenty-eight guns from Hill's and Whiting's artillery was placed by Colonel S. Crutchfield, in a favorable position for driving off or silencing the opposing artillery.

About two P.M., it opened suddenly upon the enemy. He fired a few shots in reply and then withdrew from that position, abandoning part of his artillery. Captain Wooding was immediately ordered near the bridge to shell the sharp-shooters from the woods, which was accomplished, and Munford's cavalry crossed the creek, but was soon compelled to retire. It was soon seen that the enemy occupied such a position beyond a thick intervening wood on the right of the road, as enabled him to command the crossing. Captain Wooding's battery was consequently recalled, and our batteries turned in the new direction. The fire so opened on both sides was kept up

Church, in the wood, and held in reserve.

General D. H. Hill pursued the route indicated, crossing an open field and creek. His troops were then brought in full range of the enemy's artillery and suffered severely. Brigadier-General Anderson was wounded and carried from the field. The division was halted under the cover of a wood, which afforded an opportunity for a more particular examination of the ground in front. The enemy, in large force, were found strongly posted on a commanding hill, all the approaches to which, in the direction of my posi. tion, could be swept by his 'artillery, and were guarded by infantry. The nearest batteries could only be approached by traversing an open space of three or four hundred yards, exposed to the murderous fire of artillery and infantry. The commanding general had issued an order that, at a given signal, there should be a general advance of the whole line. General D. H. Hill, hearing what he believed to be the signal, with great gallantry pressed forward and engaged the enemy. Not supported by a general advance, as he had anticipated, he soon saw it was impossible, without support, to sustain himself long against such overwhelming numbers. He accordingly sent to me for reenforcements. I ordered that portion of General Ewell's division held in reserve, and Jackson's division, to his relief; but, from the darkness of the night and the obstructions caused by the swamp and undergrowth through which