The ceremony was planned for June 17, 1825, fifty years after the battle. The great procession of military, Masons, societies, and guests came over from Boston. General Lafayette was there to assist the Grand Master of Masons and Daniel Webster in laying the stone. Twenty thousand people covered the northern hillside before the speakers' stand, while just in front two hundred veterans of the Revolution, aged, wrinkled, some scarred from wounds, among them forty survivors of the battle, with General Lafayette in their midst, faced the orator. Rev. Mr. Thaxter, who on that spot fifty years before had prayed ere the battle began, now solemnly offered prayer, and Rev. John Pierpont read an ode. The day was bright and beautiful, a cool easterly breeze tempered the air, the scene was inspiring, when Daniel Webster stood before that great throng and delivered the first Bunker Hill address.

No real plan had been made to build the monument, and it was 1827 before the work began. Mr. Solomon Willard was the architect, and Mr. James S. Savage the builder. The fifty-five thousand dollars then on hand lasted but a short time. In 1834 more money was raised and the work continued. In 1840 a great fair was held by the ladies of Boston and of the coun

try. Finally, the needed money was secured, and the capstone was placed upon the monument July 23, 1842.

The monument stands in the centre of a large square. The sides of the square are four hundred feet long, enclosing all the ground of the redoubt and the spot where Warren fell. From a solid foundation below the ground of six courses of stone, the monument rises eighty-four courses to the summit. The height of each course on the side is two feet eight inches. The apex is a single stone weighing two and a half tons. The monument is thirty feet square at the bottom, and about fifteen at the top, and it is two hundred and twenty-one feet high. At the entrance door the wall is six feet wide. A circular spiral staircase winds to the top, where there is a room seventeen feet high and eleven in diameter. Here a window looks to each point of the compass. The monument is built of Quincy granite.

The celebration of the completion of the monument was upon June 17, 1843. It was a remarkable pageant. More than one hundred thousand people gathered upon the sloping hillside. The President of the United States, members of his Cabinet, and thousands of descendants of New Eng

land, from all parts of the country, were there. Again Daniel Webster, Secretary of State of the United States, was the orator of the day. A great work had been accomplished; a significant battle-field and the American Revolution had at last a worthy monument. The event found adequate and eloquent expression in Webster's address, The Completion of the Bunker Hill Monument.

VI

THE FAREWELL ADDRESS

WHEN Washington's second term in the presidential office was drawing to a close, in September, 1796, he presented his Farewell Address to the people of the United States. He was not an author or literary man. Yet he had supplemented his limited education by careful reading. In his anxiety for the Union and the public policy he had acquired a sincere and stately style by a voluminous correspondence. He brought into his writing his whole character and purpose. Therefore, when he came to leave his office, it is not strange that his devotion to his country should enable him to express in noble

language and with stately eloquence the profound feelings of his heart. Lest the thought should not in all respects be worthy of the occasion, and the expression adequate to its correct representation, he consulted Hamilton and Madison upon its topics and language. An interlined and corrected manuscript, with rejected phrases, comes down to us from Washington's own hand.

The Farewell Address at once took hold of the hearts of the people. Each generation has regarded it with increasing veneration. In a book where we are studying Washington and Webster together, our respect for both will be increased by considering Webster's reference to the Farewell Address in his speech on the Character of Washington, delivered February 22, 1832, the centennial anniversary of Washington's birthday.

"The reiterated admonitions in his Farewell Address show his deep fears that foreign influence would insinuate itself into our councils through the channels of domestic dissension, and obtain a sympathy with our own temporary parties. Against all such dangers he most earnestly entreats the country to guard itself. He appeals to its patriotism, to its self-respect, to its own honor, to every consideration connected

with its welfare and happiness, to resist, at the very beginning, all tendencies towards such connection of foreign interests with our own affairs. With a tone of earnestness nowhere else found, even in his last affectionate farewell advice to his countrymen, he says, 'Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence (I conjure you to believe me, fellow-citizens), the jealousy of a free people ought to be constantly awake, since history and experience prove that foreign influence is one of the most baneful foes of republican government.'

"Indeed, gentlemen, Washington's Farewell Address is full of truths important at all times, and particularly deserving consideration at the present. With a sagacity which brought the future before him, and made it like the present, he saw and pointed out the dangers that even at this moment most imminently threaten us. I hardly know how a greater service of that kind could now be done to the community than by a renewed and wide diffusion of that admirable paper, and an earnest invitation to every man in the country to reperuse and consider it. Its political maxims are invaluable; its exhortations to love of country and to brotherly affection among